Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Year:2007 | Volume:2 | Issue:2|Papers Count:15

Objective: To measure statistically bone cortex to diameter (C/D) ratio in metocarpo/metatarsal and proximal phalanges in camel. This ratio may be used in diagnosing possible metabolic and nutritional diseases in camel.Design: Experimental study.Animals- Twelve camel limbs (6 fore limbs & 6 hind limbs).Procedures: This study was conducted on dorsopalmar/dorsoplantar radiographs of twelve fore and hind limbs of camel. Cortical thickness, bone diameter and C/D ratio of mid metacarpo/metatarsal regions, C/D ratio of metacarpo/metatarsal regions just proximal to its bifurcation and C/D ratio of proximal phalanges were measured on all radiographs. Available data were analyzed statistically and the average, P-values, and standard deviations are given. Important characteristic of measurements are discussed.Results: C/D ratios of mid metacarpal region and just proximal to its bifurcation were 0.18 and 0.13 respectively. C/D ratios of mid metatarsal region and just proximal to its bifurcation were 0.21 and 0.14 respectively. C/D ratios of mid lateral and medial proximal phalanx of forelimb were 0.21 and 0.22 respectively. C/D ratios of mid lateral and medial proximal phalanx of hind limb were 0.22 and 0.24 respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- This study showed that there were significant differences between C/D ratios of manus and pes measured in all locations except between metacarpal to metatarsal region just proximal to its bifurcation. No acceptable reason was found for this result so it can be attributed to measurement inaccuracy in this site.

Objective: Numerous reports documented the efficacy of honey in wounds healing, and several studies indicated that honey appears to be better than some modem methods of treatment. Medical and therapeutic properties of honey have been showed to be related to physicochemical and nature of component of it. The exact composition of natural honey depends on the region, mainly the botanicals; from where, they are derived. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of natural Urmia honey on bum wound healing Design- Prospective descriptive trial.Animals- Ten adult mongrel dogs, 4 to 5 years old, with mean weight of 20±4.25 Kg. Procedures: Bum wounds were created in dorso-lateral region of each dog, according to Hoekstra model. In treatment group (n=5), wounds were covered with a thin layer (10 ml) of natural honey. In control group (n=5); wounds were only washed with the same amount of normal saline. Wound healing was assessed clinically and microbiologically on 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of the experiment.Results: Wounds treated with honey had more improved healing appearance in comparison with the control wounds. Results showed that wounds of honey group healed faster than the other group (P<0.05). Also total bacterial count were lower in former group than the later one (P<0.05).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: According to the results of this study, topical application of natural honey has beneficial effect on experimental bum wound from clinical and microbiological points of view. Honey can be considered as a low cost, easily available and potent topical agent in treatment of bum wounds.

Objectives: To evaluate the most important bovine digital lesions in shahrekord area and its correlation with locomotion scoring. Study Design- Cross- Sectional descriptive study. Animals- five hundred and eighteen cows inspected in two seasons.Methods: Three dairy farms on three scales (1: Large, approximately 900 milking cows, 2: Medium, approximately 100 milking cows, and 3: Small, approximately 20 milking cows) were watched for lameness in 2005-2006. Locomotion scoring by Sprecher method (1-5 point scale) has been done for detection of lameness. Digital lesions in according to the area have been recorded. Sole ulcer, double sole and digital dermatitis were watched during study. Results were compared in different scores, parities, and days in milk (DIM).Results: Forty eight percent of the inspected hooves affected with different digital lesions in autumn that was lower than spring (58.8%). No statistical difference between prevalence of each disease were recorded between autumn and spring (p>0.05). Cows in score 1-5 were as 43.6, 46.9, 52.9, 61.8 and 77.7 % respectively, the number of affected digits (AD) significantly increased with the scores. More digital lesions were recorded in cows with higher scores. Digital Dermatitis (DD), sole ulcer (SU) and double sole (DS) show a significant difference between different scores as the highest distribution recorded in score 3. By increasing the locomotion scores (LS) the percent. of the lesions like DD and DS return to its original or lower than original level, but in SU the percent of the disease is still higher than percent of the animals in score 1 (p<0.05) that show the better ability of the scoring system in predicting SUoDD and DS was reduced significantly by increasing the parity, but SU significantly were increased by increasing the parity (P<0.05). No significant effect of days in milk has been detected on the prevalence of lesions under study, but descriptively most lesion was recorded in 31-60 days after parturition. Although percent of lesions decreased by parity but this decrease was not significant.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Digital dermatitis is the most prevalent lesion of the hooves in Shahrekord area. Lameness scoring is a reasonable tool in investigation of the lameness that is specially capable of detecting heel horn erosions like sole ulcer.

Objective: To determine if the pain of the third phalanx due to sidebone fracture in horses can be attenuated by analgesia of the distal interphlangealjoint and palmar digital nerve block.Design: Clinical study.Animals- Seven horses with unilateral forelimb lameness associated with hoof pain due to sidebone fracture.Procedures: Seven mix breed show jumping horses were selected from horses with unilateral forelimb lameness. Selection of the horses was based on the results of radiographic examination for fracture of the sidebone, response to the palmar digital nerve block and analgesia of the navicular bursa. Horses examined at walk and trot. Flexion tests and hoof tester examination of the lame forelimb were positive. Dorsopalmar radiograph examination revealed sidebone fracture. No abnormality was seen in other parts of the limb in lateral view radiographs. The horses did not shown any improvement 10 minutes after analgesia of the navicular bursa but the lameness improved profoundly after palmar digital nerve block. The lameness score was graded by the scale described by American Association of Equine Practitioners.Results: The lameness score was significantly reduced 5 minutes after palmar digital nerves block in walk and trot (P<0.05). No significant difference was seen in walk and trot 5 minutes after distal interphalangeal joint analgesia (P>0.05), but significant difference was seen in lameness grading 15 minutes after distal interphalangeal joint analgesia both in walk and trot (P<0.05).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- It is concluded that pain arising from the third phalanx problem like sidebone fracture, should not be eliminated as a possible cause of lameness, when lameness is significantly reduced by diagnostic analgesia of distal interphalangeal joint or palmar digital nerves block.

Objectives-To evaluate the clinical safety and feasibility of one layer suture pattern technique in gastrojejunostomy in dog in comparison to two layer suture pattern technique.Study Design-Elective experimental studyAnimals-Sixteen mix-breed healthy male and female dogsMethods-Sixteen healthy male and female dogs were randomly divided in two groups. In the control group the two layer side to side laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy were performed. In the case group the one layer anastomosis between stomach and jejunum were done. Clinical parameters include body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, CRT, mean surgical time, blood loss, surgical complications, CBC, total protein, albumin and weight loss were evaluated.Results-There were no significant differences between body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, CRT, CBC, total protein and albumin in both groups. There was significance difference between mean surgical time and blood loss and in two groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy with one layer closure technique based on clinical data revealed several advantages include feasibility, safety and less time consuming in comparison to two layer suture pattern technique.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and ultrasonographic alterations in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses with collagenase-induced tendinitis.Design: Experimental study.Animals: Five clinically normal adult horse.Procedures- Two thousand units of collagenase were injected in the center of the SDFT of forelimbs of each horse under ultrasound guidance. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate heat, response to palpation, presence of swelling, and lameness grade. Ultrasound images of the SDFT were recorded prior to injury and at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after injection. Images were digitized, and percentage of lesion, the echogenicity score (ES), and the fiber alignment score of the fibers (FS) at the maximum injury zone (MIZ) were measured. The sum of the core lesion from 8-20 cm distal to the accessory carpal bone was also measured.Results: Collagenase resulted in anechoic core lesion involving 20%-35% of the tendon cross section at MIZ. There were not any significant difference in the size, ES, and FS between all the days except between the first day and the other days. There were no significant differences between observations made of each structure in the left and right forelimbs of the same horse.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Collagenase-induced injury is ultrasonographically similar to naturally occurring injury and causes the same tendinitis in both left and right forelimbs and also in different horses. Tendon lesions using collagenase injection represent an experimental model for tendon injury in research trials.

Objective: To compare romifidine and xylazine premedication in ketamine anesthesia of the dog.Design: Experimental design.Animals: Fifteen cross-breed dogs.Procedures: Animals randomly allocated into three groups of five. Group G1 premedicated by xylazine 1mg/kg, G2 romifidine 40 mg/kg and G3 romifidine 80mg/kg intramuscularly. All animals premedicated with atropine 0.02mg/kg subcutaneously ten minutes before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced by 15mg/kg ketamine IM. Heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial blood pressure and eclectrocardiac activity beside quality of anesthesia were evaluated.Results: No significant differences were found between three groups around all recorded parameters.Conclusions and Clinical relevance: Usage of different doses of romifidine in canine species is possible without any unexpected outcome, 80mg/kg of romifidine make better onset of anesthesia.

Objective: To evaluate the healing potential of oleaster leave water soluble extract on skin wounds.Design: Experimental study.Animals: 30 male Spragne-Dawlyrats, randomly assigned in two equal groups. Procedures- Under general anesthesia, and following surgical preparation, two uniform skin defects were made by 7mm skin punch. The water soluble extract was then applied on half of the wounds for 7 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 8 and histopathologica and biomechanical samples were taken. Wound planimetry was also performed.Results: All the evaluated parameters in histopathological and biomechanical studies were significantly superior in treatment group in comparison with the control one. The surface area of the treatment wounds were also significantlyless than the control wounds.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: This study showed that oleaster leave extract has a pro-healing effect on the experimental skin wounds and it can be considered as an available herbal preparation with reasonable cost.

Objective: To detennine the possibility of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) and measurement of optical nerve sheet by this method.Design: Descriptive study.Animals: 10 mixed nonnal dogs (5males, 5 females), age 1-1.5 year, and weighting 15±5 kg Procedure- 3D ultrasounds of the eyes were evaluated and the normal optical nerves in 3DUS images were measured using Volouson 730 pro.Results: In the obtained 3D images vitreous body, anterior chamber, and lens cortex and nucleus showed a distinct anechogenic to hypoechogenic. Details of the eyes compartments were better observed by rotating the images in all possible angles and planes using 3D facilities. Anterior and posterior lens capsule and the optic disk were hyperechogenic. The mean optical nerve in males was: 3.85 mm and in females it was 3.86mm. There weren't a significant difference between ocular nerve measurements of male and female dogs and left and right eyes.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The 3DUS gives useful images for teaching and diagnostic purpose and Lesions of the caudal portion of the orbit (e.g. optic nerve atrophy) are better visualized by this technique. The results of the eye 3DU in dogs showed marked advantages in image acquisition for interpretation of all aspects of the ocular structures. Measurement of the optic nerve by 3D ultrasonography and other methods such as CT scan and direct measurement did not have any significant difference.

Case Description: A seven-year-old female terrier dog with a large mass in the posterior aspect of the right thigh was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.Clinical Findings: The hyperpigmented mass without any sign of inflammation, pain and redness was seen at the right thigh.Treatment and Outcome: The abnormal mass was removed surgically. Histopathlogic examinations confirmed the occurrence of myxoma.Clinical Relevance: Myxoma is a rare turnor in domestic animals especially dog and surgical treatment is the choice.  

Case Description: A two-year-old non-ambulatory intact male Pekingese breed dog was referred to private clinic.Clinical Findings: The clinical examination revealed non-weight bearing of hindlimbs, back pain and constipation, urinary continence with normal appetite.Treatment and Outcome: Reduction and stabilization were performed by transilial pinning. Defecation and urination became normal immediately the first day after operation and dog started gaiting and weight bearing, eighth days post-operation.Clinical Relevance: Transilial pinning technique changed the non-ambulatory dog to standing condition within 8 days and to athletic condition within six months after surgery.