JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:9

Objective: The purpose of this study is to illustrate the process of applying the “ new public management” approach in the country, the reasons for its inefficiencies, as well as its consequences. Methods: In this research, “ grounded theory” and the systematic design proposed by Strauss and Corbin were used. For collecting data, in addition to semi-structured interviews with experts and management specialists, secondary resources such as texts and archived interviews were used. In this research, purposive and theoretical sampling methods were used and the data were analyzed in the form of open, axial and selective coding. Results: The results of the research showed that convergence and mimicry of administrative transformation policies are among the main reasons to implement the “ new public management” approach in the country. The choice of the “ new public management” approach in the country considering the general and specific conditions governing the management system, has led to more inefficiency and increased negative outcomes of this approach. In addition, administrative, organizational, economic, social and political challenges have increased respectively. Conclusion: In a general conclusion, it can be said that the components of good governance are, in fact, the manifestation of the existence of the governance and non-governance capacities needed to implement a managerialism approach in a country. Without developing such capacities, the use of the new public management model in the public sector would surely end in far more negative consequences.

Objective: Given the importance of the relationship between government and people as one of the key issues in political discourse, and the shortage of relevant theoretical studies and research in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the purpose of this study is to develop a model of the relationship between government and people in Iran with an institutional approach. Methods: This research has been carried out using qualitative Grounded Theory method. The statistical population includes the experts who have practical knowledge and experience in the fields of public law and political structure of the government. These experts were selected using snowball sampling method and the data were analyzed using Atlas software. Results: Content analysis of the interviews resulted in introduction of "religious democracy" as the central issue of the relationship between the government and the people, which includes the main dimensions of benefits for the people, authoritarianism, divine rule and supervision and guidance. Besides, causative, mediating and moderating elements were identified and the final framework was developed. The findings showed that the ideological thinking of the statesmen, moderation, constitutional commitment, and domination of the rulers are the factors influencing the relationship between government and people. In addition, the type of the relationship between government and people can lead to consequences such as public trust, public satisfaction, legitimacy and social cleavage. Conclusion: Establishing a relationship between government and people based on the constitutional institution has positive effects such as satisfaction and public trust, and increases the legitimacy of the government among the people and provides the basis for the removal of the social cleavage.

Objective: Evaluation of cultural policy- making process in Islamic Republic of Iran which is identified based on cultural identity- needs a native pattern according to the religious culture of the Iranian community, because transmission of non-native evaluative patterns of cultural policy cannot be the gateway to this field. This research aims at identifying and forming utility indexes on each stage of the cultural policy-making process in Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: Research is conducted based on qualitative analysis of the three documents, cultural engineering map of the country, culture-related chapter of “the development prospects (1404)” and “Islamization of the country's universities”, using theme analysis as a process for analyzing text data. Results: Utility indexes on the cultural policy-making process are as follows: The understanding and realization of the problem stage including awareness and cognition, social growth, identity and deepening of the principles and religious education; The formulation of solution stage including efficiency, innovation, need-based and rational scientific issues; The legitimation stage including persuading and legal support; The implementation stage including synchronizing the time and place, structuring, soft and hard supplying and succeeding in legitimacy; and The evaluation stage including multi-level monitoring, continuous monitoring and intelligent monitoring. Conclusion: Evaluative model in the cultural policy-making process helps policy makers and enforcers and stakeholders, at the first step, to prevent potential damage in decisions and cultural activities. In the next step, if it fails to reach cultural goals, by referring to the proposed model, they could identify the obstacles and problems and tend to solve them.

Objective: Interactive policy-making theory is one of the most recent theories in the field of public policy-making. An interactive policy is a process in which several groups are actively involved and jointly make a decision. Regarding the status of the policy-making process in the Islamic Republic of Iran, there is a strong need for such mechanisms so that they can act against the infamous phenomena such as money laundering. Money laundering is one of the most significant examples of administrative corruption that occurs in most of the countries of the world. The purpose of the present research is to use an interactive policy approach to formulate a model to resist money laundering that is developed exclusively in the Islamic Republic of Iran banking system. Methods: The mixed research method is applied in this research (comprising both qualitative-quantitative and qualitative research methods) that uses exploratory sequential approach to collect qualitative data and then uses theme analysis to collect quantitative data. Results: According to the research findings, 285 indicators were extracted from interviews and local and international literature. Among these indicators, 59 main themes, 16 organizing themes and 5 inclusive themes were identified. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, the application of interactive policymaking approach in formulating an anti-money laundering model provides a participatory and managerial approach that can be influential in combating money laundering based on knowledge and using participatory interactions of effective players.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to understand the informal accountability of governmental executives in inter-organizational network i. e. to understand how norms, expectations, informal interactions and interpersonal behaviors among Iranian governmental executives reveal themselves as informal accountability? Methods: The present research is a case study based on interpretativism using qualitative approach. The planning and development council of Zanjan province was selected as the case to study. Then, based on snowball sampling and to collect data, in-depth interviews with a sample of 22 government executives were conducted. Qualitative content analysis through MAXQDA software was used to analyze the data. Results: This research showed that informal accountability can be elicited within informal interactions through discretionary activities of council members. Individual interests, being beneficent to people, ethics and values, personality and leadership style of managers, and background variables are factors influencing the effective management of informal interactions. Council members are trying to keep each other accountable for unwritten norms and laws during the course of informal interactions, and their only means of enforcing this issue are the pressure and support that they apply to each other. Conclusion: The present research extended the theoretical framework provided by Ramesz et al. (2012, 2013) on informal accountability in the network between private organizations and the public sector and among intermediate managers. This study also identified the ineffectiveness of the administrative system, the inappropriate selection system and appointment of managers and the pressures of political officials as the most important challenges, and the sharing of information and regulatory culture as the most important opportunities for governmental executives to take on informal accountability.

Objective: Iran's talent-related policies have been formulated and implemented to solve the public problems of the country by taking advantage of the talents. In fact, these policies are associated with the theoretical domain of talent research studies that examines the nature of the talent and how to use those talents. Therefore, this paper sets out to identify the prevailing talent research approaches in I. R. Iran's talent policies and to identify the nature of the relationship between these two issues. Methods: This paper is conducted based on the archival research approach using comparative method for identifying talent research approaches as a coding framework for the qualitative content analysis strategy using meta-synthesis approach. Results: We have identified seven approaches in talent research studies: "philosophical", "single factorial", "multi factorial", "subjective", "objective", "generalistic" and "domainbased". Then, we analyzed the content of talent policies and related policy research studies accordingly. This paper reveals that the dominant approaches are the "generalistic" and the "subjective" approaches. Conclusion: Surprisingly, we found out that the lack of a comprehensive talent management theory in designing talent policies has led to a combination of opposing approaches.

Objective: The management of city affairs is done through sustainable and unsustainable incomes, and in Iran, the highest rate of sustainable incomes make up about 30% of the total incomes. Therefore, in Iran, the challenge of achieving sustainable incomes for local government is of great importance. The present study aimed to identify methods, resources and barriers to achieving sustainable urban income in Urmia municipality. Methods: According to the subject, the method of qualitative research was carried out through completing a checklist on the agenda with 12 scientific and executive experts who had been selected through the snowball sampling method. They had sufficient control over the concept of sustainable urban income and relied on this type of income in their responsibilities while they are familiar with different dimensions. Open and deep interviews were conducted and the results of the interviews were analyzed based on the theme analysis technique. Results: Based on the results of the study, the following 10 themes were identified as methods: “ investment” , “ outsourcing” , “ financial management” , “ information technology” , “ organizational assessment” , “ research” , “ delegating governmental authority” , “ human resources” , “ communications” and “ miscellaneous” . There were also 6 themes identified for resources: “ tolls” , “ Land and buildings” , “ cost management” , “ bonds” , “ advertising” and “ miscellaneous” and finally the following 8 themes were identified as barriers to sustainable urban incomes: “ manpower” , ” injustice” , “ transparency” , “ performance weakness” , “ corruption” , “ law” , “ people” and “ miscellaneous” were identified. Conclusion: In this research, the methods, resources and barriers to achieving sustainable incomes in Urmia municipality were presented as well as suggestions for increasing this type of income. In short, it should be stated that the Urmia municipality will attain a decent level of sustainable incomes, if it will be able to consider the proposed ideas in this study.