INTERDISCIPLINARY QURANIC STUDIES
Year:2019 | Volume:9 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:13

The main criteria recommended by the Infallibles (AS) to ensure the authenticity of Hadiths is Quran-based critique or comparing Hadith to the Quran. This study, using the descriptive-analytical method, after assessing the status of Quran-based critique of Hadith, enumerates the main roots of a lack of benefiting from the Quran in critique of Hadith. They include “ resorting to pretexts and justifications for not accepting the authenticity of this criteria” , “ a belief by some Muslims that the Companions (of the Prophet) were just (and trustworthy) which, consequently, leads to the belief that some Hadiths in certain available sources must be correct” , “ a wrong assumption about the independent status of Hadith beside the Quran” , “ a wrong understanding of the status of attributed Hadith and definite Sunnah” , and “ the fear that the credibility of some Hadiths in the available sources may be undermined” . As for the foundations of the Quran’ s reference status in critique of Hadiths, the study found, based on examples of comparing Hadiths to the Quran by the Shia Imams (AS), that the majority of the studies conducted on Quran-based critique of Hadiths have lacked a Hadith view and been based on personal views and other sciences.

Ujrat ul Misl (compensation for one’ s work) of the tenant or manager in managing other’ s property is among issues about which the law has remained silent just as it has been silent about other related issues such as civil liability, characteristics of manager, conditions for managing the property and conditions of the property being managed, etc. This paper, using the descriptive-analytical method, seeks to prove that, based on verses of the Quran, manager of other’ s property does not deserve to receive Ujrat ul Misl. In view of most jurists and scholars, the main reason for Hisbah is the verses related to Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong. Apart from several verses in which there is the term “ Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong” , it seems that other verses, including even verses related to managing other’ s property can be considered verses of Hisbah, given the extension of the concept of Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong by some jurists and thinkers who deem Hisbah the same thing as Enjoining Good and Forbidding Wrong. May be it could be said that based on the principle of respect for action, manager deserves Ujrat ul Misl of his action. However, the main purpose is studying if manager deserves Ujrat ul Misl based on verses of the Quran and God has frequently promised great reward in the Hereafter for His servants and described Himself as the greatest Muhasib (bookkeeper).

The fallibility of human knowledge, nature of supplementation and hybridity of science necessitate interdisciplinary studies in humanities. Quranic knowledge, studying the two branches of Quranic sciences (in particular) and Quranic teachings, is included in the field of interdisciplinary studies. On the other hand, educational and related concepts in educational sciences are part of academic fields. Hence, given the significance of such studies, this paper has been written with the aim of identifying research areas for interdisciplinary studies in the two fields of Quranic knowledge and educational sciences. This study, which is a library research, has been conducted using the descriptive method. The statistical society of the research comprises library resources and related documents. In order to achieve the objective of the research, measurement criteria and weights identified by Feizi and Naqizadeh have been used. Using these, the researcher has analyzed data sources of each of the weights in the fields of educational sciences and Quranic teachings. Findings show a need for more studies on educational sciences in informal education. Also, in Quranic knowledge, the amount of research is higher in the branch of Quranic teachings. Moreover, Quranic research is possible in all three kinds of education but it has the most weight in informal education.

Whether Nikah Mut'ah (temporary marriage) was abolished by revelation of a verse of Quran has been a source of conflicting Fatwas and extensive debates between Shia and Sunni jurists given the different foundations of jurisprudence in Shia and Sunni Islam. This research seeks to investigate and analyze Shia and Sunni scholars’ views in this regard. The conclusion of this research after analysis of the jurists’ reasons is that on the one hand, Sunni scholars refer to Quranic verses that either are not meant for Naskh (abrogation) or are for conveying a ruling. Accepting some interpretations of the verses would even entail insulting the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as Sunnis have said that women who have married the Prophet (PBUH) via Nikah Mut'ah can neither be considered Zawjah (wife) nor Milk Yameen (slave). As for narrations, aside from their weak Isnaad (chain of transmission), they contradict Hadiths about Mut’ ah being halal and continuing to be Mubah during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) and afterwards. Given the unanimous view of Sunni and Imamiyah scholars about the authenticity of the Hadthis, those that consider Nikah Mut’ ah as being halal are preferred. Even if one does not take these two aspects into account, there would be yet another problem arising from the stark contradiction of these narrations, because accepting all of them requires accepting numerus rulings on Mut’ ah.

With the growing level of scientific and scholarly studies, it is becoming more difficult for researcher to gain a comprehensive recognition of scientific sources. So far there has not been complete information about scientific sources and, sometimes, researchers studying in the field of Quran and law find it difficult to learn about sources. This study is a library research seeking to introduce sources of interdisciplinary studies on Quran and law. It first seeks to introduce printed sources in the field of Quran and law, which will lead to new and complete writings by researchers in the field. This will help researchers identify the sources and subjects covered and recognize research gaps, which will provide grounds for planning to remove flaws and fill the gaps. Also, a research proposal titled “ Descriptive Bibliography of Quran and law” has been presented at the end of the paper the realization of which is another objective of this writing. In the second phase, the purpose and problem of the research has been determining the number of writings in the said field. A total of 428 sources (227 in Persian and 151 in Arabic) about Quran and law are introduced in this writing. Surely, knowing the sources helps prevent duplication and conducting repetitive researches and enrich future studies and writings.

The issue of predestination and free will has long been among the most basic issues in philosophy and debated by philosophers and thinkers. Some have believed in absolute predestination and some others, like Muʿ tazila, believe in absolute free will. However, the saying “ La jabr wala ikhtiar, bal amr-i bayn al-amrayn” (There is no free will or predestination, but the station in between) we have received from the Infallible Imams (AS) has been proven to be true in specialized neurology labs. In this paper, neurological studies about free will, related Quranic verses, and other psychological and neurological views related to the issue have been taken into consideration. Benjamin Libet is a neurophysiologist who discovered a new understanding of consciousness during his studies on the brain. He writes that the brain begins responding to an external stimulus before making a conscious decision (i. e., the response is already there, and this is what we call predestination). This paper cites from verses of the Quran, views of Carl Jung, and interpretations of poets Rumi and Hafiz on the issue of sublime predestination and destiny and then investigates neurology of transcendence in neuroscience. One can develop humanity’ s horizons in terms of religious understandings by reflecting on them and their relation with new sciences.