POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE
Year:2016 | Volume:11 | Issue:2 (22) |Papers Count:10

Up to now, a lot of preeminent research and studies have been conducted about Turkey. Researchers have sought to know this neighbor which is considered as a junction for eastern culture and western one. Nonetheless, no research have been carried out about the Turkish studies in Iran .We attempt to consider the condition of Turkish Studies (TS) in four universities: Imam Sadiq University, Shahid Beheshti, Tehran and Allameh Tabatabaei Universities. Then, we tried to assess the literature of this realm to draw a complete road map in order to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the TS. Furthermore we attempted to indicate the research gaps which have to be considered by researchers. However, we didn’t discuss about all the important matters in the TS and we merely assess the matters which we recognized them as the most important ones.  This research shows that most of the analyses in the TS are non-theoretical. Almost %43 of the research are comparative and according to the research %46 of the dissertations suggest operating approach. 44% of the research in the TS are related to other field rather than political science. Among various kind of theories, convergence theory is the most popular one which was included in %19 research of this realm. Thirteen topics are the most popular which will be discussed in this research.

Political thought is one of the most important aspect of thoughts in all countries. It is because of its role in showing the main current of political practice. So political science is must study and analysis these thoughts to understand real political life. It is necessary in Islamic Republic of Iran and authors have done it by referring to academic resources. In I.R. Iran, the political thought throughout history has seen many ups and downs and is soon to be discussed in Iranian universities as a separate discipline. The situation of the academic resources of the political thought in the main aim of this research on the basis of SWOT analysis tool. So, the article trying to recognize the strenght and weakness points and also the opportunities and threats of political thought in the context of academic resources and eventually will offer the solutions to improve the existing resources of the this knowledge. According to results we should improve the the oritical studies؛ and proffisionl studies by observing what are happening in real politics. We need positive researches to correct our theories.

Nowadays although the use of soft power or soft war literature in political, cultural and military even has had wide application, but the concept is as old as the history of human social life .Divine prophets throughout history many examples of this kind of war, and there are ways to deal with it in many verses of the Holy Quran in it. One of the main elements of soft war according to the Quran, soft war against the Islamic community's beliefs and worldview. The study is qualitative content analysis, in which the study of the Quran and authentic interpretations, different methods and ways of coping with any war in the realm of faith, was extracted and analyzed, The results showed that in different ways such as: deny, distort, understatement, creating doubt, denying, idolatry, superstition, mixing truth and falsehood, contention, lies close to God, and the faith of some blasphemy to some, out of the religion, the abuse of the sacred and determinism, is used in this type of war. And some coping strategies include insightful, dialogue, calling to faith, reason, respond, warning, interdiction, blame, fear, ultimatum, defiance, fear of loss, or the punishment (hitting force) is.

Despite its importance, effectiveness of the political system of Islamic Republic of Iran, criteria and indicators to evaluate it not provided. Therefore, this is the main question that "How could assess (evaluate) the effectiveness of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on indicators of effectiveness?" Therefore, effectiveness from a new theoretical approach, based on elements and pillars of the political systems; the idea, structure, agent and behavior has defined. In the next step, according to these indicators, a model for evaluation the effectiveness of the political system of Islamic Republic of Iran has presented. In addition to the common characteristics of this political system with other kinds of political systems, this model represents specific characteristics of this political system. Furthermore, some examples in each of the levels have mentioned. expediency and provisions governing idea, the general policies of Article 44 of the constitution, tactics Flexibility Heroic, Management of nuclear crisis, Influence Prevention, Management of imposed war, Review of constitutional law, stablish of the Expediency Council, formation of the Supreme Council of resolving disputes between governmental powers, Programs of Social and Economic Development, the General Policies of the system, Program of 20-year vision, support for Palestinian, interaction with the world mean while revolutionary positions, stabilization of religious democracy and elections etc. are examples of effectiveness of the Islamic Republic of Iran in levels of the idea, structure, agent and behavior.

Despite its importance, effectiveness of the political system of Islamic Republic of Iran, criteria and indicators to evaluate it not provided. Therefore, this is the main question that "How could assess (evaluate) the effectiveness of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on indicators of effectiveness?" Therefore, effectiveness from a new theoretical approach, based on elements and pillars of the political systems; the idea, structure, agent and behavior has defined. In the next step, according to these indicators, a model for evaluation the effectiveness of the political system of Islamic Republic of Iran has presented. In addition to the common characteristics of this political system with other kinds of political systems, this model represents specific characteristics of this political system. Furthermore, some examples in each of the levels have mentioned. expediency and provisions governing idea, the general policies of Article 44 of the constitution, tactics Flexibility Heroic, Management of nuclear crisis, Influence Prevention, Management of imposed war, Review of constitutional law, stablish of the Expediency Council, formation of the Supreme Council of resolving disputes between governmental powers, Programs of Social and Economic Development, the General Policies of the system, Program of 20-year vision, support for Palestinian, interaction with the world mean while revolutionary positions, stabilization of religious democracy and elections etc. are examples of effectiveness of the Islamic Republic of Iran in levels of the idea, structure, agent and behavior.

Despite the human enjoyment of basic freedoms, one of the most important topics in political thought is rooting the issue of political obligation and Justify following the orders of governors. Western authors based their views on the necessity of obligation respect to the contract and common commitment. These theories have failed to offer a comprehensive solution for political conflict within a community and between communities and political systems. Based on Shiite religious principles, God is the source of all obligations. political obligation which is the obligation to the legitimate rulers, is realized by divine installed or contract which is concluded between government and society through elections or allegiance. In Shiite jurisprudence, there are certain criteria that direct all obligations to be bound by the divine orders and resolve all obligations conflicts and Justifies the following commands of just ruler, who follows the divine orders. In this paper we will explain the Sources of political obligation and the reason of coordination between Political obligation and other obligations and fiqh solution for managing conflict obligations and preventing violations by descriptive and analytical method.

Development is a process in which, the society is transferred from a period to a new one. This process can change various dimensions of human life. Economic development means economic growth and changing values and institutions that requires doing especial social behaviors that depend to culture and cultural properties of people. In Mamasani Township, given to social structure based on traditional and tribal identities, economic development has a significant relationship with political culture that depends on geographical identity and inter-subjective ideas of brokers. Mamasani is economically based on market and agriculture and is directly related to transition to economic development with present cultural conditions. Any fluctuation in its economic bases like forming cobweb conditions is analytical based on existing political culture. This research has an applied nature and the man question is that: what is the relation between political culture and economic development in Mamasani Township? According to research hypothesis, there is a significant relation between the two variables political culture and economic development. Also, the political culture has a key role economic underdevelopment of Mamasani Township. The results show that the economic underdevelopment is related to political culture because of cooperative- limited and tribal political culture, economy risk and undesirable performance of brokers in Mamasani. The research method is descriptive- analytical using library resources.