JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:6

Exploring the Government intervention in technology development plays an important role in understanding the reasons for the success and failure of technology development policies. In this paper, an analytical framework for discoursive construction of government intervention rationale goes beyond theoretical rationale. Based on this, Using this analytical framework and reviewing the important documents centered on the eight programs of oil ministries and conducting supplementary interviews, the Government's intervention rationale in the development of upstream oil technology in I. R. of Iran has been examined by using thematic analysis and discourse analysis in the five post-revolutionary period in two theoretical rationale and policy idea. At the theoretical rationale, intervention in this era was more based on structuralist views and, in some periods, the introduction of neoclassical and institutional views. In this paper, the policy idea is divided into two dimensions: the governance idea and technical idea. Regarding the dominance of exploitation discourse in the oil industry, the governance idea is based on the integration and directing of the purchase of components and equipment for the inward construction and transferring technology from foreign companies in the form of oil contracts. The technical idea of copying and reverse engineering of components and equipment began in the course of an evolutionary but late development of the knowledge and technology of field study and development and management of development projects.

Convergence of technologies especially in nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science (NBIC) is a significant trend that can be seen in research projects, inventions, and finally, the production of new goods and services. This phenomenon first appears in research and consequently, in scientific publications. Iranian researchers have also followed this trend in research. This study is intended to identify and introduce bilateral or multilateral convergence of NBIC areas based on Iran's scientific publications indexed in Scopus. Convergence is underway with the keywords of four technological fields in the title of articles published from 2001 to 2015 and focused on four types of convergence including materials, techniques, applications, and tools. Accordingly, the greatest convergence is seen in the dual "Nano-Bio" combination and the least convergence in the triple combination of "Cogno-Bio-Nano". The results also show that the "Bio-Info-Nano" type of convergence has taken place in the forms of materials and techniques, in the "Bio-Cogno-Nano" composition as materials; in the "Cogno-Nano-Info" as applications; in the "Cogno-Nano" composition in the forms of materials and applications; in the "Nano-Bio" combination of materials; in the combination of "Nano-Information" as tools and techniques while in the "Cogno-Info" and "Bio-Info" combinations, it was as techniques. Finally, to strengthen the scientific and interdisciplinary co-operation to pave the way for achieving higher levels of convergence, suggestions have been proposed to science and technology policymakers.

Strategic internationalization in new knowledge-based firms in developing countries is a necessity as well as a serious challenge. Undestanding how such companies internationalize in a developing context is theoretically and practically important but there are no deep process studies of the phenomenon which provide actionable knowledge for entrepreneurs and policy makers. This paper seeks to find out how a new knowledge-based firm in developing context can overcome challenges of internationalization and how the result of related process oriented case studies can be presented in actionable frameworks. In the study, through a longitutdinal single case study, the process of internationalization of a sample firm is anlyzed from different aspects considering the effects of its context. As a result, a prescriptive model for strategic internationalization of such firms in the mentioned context has been suggested and it’ s managerial and policy implications are discussed. Concurrent experimentation of different contexts and various business models along with flexibility in ownership and governance are key findings of the study which are reflected in the proposed model. To enhance the validity of the research, multiple sources of data have been used. Partcipative observation has led to deeper and more precise analysis of the phenomenon.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a significant role in global business by providing new markets and marketing channels, cheaper resources, access to new technologies, products, skills and financing. One of the most important aspects of FDI for a host country is technology spillover trough which domestic firms gain access to new technologies from international enterprises. Iran, as a developing country, has had some form of engagement with foreign capital for more than 150 years. Nevertheless, there are limited studies on the role of FDI in technology spillover in Iran. This study investigates the effect of technological capabilities of foreign subsidiaries on the relationship between FDI and technology spillover channels including demonstration effect, training effect, collaboration effect, linkage effect and worker turnover. A questionnaire was completed by 100 subsidiary units based in Iran. The sample consists of all foreign subsidiaries active in different industry or service sections all over the country. The results of running logistic regression model on data from questionnaires showed that FDI could not affect spillover channels directly. Yet, the results proved that technological capabilities of subsidiary units, as mediating players, have a positive influence on two spillover channels namely demonstration effect and training effect.

Today, using renewable energy is highly important because of increasing energy security, maintaining and safeguarding fossil resources, elimination of environmental problems and many business opportunities in this area. On the other hand, based on the situation of each country, there are many paths toward the development of renewable energy. The level of development and the amount of fossil resources are effective in renewable energy development. Therefore effective factors on developing renewable energies and related technologies in each country are different. The main objective of this paper is to describe and explain the process of development of fuel cell technology, based on technological innovation system and innovation motors approach. In this regard, by using historical data analysis method and semi-structured interviews, the engagement causal and relationship between functions of technological innovation system or innovation motors are identified and described. Finally, the relationship between functions of technological innovation system and fuel cell’ s innovation motors in Iran are examined, using structural equation modeling.

Despite the fact that high growth firms comprise a low percentage of all the firms globally, experimental studies in business and entrepreneurship designate a considerable share of net new jobs for them, deeming them as initiatives of boosting productivity, innovation and penetrating global markets. However, no comprehensive study has yet been conducted on Iranian high growth firms and their role on the nation’ s economy. Hence, the present study, using all Iranian Social Security Organization data during two four-year-period, investigates the jobs created by high growth firms in private sectors and cooperative firms. While highlighting the importance of the subject, the study paints a big picture of such firms and delivers a context for deeper studies and comprehension of success and demise of them. As high grows firms encompass 0. 53 percent of businesses in Iran, they constitute approximately 38 percent of all the newly created jobs that are distributed unequally across the country. The unfair geographical distribution of such firms convey lack of equal access to entrepreneurial opportunities in the country and calls for implementing enlightening policies and configuration of transparency and fair access to opportunities on a nation-wide scale.