POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (15)|Papers Count:6

Societal Security could be regarded as one of the modern security theories which because of its importance and high effects on understanding and managing security, it has become a predominant discussion. While leading Iranian writers do not have a native encounter with this foundamental concept and we are witnessing the proposition and propagation of the western narratives of this terminology in the country's scientific and functional society. From this aspect, different takes from “social dimension of security to the social security has been presented as the reference commentaries”.In this paper, researcher while questioning the whats and the governing principals a “societal security” in Islam has made efforts to definition and limitation of the conceptual boundaries of this terminology in the scientific debates of the Iranian society. In addition with utilization of the subject-made interpretation, blessed sura (chapters of Holy Quran) of, ARAF, YUNIS and SAFAT, has been analysed and has been inferred and presented as pillars of “societal security” in Islamic debates.On these bases social nobility of security in accordance with Islamic perspective has been judged and negated, but social foundation of the security is accepted.

Political participation as one of the varieties of participations is considered as one of the important indicators of political and social developments in countries. Political participation of university students that are considered as the largest population group in the developing countries and responsponsible persons for the administration of society in future, have special importance for political perseverance and dynamics of society.The main goal of writing this paper is to study the relationship between the feeling relative deprivation and political participation of the students in the University of Isfahan. This paper was conducted by measuring and descriptive method. This model included 188 students from university of Isfahan which were chosen by cluster sampling. For collecting in for mation, the method of questionnaire has been used. Analysis of the datas has been done by the use of regresion multiple variable analysis and with using spss16 soft-ware and Amos18 findings showed while there is no meaningful relationship between the feelings of economic deprivation and measure of normal political participations, but there is a negative relation between other dimensions of relative deprivations with the political participations and with the increase in feelings of relative deprivation the amount of political participation in every dimensions decreases.

The US after The September 11 (9/11) with obtaining world consensus created an unparalleled opportunity for herself that enabled has in addition to military presence and fighting the Talliban and extremists groups, in political, economic, cultural and social activities too. The main goal of Americans in this regard has been, to change the identity of Afghan people in accordance to its interests. Vulnerability of its allies and it’s failure in annihilation and eradication of Talliban and extremists groups with the passing of time, has increased the motivation of America for state building and nation building, so through this way and with downplaying its military defeat, create a favourable condition for its interests. In this paper effort has been made to answer this question, what dimensions the American policy in regards to state-nation building in Afghanistan has and why it has been defeated. The main hypothesis is lack of accurate knowledge and recognition of specifications and culture of Afghan people.

This paper makes an effort to look into the historical backgrounds of Islam and Christianity in Africa and while taking the continuous efforts by these two religions in this continent undess consideration, it points to the factors and basis of the success of Christianity and in fluence of the west and Christian organigations and also to their propagandistic methods in Africa.In addition, the reason for slow progress of moslims and Islamic countries in competing with Christians has been carefully studied. This paper also tries to take under consideration the modern methods used for spreading Christianity especially after the with drawal of the occupying military forces and establishment of soled social basis through free educational, health care and services in one hand and training of a generation of intellectuals that would gradually dominate governmental, economic and cultural infrastructures. The applicational phase of the present paper is, it could give a pattern to the Islamic countries in which on the basis of that while establishing policies to attract and spread of Islamic religion, it would give attention to the cultural and social circumstances and on the other hand implement their actions in and away from their internal differences.

The measure of statesmen's authorities in worldly and otherworldly affairs, jurisdiction and coefficient influence of religion and theologians in political affairs are among important matters that in the history of thought and political act has been the cause of remoteness, closeness and spinning of religion and politics in both arena of view and act. This paper with the usage of multi direction Hermeneutic has studied and compared the thoughts of Ibn Rushd and Aquinas, as two peripatetic claimant philosopher of composing religion and philosophy decided to find out in what way they would see religion and government together and in how and what extend they have tried to uniting and putting them together. to this purpose, this paper after explaining some of the bases of Ibn Rushd's and Aquinas thoughts that has been affective in shaping these two's political opinion, has shown that the direction taken by Ibn Rushd is more pro wisdom, therefore in measuring the relationship between religion and government, has not paid enough attention to the maximum aspect of the religion of Islam in scaling with the government, on the opposite Aguenas in spite of being bound to the christianity which lacks the religious law (shariat) has tried to give anarrative of the role of religion in relation with government, so the place and the jurisdiction of power of government and church would be specified and defined. We can say that both philosophers has considered the government incapable of reaching happiness which in view of both Aristatlic philosopher, is the ultimate level of political life, but they believe in independence jurisdiction or the government.

Strategic situation of Egyption in North Africa, it’s civilization background along with its influence among Arab nation has transformed Egypt to one of the influential governments in the political developments in Middle East and North Africa. Popular uprising in Tunasia and the down fall of the Ben Ali regime transmitted very fast to Egypt which resulted to the down fall of Hosni Mobarak after three decade. The down fall of the Mobarak Dictatorship was consequential to same crisis in the governmental level and society. The legitimacy crisis and efficiency crisis in the governmental level along with occurrence of some crisis in the society such as, increase in the gap between the classes of the society and spread of corruption made a favourable situation for the creation of a coalition movement against Mobarak regime in Egypt and his down fall. It seems that the existence of some factors in Egypt such as, growth of the new middle class in recent years, presence of parties with old records among the movement, like Ekhvan al Moslemin and this party’s endeavour for modernizing itself along with the development of the modern telecommunications, because of the globalization can facilitate the transition in Egypt to a democratic regime. of course, the existence of some factors such as, lack of defined leadership and the kind of the future regime in Egypt which can be seen in the slogans of the activists in the movement along with the efforts of the foreign forces for interference in Egypt’s developments and tendency among some of the activists in the movement towards violent behaviours are some of the challenges in the path of transition to democracy in Egypt.