Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Year:2006 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:15

Objective: To determine the effects of the Hydrocortisone on "in vitro" growth of fibroblasts isolated from the distal aspects of the horses limbs.Design: Experimental in vitro study.Animals: A total of 4 Caspian miniature and 4 mixed thoroughbred horses. Procedures- Under general anesthesia and aseptic condition, a full thickness of skin incision was created on the lateral aspects of the metacarpal mid-third and 3 grams of subcutaneous tissue was harvested and placed on culture medium (RPMI-1640) in an incubator at 37oC in 5% CO2. The Hydrocortisone was added in 3 different concentrations [treatment groups A (10 1/4g/ml), B (100 1/4g/ml), and C (300 Y4g/ml)] into the culture medium and cell counting was carried out after 4 days. The effects of Hydrocortisone added to control media were compared with a control media on fibroblast growth and viability. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey test.Results: There were no significant differences in fibroblast growth rate and viability percentage (p>0.05) between the groups control and A, but the groups Band C suppressed significantly the fibroblast growth and decreased viability percentage in compared with groups control and A (p<0.05), and also there were no significant differences between groups B and C in fibroblast growth rate and viability percentage (p>0.05).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The effect of Hydrocortisone on cultured fibroblast growth is dose-dependant. Application of this agent can inhibit fibroblast growth; therefore it can be used for treatment of exuberant granulation tissue and improving wound healing processes, especially in the distal limb wounds of the horses.

Objectives: To introduce laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy in dog in Iran.Study Design: Elective experimental study design. Animals: Four mix-breed healthy female dogs.Methods: Four healthy female dogs were undergone elective laparoscopic ovaryohysterectomy. Clinical parameters including: body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, appetite, surgical time, blood loss, surgical complications, CBC and pain scores were evaluated.Procedures: CBC of the dogs was not indicator of infection but the stress leuckogram was evident till 48 hours after the surgery. Median pain scores 2 and 4 hours after the surgery were low (pain scores less than 6) and 24 hours post operatively were very low (pain scores less than 2). The blood loss was minimum and the operations had no complications. Appetite, body temperature, respiratory and heart rate returned to normal values in a short period (48 hours).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy is safe and could be performed in a reasonable time with minimal pain in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate tail vertebra as an autogenous cortical bone and cancellous bone for filling ulnar segmental bone defect in dogs.Design: Experimental study.Animals: Eight adult mongrel dogs with an average age of 37.5 months and average body weight of 17.62 kg.Procedure: The animals were randomly divided into two groups. A bone defect (2.5-cm) was created on the middle portion of the right ulna in all dogs. Ulna was fixed by intramedullary pinning. In 5 dogs (test group) ulnar bone defects were filled with tail vertebra, after tail docking. Cancellous bone harvested from the iliac crest was also used to promote bone healing in the host-graft interfaces. In the other 3 dogs (control group) ulnar bone defects were not filled. Postoperative clinical assessment was included measurement of body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and evaluation of the degree of lameness. Radiographic assessment of bone based on the process of bone healing and consolidation of the host-graft interface, periosteal reaction, and soft tissue swelling were performed immediately and at the weeks 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 13 and 17 after surgery.Results: Significant difference (P<0.05) in the degree of lameness and soft tissue swelling were observed between the two groups. The difference of the mean of periosteal reaction was not significant between the two groups. Bone healing process was completed in the cortical autograft group and clinical union was observed in 100% of dogs in comparison with nonunion in 100% of animals in the control group.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The results of this study showed that tail vertebra can be used as an excellent material for filling of segmental ulnar bone defects in dogs.

Objective: The liver has a unique location in the body for performing multiple functions such as, metabolism, detoxification and synthesis. There are limitation for liver transplantation due to shortage of available donors and requires for sophisticated technology and support surgical teams. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatocyte transplantation into the spleen of animal model such as dog to establish basic condition for further studies.Design: In vivo experimental Study.Animals: Five Iranian indigenous mixed breed dogs of both sexes, 15.8±3 months old and 19.6±8.2 weighting were used in this study.Procedures: Ventral midline celiotomy was performed under general aneasthesia and liver sampls were obtained using suction technique by a 50cc syring and 14 gauge needle. Then obtained samples were injected into the same dog's spleen directly and also via splenic artery, the celiotomy incision sutured and the animal left to recover. On the16thpostoperative day, under general anaesthesia, the gross apearance of spleen were recorded and photographed and for histpathological evaluation, partial splenectomy was performed. The prepared sections were stained with Hemotoxylin Eosin [H & E] and Periodic Acid Schiff [PAS] and studied under light microscoy.Results: The gross evaluations of the removed spleen showed a whitish area at the injection site in all of the 5 transplanted dogs, spleen vessels had been dilated and enlarged in diameter. Microscopically the groups of hepatocytes in the center of lymphoid follicles in the white pulp were noted.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Hepatocyte transplantation could be useful for both supporting an acute liver failure and for surviving as a bridge to liver transplantation in terminal liver failure.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Artemisia sieberi extract on experimental dermal wounds healing.Design: Experimental study.Animals: 30 male Spragne-Dawly rats.Procedures: Two uniform 7 mm diameter skin defect were created on the back of each animal by skin punch (total of 60 wounds). Then, the extract of the plant was applied once daily on half of the wounds for histopathological and biomechanical examinations.Results: Artemisia sieberi extract caused a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts and capillary buds and also significant decrease in the epithelial gap which showed the better formation of healing tissue in treatment group. On the other hand, the improvement of biomechanical indices in treatment group revealed a significant increase in tensile strength of the wounds.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: It can be concluded that Artemisia sieberi is an effective herbal remedy in wound healing.

Objective: Obtaining the normal images of color Doppler and estimation of blood flow velocity parameters of femoral and axillary arteries in dog.Design: Descriptive study.Animals: 7 healthy adult mixed-breed dogs, weighing 14.3±2.8 kg (mean±SD).Procedure: Left and right femoral and axillary arteries of hind and forelimbs were evaluated. Color and spectral doppler images of the each artery were obtained. Values of peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean velocity, resistive index and pulsatility index were measured.Statistical analysis: Calculation of mean and standard deviation of measured parameters using Microsoft Excel 2003.Results: Color Doppler of both arteries showed a laminar flow with higher velocity in the center of flow. High-resistance flow pattern with triphasic flow velocity and plug velocity profile were observed in spectral waveform analysis of pulsed Doppler.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Results of this study can be useful for hemodynamic evaluation of femoral and axillary arteries diseases such as thromboembolism and arterial stenosis in dogs.

Objectives: Using conjunctival graft to replace experimental mucosal defects of teat sinus.Study: Experimental study.Animals: Five healthy, mature, lactating, Jersey cows.Methods: Conjunctival mucosal grafts with teat cannula were evaluated in the repair of experimental teat sinus mucosal lesions. A 1.5x1 cm wide circumferential strip of mucosa was resected from each teat in five Jersey cows. Each lesion was then treated by one of the three methods: 1. teat cannula (C); 2. Conjunctival mucosal graft and teat cannula (C+G); 3. Only mucosal graft (G). All teats were evaluated 4 weeks after treatment, for patency and luminal diameter by radiography and ultrasonic examination. The cows were euthanized, and teats were collected for histopathologic study.Results: The histopathologic and radiographic results showed that the conjunctival tissue of the teat was incorporated by the teat mucosal tissue. Some acanthosis in conjunctiva was observed, due to the stimulation of the teat cannula.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Conjuctival grafts can be used in teat mucosal defects when other therapeutic methods fail to keep the integrity of the teat sinus mucosa.

Objective: Although the promotional effects on bone healing of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been well demonstrated, the effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) remained unclear. In this study, effects of SMFs on clinical and biomechanical aspects of bone healing using a canine unstable osteotomy gap model were investigated.Design: Prospective descriptive trial.Animals: Fifteen mongrel dogs, 4 to 5 years old and weighing 15.5 to 21.3 kg.Procedures: After an osteotomy of the midshaft radius, bone healing was evaluated over an 8-week period in control dogs (n=5) and experimental dogs exposed to medium (700 gauss) (MSMF) and high (1500 gauss) (HSMF) magnetic fields (n=five/each group). Bone healing was assessed clinically and biomechanically.Results: Dogs exposed to HSMF had more improved lameness scores in contrast to the MSMF and control dogs. Significantly, greater forces (p<O.05) were required to break the osteotomized radii exposed to HSMF as compared with MSMF and control ones.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: These results suggested that using the osteotomy gap model, HSMF enhanced the clinical and biomechanical aspects of bone healing in dogs. Dogs at risk for delayed healing of fractures may benefit from treatment with HSMF.

Objective: Using the arthroscopic surgery technique for experimental transaction of cranial cruciate ligament and arthroscopic findings of stifle joint following ligament transaction.Design: Experimental study.Animals: Five healthy mixed breed dogs.Procedures: Five dogs (mean weight 27±3 kg, mean age 3 years) selected to study the stifle joint changes after experimental cranial cruciate ligament desmotomy. The cranial cruciate ligament of the one stifle joint was transected via arthroscopy in all dogs under general anesthesia. One month after cranial cruciate ligament desmotomy the arthroscopic examination of the joints was performed again. Lateral and antrioposterior radiography were also carried out before transected of the ligament and one month after ligament surgery just before second arthroscopy.Results: All dogs had various degree of lameness during the study and showed inflammatory changes in the joint. In all animals arthroscopic observation showed various degrees of the articular cartilage damage and meniscal injuries.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: According to the results of present study, the cranial cruciate ligament is vital to normal function and rupture of this ligament results in progressive and permanent degenerative changes within the joint.

Objective: To compare the effects of xylazine-ketamine and xylazine-thiopental on cardiac rhythm in dogs.Design: Experimental study. Animals: 15 mixed-bred, adult dogs of either sex.Procedures: Following premedication with xylazine HCI, either ketamine HCI or sodium thiopental were administered to dogs. Cardiac rhythm was evaluated before as well as 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes and 3 days after induction of anesthesia.Results: Sinus arrest/block and first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block were the most common arrhythmias observed after ketamine administration. During thiopental-induced anesthesia, ventricular premature beats with bigeminy pattern and sinus bradycardia were also recorded.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Concerning the documented effects of the aforementioned drugs on cardiac rhythm, arrhythmias might be induced by the combination of xylazine with both anesthetic drugs.

Objective: To determine the possibility and reproducibility of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) and comparison of the achieved measurements to normal two-dimensional ultrasonography (2DUS) Design: Descriptive study.Animals: 10 young mixed normal dogs, age 1.5-2.5 year, weighing 9.7-12 kg. Procedure: Renal width, length, and depth measured in coronal and transverse sections. The measurements were taken in both 2DUS and 3DUS scans. Each kidney was imaged five times in coronal and transverse section and the measurements were recorded for each image.Statistical analysis: Descriptive analysis, paired t-test.Results: The mean difference of the measurements obtained by 3DUS in compare with 2DUS was: 0.17 cm for renal length, 0.08 cm for renal width, and 0.13 cm for renal depth. There was no significant difference between 3DUS and 2DUS.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: In this study the correlation was seen between 3DUS and 2DUS.The 3DUS method gives us extremely useful images for teaching and diagnosing purposes. The 3DUS image presentation can also be easily demonstrated in rotating 3D animation.

Case Description: A 14 month old female Doberman dog, with a history of dysuria and the presence of a mass of tissue protruding through the vulva was referred to the Clinic of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman.Clinical Findings: In the clinical examinations, a large and firm mass of tissue was seen into the vulvar opening. Contrast radiography did not confirm the presence of urinary bladder into the protruded organ through the vulva.Treatment and Outcome: After owner's agreement, the protruded mass was amputated as a treatment of choice and some samples were taken for histopathological examinations. Histopathologic evaluations showed hyperplasia of the vaginal epithelium, especially in the basal layer, intracellular edema and spongiosis in the vaginal epithelium. According to the histopathological findings and our clinical observations, vaginal fold prolapse was confirmed.Clinical Relevance: Amputating the prolapsed vagina by using horizontal mattress suture pattern, in such cases is the treatment of choice.