POLITICAL KNOWLEDGE
Year:2015 | Volume:15 | Issue:1 (21)|Papers Count:7

“What is the Identity of security? ” it is the main question in new security studies that has resived different answers by basic security discourses. The approach of this article is limited to the principles of Prophet Mohammeds charater. For this author analysis Conceptual Framework of Security and shows that security has a socieatal identity in Islamic discourses. According to him Conceptual Framework has two levels: Micro Conceptual Framework (MiCF) and Macro Conceptual Framework (MaCF). MiCF analysis managing concepts of security in internal era and divides them to two groups: First. Concepts which manage relation between Musles. Second. Concepts which manage relation between Musles with Others. The results show us that Micro Conceptual Framework of Socieatal Security in Prophet Mohammeds Character is made of: Unification/ Brotherhood / Brotherhood/ Peace /Treaty /War and so on.

In this article, applying comparative analysis, we examine the experiences of nine developed and developing countries to better understand the common principles of policy evaluation systems. The findings are: 1. Political will and bureaucratic demand for evaluation, 2. Building capacity for evaluation, 3. Including effectiveness, efficiency and impact measures in policy evaluation systems, 4. Using performance indicators, 5. Creating incentives and penalties for performance outcomes, 6. Using both internal and external evaluations, 7. Creating a coordinating institution for policy evaluation systems, 8. Cultivating a sense of ownership for evaluation findings, 9. Publishing evaluation reports, 10. Further developing evaluation types and methods.

Civil friendship is one of most important category in Farabi's political philosophy. The question of this paper is that "what is the relationship between civil friendship and the kind of city in Farabi's thought?" Based on this question and with the method of philosophical content analysis of Farabi's political philosophy, it would be clear that civil friendship is the binding matter of members of city. Civil friendship shapes the form of cities, too. In fact, the knowledge which determines the happiness, would appear in a friendly matter that shapes all civil affairs and cooperation. Accordingly, the most important finding of this paper is that depending to the excellent matter to be followed by people as the members of city, the excellent city will shaped and based on matters as like pleasure, joy, power, and so, the opponent of excellent city (or ignorant cities) will appeared. So, based on the civil friendship, the different kinds of excellent and non-excellent cities will shaped and each city requires the certain relations between its members.

Discourse analysis of a country's political men statement discourse is important for explaining the approaches and views of that government.However, new media communications have created a communication platform for the construction of new ways to communicate and convey concepts. Virtual environments and social networks are the new features which also attracted the attention of governments to them. It causes the presence of political characters in virtual social environments. The presence of these characters in these environments created the opportunity for checking their views and comments more accurate.With this introduction, It seems that the presence of Alan E. Eyr - the Persian-language spokesperson of the United States Department of state - on Facebook requires more detailed study. by paying attention that this is the example of America's public diplomacy in against of some stratums of Iranians. Check out the performance and discourse analysis the subjects of official spokesman of America in the face of Iranian users is important. This analysis was carried out by using the Framing Theory in communications and media.Discourse analysis on published posts by Alan E. Eyr, within the nuclear negotiations in Geneva and Vienna, Represents an attempt to build trust for the government of America in the audience of the spokesperson of the US State Department.

Facing a torrent of separation after Islamic Revolution, even in early years of founding Iranian political factions have been separated. In several cases conflicts in political processes results in dissolution of the process or come in to conflict or political warfare. Given that, the article seeks to take first step to stabilize Iranian political parties and factions by building a survey on the roots of the parting, Since the trend of political developments is in a manner that demonstrates the maintenance of this trend in political developments. All discourse figures on three level of context, representation and social practice as Norman Fairclough argues, in this regard research findings will be classified on three levels of description, interpretation and explanation. The reason of factions in political processes according to conceptions of discourse analysis theory such as completion in semantics facing other semantics, Defining discourse through its oppositions, the impact of social changes on discourse and the Articulation mechanism and the reasons of factions in processes in each chapter will be discussed.

Today, media are pervasive and influential institution in production; reproduction and distribution of knowledge in the world. Much of the economic, cultural, political and social issues in national and international arena are presented in media environment. International and regional crises are not only communicated by the media, but they are constituted by media strategies and mechanisms. The aim of this research is to study presuppositions in Turkish news media discourse. To achieve this goal, this paper analyses presuppositions and their possible ideological reasons in the critical news article of Turkish newspapers on Syria crisis. Based on theoretical frameworks of critical discourse analysis and tools and techniques from the theoretical works of other disciplines (such as Semantics, Pragmatics), the research's data are analyzed.This analysis indicates that selected news article writers presuppose same knowledge about Syria crisis and their regional and global actors for political/ ideological reasons. This presuppositions have elements and components that constitute discourse of Syria crisis's portrayal in the news article of Turkish newspapers.