Geography
Year:2014 | Volume:11 | Issue:39|Papers Count:25

Examining systematically the spatial nature of geographic phenomena is an effective approach by the geographers. Towards this, the study of rural settlements and dwellings, as spatial phenomena, can help tracking and broaden the approach. This article attempt, with reference to affecting factors and forces, to review the structure-functional characteristics of turkman dwellings in Bojnord (North Khorasan), in one hand, and to reveals their role in creating the public space and the whole landscape of villages, in other hand. The methodology is based on “structural-functional dynamics”, a view in spatial paradigm and the research methodic is an inductive one, based on field observation, using surveying and interview techniques. The results of this paper shows, that the governing structural function dynamics (containing elements and attributes of environmental, cultural, social, economic and ethnic spheres) order systematically all inner relationships within the rural settlements and thus, evolved and shaped the turkman-dwellings in this region.

This paper discuses Iran region unbalance with viewing at relational comparative to political economic and regional development has result that approach of medical factors of political economic with ineffective regional markets is basic factor in unbalancing regional development of Iran. to notice to important of economical making indexes in bodjet system and state management display that Iran economical geography centralize from 1373 to 1385 of budjet total about 39.78 percent in seven provinces and instead share the other provinces of common budjet (omrani and jari budjet) is about 5.4 percent in these years. This topic is in relative to first level of Iran political economic with third level display violent unbalance in political economic of spatial (territory wideh, population dispersal and centralization and …). This research analysis economical geography of Iran with gestalt theory and Zero – sum game model. Hance achieving to regional development in Iran to need to recognize political economy of spatial of Iran with norm modeles and analysis (research methodology) and to notice historical rol of Iran state.

Geography is as a science the study of systems in geographic space. Based on the region as a system that its output and product should be a balance and excellence in live interactions: it should studied base on the systematic view. Therefore, emphasis on the urban and rural area as a starting point for planning is the only way to achieve sustainable development. In this paper, a network of regional balanced development is discussed in perspective of urban and rural hierarchical relations in Qazvin region. In these paper discussed with descriptive - analytical method documents and related resources in this area. In this paper in the first place it has been reviewed scientific references in order to analyzed theoretical foundations of the field (though briefly) regional planning, and the next aspect is presented of hierarchical urban and rural areas relationships in Qazvin based on the amount of load carried indicator (in ton). Based on surveys conducted in Qazvin region rural and city areas relationships are very limited and this affected by mechanisms such as the service concentration and change in rural and urban functions and other cases.

Caspian Sea as the largest sea enclosed in the dry, with diverse ecosystem and substantial resources of oil and gas as well as strategic location and Geo economically, with the collapse of the Soviet Union in December 1991 by the Great Powers trans-regional, especially America and Europe Union on the one hand, and China, Turkey and Israel On the other hand, Was considered.Russia as the main successor of the Soviet Union collapsed and Iran, before the collapse of the USSR, as the only owner of the water Zones, Interests and goals have been followed in the Caspian region in modern conditions too. This presence and the new competition in region have created the complex and diverse field in the international relations that have been analyzed in this research.

The purpose of this paperis to subvert the dominant discourse and current political administration space. Reversality, as Foucaultsaysconsists of what people may assume that at renewal of their mind. The reversality means that when traditions or schools, offers particular interpretation and commentary of events, can be interpreted against heplan, provided a new concept in its field. When take into consideration the phenomenon of a certain angle, the angle, and its other horizon can also raised. Here's another angle of the horizon and the true meaning of "political management space " is considered such an approach "subvert" the prevailing discourse of political space management in knowledge called geopolitics power.Methodological point of view, this research is based on a unique approach of Michel Foucault, especially in the discussion of "Paleontology of knowledge". Paleontology is establishment analytical method of the rules and practices lies and unconscious in the discourses of the human sciences .Its purposes to describe an archive of sentences that are prevalent in particular society and era. Paleontology's Following the description of the condition of existence discourse and scientific areas, application and its release.

Todays, the many issues and challenges with metropolitan's areas. Understanding these challenges in order to face and it passes, is also trying to develop many important sustainable environments. Including these challenges can be to the distribution of population and activity in the peripheral area of Tehran metropolis, especially islamshahr pointed out. In this issue with the study of the structure and the management procedures, laws and plans that lead to peripheral areas of Tehran's population drift including the urban expansion of eslamshahr, scattered about the reviews. Location of Industrial and services and interfere with the residential land use in the city and also with the transfer of the activities from Tehran and its expansion, update security issues, an indiscriminate crowd to agricultural land, an increase in construction without rules within the scope of the study was that contrary to the logic of urban sustainable development are the results of this sprawl. So understanding and analysis of the factors that sprawl of population and activities with the descriptive and analytical study are the purposes of this research.

Proper identification of backward regions is crucial for forming the reliable basis of national and regional development strategies to increase the overall growth rate and decrease intra- regional and inter-regional disparities, therefore, it is very necessary to comprehensively assess the status of regional development with regard to different dimensions of development. The ranking of regions according to degree of development is often treated as the problem of the multi-criteria classification of alternatives. This problem has been solved by applying different methods. The present analysis highlights the fact that Iran witnesses uneven development across different regions. Most of sub-provinces (64% of all sub-provinces) are at the below average level of development. These regions require concerted planned efforts to overcome obstacles to growth and consequently to improve their development level.

Spatial structure of undeveloped countries has been resulted in unequal physical growth of cities and urban sprawl that in turn has had different impacts on peripheral villages. Birjand in southern Khorasn province as a regional city has had increasingly growth due to its central position and successive droughtst. The physiognomic changes of Birjand surrounding rural spaces have been studied in this paper with an emphasis on land use changes and spatial consequents of city physical growth. Research sample society has been four villages at surrounding area of Birjand. Research required data has been collected through satellite Images of land sat TM 5 during 2001-2011, remote sensing technology and also filing a questionnaire. Selected data has been analyzed based on grounded theory. Finding show that urban sprawl has solved the peripheral rural spaces in the city during above decade. Rural lands have been changed to residential land use. Urban physical growth has resulted in changes on economic, social, cultural, management and service structure of peripheral rural area. This change has not been accordance with rural sustainable development.

Quantitative measurement and spatial representation of sustainable urban development are considered as a subject matter in urban planning. The concept of urban sustainability is included five dimensions in which social dimension of sustainability is analyzed with subjects such as the social justice, social capital and well-being in urban environments. In this study, the spatial analysis of social sustainability has been undertaken for 22 districts of Tehran. Research Methodology in this study has been descriptive–analytical and Library Method is used to collect information. In order to define measures of social sustainability, effective criteria on social sustainability and SSI index are used. Moreover, Excel and Spss software's are used for indicators and calculations. Arc Map software is used in order to map and production of spatial data. Research findings indicate that areas 12, 6, 3, 1 in terms of social sustainability conditions are in greater quality than other parts of Tehran and areas 17, 16, 18, 19, 21, 10 in terms of social sustainability conditions are not.

Housing is as a basic human need and provides a sense of satisfaction and it plays the important role in improving quality of life. In urban areas Various reasons such as unequal distribution of income, un-plan texture, historical texture (old time texture), make disproportionate amounts of standard housing with varying levels of quality. Therefore study and analysis the gap size and spatial break between different regions of space requires an accurate study. The main purpose of this paper is to show the extent of differentiation and gap between different regions of Tehran in view of the housing indicators. The present study method is a variety of describes analytical methods. To explain the quality of housing in areas of Tehran used the data sets in the Census center of Iran. Ultimately to determine the quality of housing in 22 areas is used SAW and entropy methods. According to the ranking the regions 1, 2 and 5 are in the first to third rankings in terms of housing quality indicators. Areas that have high housing quality have the high quality of life. The areas 9, 21 and 19 are in the worst housing quality conditions.

Climatic geomorphology or the climatic morphology, cognition of the earth's surface, reviews the recognition of landforms affected by climate elements and factors. This branch of geomorphology concentrates on the distribution of landforms in relation to divisions of climatic regions on the surface of the earth. Yet, there have been no specific and detailed studies on automat classification of territorial units or regional morph climatic in Iran. In this research, the morph climatic regions of Kermanshah province were identified and classified by employing Gis-based cluster analysis technique (Iso cluster) and also using seven topo-climatic parameters (including: elevation, slope, annual precipitation, the average minimum Iran. temperature, absolute minimum temperature, number of days with temperatures below zero and the average annual temperature), as a result, five morph climatic regions and seven macro geomorphologic units have been identified. these areas include: Arid morph climatic zone (fluvial/aeolian), Semi-Arid (fluvial/slope movements), Semi- Arid (Pedimentation/fluvial), Cold (preglacial/fluvial), Very Cold (nivation/preglacial/Karstification).most area about 45% is related to Semi-Arid zone (Pedimentation/fluvial) and lowest area with 3.65% is related to Very Cold zone in Kermanshah province. Despite the capabilities of GIS and the model used automat methods for morph climatic classification have yet to be developed in Iran.

Nowadays, global warming has become a global issue. In urban areas, Depending on land cover and due to the changes in land use, land areas with higher temperatures than other areas are created, that this phenomenon known as the urban heat island.Studies show that the temperature increase due to the thermal Islands’ expansion in Tehran is higher than other cities of Iran.In this study, by applying the necessary corrections, the Image is provided and then the map of land use and land cover using maximum likelihood method and the thermal map using single- window algorithm on the thermal band of the ETM+sensor satellite image are prepared. Also, the minimum, maximum and the mean temperatures are obtained for the 22 regions of Tehran.The regions of Tehran are studied after calculating the indices of NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NDBAI, UTFVI and comparing between the land use -land cover map and the heat map. Results showed that there is a direct correlation between the heat island and Construction and also barren areas .on the other hand there is an inverse relationship between NDVI and the vegetation with the temperature and heat islands.

More than half a century, new cities theory applied in various form in previous socialistic and third word system and leads to different results. in according to population growth, capital cities involved with lots of problems, and following decrease of life quality in them dueto. Economic, social and bio environmental problems and compression of population and activated in capital cities, leads to decentralize, control of immigration and absorb of capital cities extra population in domain of these cities, the present survey full filled to investing the amount success of pardis new city establishment in absorbing extra population of tehran.