Geography
Year:2009 | Volume:7 | Issue:22|Papers Count:10

This Research is an sttempt, with a Geographical-Political Approach, in order to study of the following subject: -.The perspective of internal and external scholars from the geographical concept of nation, considering this theme. - The position of "the concept of nation" in Iranian thought, from "the Ghajar epoch" to "the Islamic Republuc" (the constitutions of Iran). -.The review of the internal and external research's opinions about the concept of nation in Iran, Its success and failure from the beginning to the present era.

Nowadays mobility is decreased highly because of using modern tools like elevator and escalator, information technology tools such as computer, internet, changing in life style, the kind of jobs and living in apartments in metropolises. Indeed, low mobility is a main factor in increasing death, diseases and inability. The goal of present paper is the study role of municipality in development of sport spaces in zone 6 of Tehran Municipality. To this end, recent activities of municipality in providing sport spaces for spending leisure time and programs and strategies present for feasibility of one of the main function of municipality as well. The type of study is practical, the method of collecting data is documentary and survey, and research methodology is analytical -descriptive. The concluded results show that municipality has the second rank in providing sport spaces after private sector. But there are some weakness points in the function of municipality because of not having enough budget, not affording of municipality of zone 6, lack of stable position in exercise, and lack of sustained relationship between municipality and other sectors. Therefore, at the end offering some procedures and effective proposals with regard to the existing situation for coherent and sustainable municipality act in this important role is from achievements of this research.

Referring to the role of rural settlements in national development, the governments take the endeavor to obtain the national investments. This article tries by a case study to show, whether the state investments aimed rural development achieved their formal predicted goals. During 1979-2008, there have been 127041.8 million rls. in the villages of Waravi District invested, but the study shows little changes in the socio-economic situation of the rural settlements of the District.

Numerous studies have indicated the unsustainable consequences of the ongoing global development  which itself is the function of population, consumption pattern, and consumption per capita variables. In this vein, urban dwellers have the decisive share in these negative impacts. Bearing in mind that the major growth of world urban population will take place in developing countries, achieving sustainable development is the rampant preoccupation for them. On the other hand, the conventional urban planning (i.e. comprehensive physical planning), despite some achievements for urban management, has been unable to redirect the city developments towards sustain ability due to its approach and its theoretical shortcomings. In the present article, Shabestar city has been studied from the social, economical, managerial and infrastructural aspects considering the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats based on sustain ability indexes. Gathered data were analyzed in a systematic study by using SWOT and AHP models. The results of this study show that Shabestar city is in an unstable state. To .change this state, relying on citizen's participation associating enabling policies, delineation of integrated management strategy of the city incorporating capacity building, paying attention to socio-economic and cultural processes in the city and finally, commitment to local community development and good urban governance, via new methods of urban planning (i.e. city development strategy) can be effective on bringing about sustain ability for Shabestar city.

The results showed that dust occurrence has an increasing trend in Sabzevar within the study period with a higher likelihood during May and June. Also more than 71 percent of the duststorms occurred during the afternoon. Dominant wind within the annual Wind Rose and Dust Rose is from east. Annually 85.4 percent of overall wind flow and 81.36 percent of dust-flow blow in east-west direction. Hence it seems that a new canal is created at this direction. This finding is in harmony with topographical conditions of the area. Annual "Dust Rose" showed that average speed for Dust Winds is 8.75m/s and about 50 percent of them have speed of over 9m/s. The study of monthly Dust Rose indicated the influence of different atmospheric systems over the formation of Dust events in Sabzevar. From May to September, duration of sun shine increases and extensive plains and playas within the area has led to the predominance of thermal systems with prevailing "Dust Wind" direction from east. From October to May, eastern Dust Wind is decreasing but western and south western Dust Winds increasing due to the predominant of the western systems. For example, prevailing wind direction according to the Wind Rose in February is from east but dominant Dust Wind direction at the same period is completely from west. Comparison of the monthly "Resultant Vector" over the year supports such a behavior. This study can be useful for controlling of the dust sources and to help the regional planning towards a sustainable development.

The discussion of subdivision and partition of estates is the most important urban affairs and the foundation and base of balanced growth of cities and implementation of comprehensive (master) and detailed plans and default regulations in mentioned plans. In fact, it is possible that to achieve many goals of comprehensive and detailed plans with using of principal terms, by controlling and supervision of subdivision of estates. Subdividing of estates, in fact, to seemed the basis for constitution of buildings mass and space and urbanized forms to the scale of neighborhood and area; because spaces and buildings is creating on basis of the type of subdivision of estates. Therefore, while subdivision of estate shapes on the base of urbanism's rules and regulations, the quality of framework of city advanced. This essays is written, by method of documentary studies. In this essay, reconsider subdivision and partition of estates, and considers legal problems which is in the regulations of subdivision.

The capital as center of political power Center and state backrest usually includes all political, cultural, ethnical, historical, economic, managerial, technical and relational factors. The capital regarding to its political, economic and cultural functions, behaves as a efficiency symbol and capacity of all existing that state potentials. In political geography, if territory, state and nation are considered as three essential elements, undoubtedly capital as center of state direction and its driving force and center of gravity gain significance in political geography. While the state, whenever notices that its capital has not enough efficiency in its political geography system and also in world geopolitical order, that will try to resolve this political geography problem with transferring the capital to a new place. Ankara was choose the capital of Turkey, because Istanbul had not enough efficiency of supplying survive and governing system of new Turkey in state political geography and also in world geopolitical order. Nonetheless different factors can be impressive in transferring the capital. Hence, by studying Turkey's capital transferring from Istanbul to Ankara, main purpose of this article is to study and explore basic factors in capital transferring process.

Between the small towns of a area and the major city, there are some kinds of space relationships. The density of these relationships can cause a increase in variety of jobs, forming of new institutes, increasing the functional levels and dynamic of the space organization of the area. Because of the dynamic of space organization is of the introduction to development, the subject has been studied in Marand area. In order to do this, the kinds of space relationships existed between the small towns of Marand area and the major city, on the basis of the defined diversities for the kinds of the relationships, the measurement, and the cities on the basis of the rate space relationship rank, has been classified. Which on the basis of these estimates, the cities "Kosksaray""Yamchi"Zonuse"Bonab" jadid accordingly got the ranks from one to four and then by the use of the central weightness indexity the ranking of  unctional level of the small towns of the area were studied ,which on the received results the cities Kosksaray""Yamchi''''Zonose ""Bonab jaded" accordingly got the ranks on from one to four and finally with the studying correlation rate of the results of ranking of the space relation as an independent variety and the results of functional levels of the cities as an dependent variety, were cleared that in Marand area there is a meaningful relation between the dynamic of space organization and the space relation of small towns of the area and the major city. So with the reforcement of space relationship, we move toward the development on this area level.

The women have important role in rural society as an effective group. Therefore, increasing the women skills has a important role in economic and social increasing the rural family and thereupon in rural life. At this article we study the relation between the level of ICT use and women abilities with analytical and descriptive method in Gharnabad case. The result of this research shows that women in high level of use of ICT have a higher level of ability. In ability dimension (economic, social, politic and psychological) the impacts of ICT on Individual and psychological dimension is obvious. In other hand, use of ICT has a significant correlation with change of viewpoint of women role in rural society.