SEED AND PLANT IMPROVEMENT JOURNAL
Year:2011 | Volume:27-1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Oroum is a new bread wheat cultivar originated from the cross between cultivar Alvand and an exotic wheat line (NS732/Her) at Oroumieh Agricultural Research Station in 1995-96 cropping season. The F1 plants were grown in Oroumieh in 1996-97 cropping season, however F2-F5 population and regional preliminary yield nursery were grown and evaluated at Miandoab Agricultural Research Station during 1997-2002 cropping seasons. Oroum was tested as C-83-7 prior to release. The performance of Oroum was evaluated in national cold breeding nursery trials during 2002-06 cropping seasons. Oroum yielded with an average of 7382 vs. 7254 kgha-1 for Shahryar (national check cultivar) in 12 stations of cold zone in 2004-06 cropping seasons. Oroum is resistant to yellow rust while Shahryar was reported very susceptible. It is a facultative type of wheat with average plant height of 88 cm. Grain color of that is amber with thousand kernel weight of 43 gram. Oroum has grains with average protein and gluten contents of 11.1% and 28%, respectively. Oroum was officially released in September 2010 for cultivation in irrigation condition in cold regions of Iran.

To study genotype X environment interaction, stability of eighteen new winter safflower genotypes together with two cultivars Padideh and Goldasht were evaluated in four different environmental conditions of Karaj, Isfahan, Darab and Zabol. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design with four replications carried out for three years (2006-2009). The analysis of variance for seed yield showed significant differences among the genotypes. The effects of genotype x year, genotype x location and genotype x year x location were also significant. Stability parameters such as S2i, S2di, CVi, W2i, d2i, bi and SDR were estimated for each genotype, and based on the mean of seed and oil yields, coefficient of regression equal to unity, less deviation from regression and other stability parameters, genotype K.W.2 with the highest seed yield (2862.2 kgha-1) and good stability was selected as a desirable genotype.

In this study, 183 lines/cultivars of bread wheat used in crossing blocks of breeding programs for temperate and cold climatic zones of Iran were analyzed for high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW), and their alleles and quality genome scores were determined. Results showed that 60% of the genotypes had a quality genome score of 8-10 and 40% less than 8. In case of Sorkhtokhm and Kavir cultivars and line Kauz/Sorkhtokhm an allelic combination was observed in Glu-D1 locus which resembles 2+10. This allelic combination was determined in this report with 2.1+10*. Since the 183 genotypes of crossing nursery of temperate and cold climate breeding programs had been grouped to 17 subsets based on different characteristics, the results of this study determined several genotypes within each group with higher score for quality. These highlighted genotypes could be used for development of new germplasm with better bread making quality.

This experiment was carried out in an apple orchard in Khodabandeh, Iran during 2007 and 2008, to investigate the effects of three apple rootstocks (M9, MM111, and MM106) on some characteristics of Delbarstival apple cultivar. The experimented trees were 6 years old on stage of commercial cropping. The experiment was planned in a randomized complete block design with three treatments (rootstocks) and six replications. Results indicated that rootstock affected leaf chlorophyll content, average of leaf area, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA), tree height, primary fruit number, yield and yield efficiency. Minerals concentration of leaf such as N, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, B and Cu were influenced by rootstocks. The highest leaf chlorophyll content, tree height and N, Fe, B and Cu concentrations of leaf were measured for scions grafted on MM111, but flower number, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and Cu and Mn concentrations of leaf were higher when grafted on MM106. Delbarstival apple cultivar on M9 rootstock produced the highest yield/ha and yield efficiency.

Fifteen sufflower genotypes selected from collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran were assessed in two separate experiments of normal and stress conditions in randomized complete block design with three replications. Both experiments were irrigated to the time of 50% heading based on 80 millimeter evaporation form class A evaporation pan. From this time on, irrigation was performed based on 180 millimeter evaporation in drought stress experiment. Genotypes 532 from Spain, IL111, 633.1 and 642.2 from Iran and 772.1 from USA had the highest and genotypes 753.2 and 581 the lowest seed yield in both conditions. In principal component analysis on the basis of drought resistance indices, the first two components comprised 96.9% of the total variation in data. Based on the coefficients of indices, the first principal component indicated stress tolerance and the second principal component expresses high yield potential in favorable condition. DRI index was calculated in order to differentiate the variation of seed yield in stress condition from potential seed yield and time of maturity. Coefficient of determination for regression of yield in stress condition on yield in non-stress condition and days to flowering (0.61) indicated that only a part of yield of genotypes in stress condition is affected by potential yield and time of maturity. Cluster analysis located the genotypes within three groups of tolerant, intermediate and susceptible.

To study genotypic diversity of prune and plum, 18 quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 38 genotypes were evaluated based on IBPGR descriptor. Results of variance analysis showed that most of the characteristics in evaluated genotypes were significantly different indicating high variation in characteristics. Simple correlation analysis showed positive and negative correlations among some important characteristics. Factor analysis indicated that fruit and stone shape, flower size, flower colour, self-fertility and date of flowering are the component of the main factors. Effective characteristics were categorized in five factors accounted for 76% of total variance. Eigen value more than 0.7 was considered significant for each factor. Cluster analysis in the distance of 9, divided genotypes into four main groups. These groups mainly differed in fruit and stone shape, self- fertility and stone adherence to flesh and had effective role in cluster organizing.

Two greenhouse-cucumber cultivars, Festival and Negeen that are resistant and susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum, respectively, were used for histopathological studies. On days 3, 6, 10 and 18 after artificially inoculation with fungal plugs that were placed as close as possible to the crown and root of seedlings, samples were prepared from crown and roots of infected plants. After sectioning, fixation and staining, samples were investigated microscopically. Cortex tissue discoloration, tissue disintegration, development of mycelium in cortex of root and increasing in production of pectic compounds occurred in infected tissues. Pathogen growth, disintegration and discoloration in resistant cultivar restricted to the superficial layers of cortex, while in susceptible cultivar these phenomena developed in whole root system and reached to the vascular stele. The pectic compounds production in infected tissues started a few days after inoculation and the level of these compounds in resistant cultivar was higher than susceptible cultivar at day 18 after inoculation. According to these results, cell wall rigidity and level of cell wall pectic compounds can be considered as two important components of resistance in breeding programs for development of resistant cultivars to the disease.

To identify drought tolerant genotypes, 62 kabuli type chickpea genotypes with two control cultivars (Jam and Korosh) were evaluated in a simple lattice design (8×8) under two conditions (stress and non-stress) in the research field of Agricultural College of Tehran University in 2010. MP, GMP, HARM and STI indices were used as drought tolerance indices for screening tolerant genotypes. Based on the results of principal components analysis, the first component which explained 65.84 percent of data variations (as a component of potential and sustainability yield and drought tolerance), and the second component which explained 33.59 percent variations of the data (as a component of sensitivity to stress), genotypes no. 2, 120, 139, 357, 356, 239 and two control cultivars Jam and Korosh were recognized as tolerant genotypes with high yield, and genotypes no. 236, 323, 306, 525 and 318 as drought-sensitive genotypes. Cluster analysis based on MP, GMP, HARM, STI and DRI indices and yield under stress and non-stress conditions classified genotypes into four clusters that most of the drought tolerant genotypes were located in the first cluster and most of the drought-sensitive genotypes with the largest distance were located in the fourth cluster.

Iranian native apricots belong to Irano-Caucasian eco-geographical group and as Asian apricots show the common type of self-incompatibility in prunus species, gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI). This research was organized to clarify the right situation of a group of apricot cultivars and genotypes planted in an experimental orchard in the province of Emilia-Romagna (Italy) for their S-genotype using fruit set test in-field after controlled crosses, following pollen tube growth after hand pollination in laboratory, and PCR-based analysis. The efficiency of some previously applied primers in S-genotyping of Prunus members was tested and confirmed here. To support the data, the amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. It was found that the integration of results obtained via applied methods in this work can give more accurate results in apricot s-genotyping and being content with electrophoresis patterns some times gives doubtful results. Finally the s-genotype of examined cultivars was determined.

In this study for the first time the possibility of using stomatal guard cells chloroplasts counting and flow cytometry as a simple and easy alternative method for determining the ploidy level in Onobrychis was evaluated. Three randomly selected middle leaves of greenhouse grown plants were used for chloroplast counting in twenty pairs of stomatal guard cells per each leaf. Chromosome numbers were also determined in root tip squashes of studied plants. The ploidy level was highly correlated (r=0.95) with the number of chloroplast in stomatal guard cells of lower surface of the leaf. Number of chloroplasts in tetraploid species O. viciaefolia. And O. altissima was approximately twice as many as the number of chloroplasts in diploid species O. mazanderanica, O. amoena subsp. meshhedensis, O. amoena subsp. amoena, O. subnitens, O. schahuensis, O. chorassanica, O. michauxii and O. pulchella . With compare the peak and the ratio of mode of the control sample (O. amoena subsp. amoena) and the other samples, ploidy levels of samples were estimated and this ratio in tetraploid species was approximately twice as many as the ratio in diploids species. Our results suggest that these methods can successfully be used for determination of ploidy level in Onobrychis species.

Ninety barley Doubled haploid lines originated from crossing between six barley cultivars in Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew and some agronomic traits in field in 2007. Six parent cultivars and a powdery mildew susceptible check cultivar, Afzal were also included. Sixty two doubled haploid lines showed high levels of resistance and twenty eight lines were susceptible or moderately susceptible, indicating that the crossing program was successful in transferring resistance from parental cultivars to doubled haploid lines. Lines of group B1 (cv. Legia x Rihan) were all resistant while lines of group B6 (cv. Rihan x Legia) were all susceptible to powdery midew. Lines of group B2 (cv. Igra x Riham) with average 211.80 days to maturity were the most early maturity lines, and line of group B3 (cv. Igra x Kavir) with average 56.10g of 1000kw were the most high yielding lines.