POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE
Year:2019 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 (29) |Papers Count:13

The emergence of geopolitical changes in Iran's security environment, along with the consolidation of the Shah in the late 1960s, led to an increase in the regional role of the Pahlavi regime. It was on this basis that the Pahlavi regime, exerting itself as a regional power, expanded its influence in the Persian Gulf, trying to maintain regional stability and security, sometimes through coercion and sometimes through diplomacy and the expansion of relations with neighbors. Acted as a gendarmerie. The purpose of this article is to answer the question of what factors and how has the role of the Pahlavi regime as a regional power been influenced? Initial findings show that at the international level, the structural pressure of the international system is reduced by factors such as Cold War tensions, Britain's withdrawal from the Persian Gulf, and Nixon's doctrine coupled with the development of domestic capabilities leading to a triple role of leadership, Custodianship And regional protection for the Pahlavi Regime. In fact, given the Persian Gulf's blockade of the West and the Shah's relations with Washington, the Pahlavi regime succeeded in securing the region from the United States.

This study seeks to investigate the effect of social capital and its dimensions (social trust and social participation) on political development and its three dimensions (satisfaction of the political situation, the sense of political freedom and the sense of belonging to society). The results show that social trust has a positive influence on the attitude of Tehran citizens toward political development. Also, the social trust variable has a positive effect on the three dimensions of attitude toward political development, the dimensions of satisfaction of the political situation, the sense of political freedom and the sense of belonging to society. In terms of the desirability of the attitude of Tehran citizens to development only then the feeling of belonging to society is at a desirable level, and the dimensions of feeling of political freedom and satisfaction of the political situation as well as the changing attitude of attitude toward political development are not at a desirable level. Regarding the prioritization of social trust dimensions as well as the lack of structural violence in the first priority, and dimensions of administrative and financial corruption, facilitating political-social interactions, transparency in punishment, transparency of media, trust in media, trust in governance, economic justice and speech transparency are in the next priorities. As well as the variable of social participation on the three dimensions of attitude toward political development, the dimensions of satisfaction of the political situation, the sense of political freedom and the feeling of belonging to society has a positive effect.

Always explaining the dimensions and studying foreign policy of Iranian past governments is a way to determine the policy and area of decision-making for the future. By analyzing the foreign policy of the Pahlavi regime, this point comes to mind that Iran has had a constant fear of the Soviets and this kind of Soviet phobia plays an important role in the policies and strategies of its foreign relations. This article attempts to explain the factors and sources of Soviet phobia in the second Pahlavi regime and Describes its role in the foreign policy decision-making process. In this regard, by analyzing the subject by modeling and combining two theories of Marvin Zeonis' political psychology and James Rozna's theory of continuity, and by explaining the sources: person, role, structure of government, social structure, transnational factors or international system, the dimensions of Soviet phobia and its impact on the foreign policy decision-making process of Pahlavi II. In this article has been used Descriptive-explanatory method.

This Artical is related to the conceptual function of humorous tendencies on community consciousness and the critique of ruling political discourses; in this research Using the method of discourse analysis, important works of satire have been mentioned at the time and in the issue of the election of the National Assembly as one of the functions of the institution of power during the Second Pahlavi period (1357-1351). Regarding the political atmosphere and critical discourses of that era, the satire in the press was largely political in nature, and in the majority of cases, comic and social issues were published, especially in the form of lyrics with political intentions and for the purpose of discursive purposes. The special political space and the type of relations and general culture dominated during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi spread his shadow over the literary works of this era, so that after the important events of the August 28 coup by exercising more control over the press activities, the satire as a means of expression The truths and knowledge of the people were used by critics.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the study conditions and the mass media on the political socialization of students of Shiraz University. The study was a Survey one. The data of this research was collected by questionnaire from a sample of 400 students of Shiraz University in February and March, 2017. The theoretical basis of the research was founded on structural-functional theory. The political socialization was examined on 3 level of political consciousness, the political attitude and political values. The independent variables were divided in 7 dimensions: the familial factors, the personal characteristics, the relationship with other students, religious commitment, the study conditions and finally the mass media. We have chosen two of them for this leprosy: the influence of study conditions and the mass media. The study conditions has been measured by the indices of Education, Faculty belongness and the high school discipline before entering university. The mass media was measured with indexes of political using of the media and the affection for the mass media. To test the hypothesis, we have used t-test, regression analysis and bivariabele and multivariable regression. The findings of the research shows that there is significant relationship between education levels, high school discipline and the faculity belongness and political socialization of students. The result of the research showed the study conditions has a modest influence on the political socialization of students.

Good Citizenship is one of the most important principles of good governance. Throughout history, citizenship has taken on many characteristics. This literature has developed, especially since the French Revolution. Adding transparency, responsibility, accountability and participation to good governance faced citizenship to new issues. One of the most important intellectual influences from the 1970s is the impact of globalization on the model of citizenship. There are now many conversations and debates about global citizenship and its compliance with global standards. The question is, "How do Iranian and Swedish citizens view globalization"? To answer this question, first, the indicators and standards of global citizenship are studied and, then, statistical population is researched by quantitative methods. What is clear is that social networks, the communications revolution, information technology, and the Information age in general, have failed to make global citizens sociable in different societies equally. This study is in terms of purpose, practical, in terms of method, descriptive-analytical and in terms of data collection, survey.

Among the large numbers of nongovernmental, nultinationals and intra governmental organizations, sports and its international organizations like international Olympic committee as greatest common value of today's societies, without any racism or ethnic color, has been accelerated the realization of truly global village. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the sport diplomacy in Iran and selected countries (the United States, China, Australia, Turkey, Russia and Japan). The present study was applied and that was reviewed by more than 50 articles, books, notes, news and more during the years 2000 to 2018 by using the Bereday pattern. To obtain the required information, English and Persian texts were collected until the end of 2018; The findings showed that developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Australia alongside emerging economies (BRICs), such as Russia and China, by presenting a comprehensive program in use of athletes, coaches, referees and even college sports pursuing their political goals in the field of sport, whereas the Islamic Republic of Iran's decision makers use sport merely as a phenomenon for entertainment and recreation, and they are just "interested" in sport instead of "have perception” about it.

The issue of this research is that in today's Iranian society and in the opinion of the people, which one of domination of the social goods on the realm of politics is justice? Using Michael Walzer's theory of Complex Equality, the authors of this study designed a questionnaire to identify the perception of Iranians of the social “ goods” dominating the political participation as a subset of politics in the contemporary Iranian society, from among three social goods: wealth, kinship, and knowledge. using elite perspectives on social justice and political science with Delphi method, researchers designed a questionnaire to understand the people's view of the dominant social good in the realm of politics, from the three social goods of wealth, kinship, and knowledge. The target population of this study was Iranians over 20 years of age living in the country and the sample population was determined using the Cochran formula of 271 people. After data analysis, the authors concluded that people are more inclined toward the social good of knowledge regarding political participation compared to the other two. However, in terms of the sample population, wealth played a stronger role in political participation. Moreover, the Islamic Republic of Iran has become closer to a just society in terms of kinship compared to the other two social goods.

Cultural threats are known as threats to a country's structure. Accordingly, one of the ways of threatening a country's culture, especially about the cultural structure, is designed and implemented in the form of cultural Invasion. This study was done with the aim of pathology of cultural invasion at different levels of micro, medium, and macro among youth, Hamadan Province in 2017. The quantitative research was carried out via a survey method. The study population consisted of all youth in Hamedan Province (N= 10874). 284 students were selected through stratified random sampling by using the Cochran formula. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by an experts panel. Reliability was strengthened through pilot testing and calculating Cronbach’ s alpha. Empirical results of a structural equation modeling analysis revealed that cultural invasion had significant effects on the three levels of micro, medium, and macro of culture. Furthermore, the greatest effect was on the tendency towards fashion at the micro level, on adherence by young people to family principles at the medium level, and on lifestyle changes at macro level.

Diversity and plurality of forms of identity in fragmented societies is one of the most important factors which threatens security of any countries. Statesmen and elites resort to some identity-building resources and carrying on strategies and policies in using them, in order to create a partial integrity and fill the Identity Vacuum. This research by using a descriptive-analytic method and based on constructivism, tries to provide a description of identity-building resources and categorize them. According to the results, based on three pillars, elites build a comperehensive identity: place/space, time/histort and joint culture. As a case study, by this identity model, we consider Israeli society. Therefore we arrange the approach of the current research in terms of the following question: “ What are identity components based on place, time and culture in the society of the Zionist regime? ” The results of this research suggest that most identity-building resources of the Zionist regime is fed with the Bible and include "The Promised Land", "historical single identity" and the Jewish Culture. The Jewish Culture also include "Commandments of Judaism" and symbols like "Hebrew language", "myth", "art", "social events" and "religious cover". The challenges facing these resources according to which some of them could be explained in cases like "the distorted Torah", "Multilingualism" and "secularism and atheism.

In the modern world, negotiation is one of the most important means of achieving the goals and interests of political actors, especially governments, and is an important part of political discipline. Most of the national goals is achieved through the optimal application of the principles and techniques of negotiation based on the elements of the actors' power involved. Therefore, Islam, which espouses a special focus on the core of politics, has broadened its rationale to meet the various political needs of Islamic society, including foreign policy and diplomacy. Applying theoretical and documentary analysis with the aim of explaining the principles governing the scope of the Prophet Mohammad's negotiations, the authors try to answer this question: what is the relevance of the Islamic negotiation and concluding treaties in the Shia Islamic political-jurisprudential discourse focusing on prophetic tradition? In other words, what principles should be followed in the process before, during, and after the negotiations, in order for the negotiation to be Islamic and endorsed by religion? To answer this question, considering different theories on negotiation, paying attention to the monotheistic worldview and the re-reading of the function of Islamic diplomacy specialty based on the governmental Syrah of the prophet Mohammad (PBUH), this article articulate conceptual model of desired negotiation from the prophet Mohammad’ s (PBUH) perspective. The findings of the article shows that these principles fall into the context of the interaction environment in three phases: laying the foundations of principles, comprehensive diplomacy, and diplomatic consolidation.

Justice and freedom are fundamental concepts in human society that Scholars of political science considered concepts, foundations, method of credit in the society and the relations of those concepts. In this article, using the method of analysis of "text-based methodical interpretations", the types and bases of two concepts of justice and freedom in Allameh Tabatabai's views are presented. Then formulation of the relationship between these two concepts is presented based on Allameh Tabatabai's views. In this viewpoint, justice is an objective and, prescriptive that one that forms the first pillar of human social life, and is the identity of the Hikmat Mota'alieh political philosophy wisdom. Justice is established after the formation of a community among humans, meaning that it is proportional to the affairs and presents the true desires of each person, and, as a result, all the other credentials of the social life of human beings are based on which legitimacy and credibility are established. Freedom is also an obvious and at the same time the most basic human needs and desires, and it is considered to be the first human being based on human self-determination and on the basis of liberty. Also, since in the thought of the great Tabatabai, the social system has not consolidated except on the basis of justice, and other issues and issues of political philosophy, including freedom, are not based on it alone, freedom is in the two areas of "background and precondition" and "purpose and outcome" of justice. At the same time, the equilibrium between these two concepts is the complication of the consistency of society.