Geography
Year:2015 | Volume:12 | Issue:43|Papers Count:17

Socio-economic developments in recent decades lead to massive transformations in various fields, including the transforming of farming systems and the relations of production in the agricultural sector. While new systems were introduced, the traditional system of agricultural production would still survived. The differences and in some cases, the conflicts, emerged between traditional and new modes of utilizations, especially in rural areas. Thus, the differences which include environmental, social and economic aspects, could be traced in different villages.This study reviewing the villages of the Central District of Varamin, tries to examine comparatively the different utilization systems, emphasizing their effectiveness in terms of sustainable development and sustainability of farming activities. Accordingly, the environmental, social and economic consequences of each of these systems have been studied in comparison. The research results indicate that although at first it seemed that the modern utilization units would be practically function more successfully in terms of production and income, but due to internal factors, such as excessive use of limited and sensitive land and water resources, and the influence of external factors, including inadequate allocation of water from a nonlocal water supply, such systems have failed to compete with traditional system, to carry out working in a sustainable manner and in harmony with the surrounding environment.

Sustainable urban development, is a multilateral development which overseeing various aspects with an aim to reconcile ecologic, social and economic dimensions with effects of human activities. Tabriz metropolis is an example of urban development models that despite its spatial coherence and compactness at the time of emergence until Pahlavi period and, especially, in early 40s, following the developments of urbanization in the last few decades, has been generally changed and nowadays it is experiencing a porous and ill-stated structure. The spatial analysis approach to sustainable development and sustainable by using of stability variables, the use of research findings in policy and planning related to urban development projects and also help to organizations managers and other relevant which involved in urban management are the other aims of this study. The applied methods are descriptive - analytical in which the quantitative models and methods such as factor analysis, AHP method, non-parametric Friedman tests, HDI combination pattern, Geographical Information System (GIS) and etc. have been used. The result of the investigations showed that among 10 metropolitan areas of Tabriz the 3deprived areas with average 0.27% of development factor are placed in the lowest development and in other words is allocated the first priorities of urban development for the future management and planning of Tabriz to itself. The second level (Semi-developed regions and semi-permanent) consists of six metropolitan areas by 0.585% of moderate rate of development. First level is including a development region with 0.74% factor of development that allocated the latest preference of developmental to it.

The Middle East is one of the main geographical points where is well known as the energy depository of the world. Hence, the region has to coop with the threats and opportunities resulted from the importance of the vital material. This means presence of players affecting policy and international political economy as well as their attempt for stabilizing the form of political structure consistent with their own interests in this region. This makes the presence of independent governance inappropriate for these structures. The mutual dependency theory from neoliberal thinking has been considered for underpinning the study to analyze such a situation. After a review about the environment of the region, the oil and its position in the world economy have been examined to better understand the problem. Then, we attempted to state the stand of United States as the influential player of the world system about the strategic role of oil and the policies of other powerful players to change the political regime in Iran. The results of the analyses from the evidence indicate that change and stabilization of geographical-political structures due to administration of asymmetrical dependency is tied by the benefits of powerful countries. The situation will be more intrinsic due to entrance of new players from the east and their competition with the former players.

Nowadays, conductor plans are done with the purpose of organizing and improving the physical fabric of rural areas and is of the kinds of plans that is formed with the approach of creating key changes and preparing the context for rural development in Iran. The success rate of conductor plans performed in Iran and the rate of peoples Satisfaction of them is one of most important issues in rural geography science. In line with this issue, this study intend to investigate and analyze views of Villagers and officials about the rate of rural conductor plans and survey the reason for Between public opinion and government about the success rate of conductor plans. Statistical population of this study includes villages of Village in central part of Roshtkhvar County and sample population includes 5 villages that the conductor plans have been performed in them. This study is an quantitative and qualitative methods and Q-methodology, statistical test in SPSS have been used for analysis. To collect data, Library methods, and field observation and questionnaire is used. To analyze the kind of people and officials perception of Q-method and to determine the success factors utility of conductor plans, variance analysis, fisher and T test have been used. The results of Q-analysis showed that perceptions of people and officials categorized in 4 groups, including: proponent of amending conductor, strong proponent of performing conductor plans with current trend, moderate proponent of performing conductor plans and opponents of performing conductor plans. So people and officials have different perceptions. We conclude that research hypothesis is confirmed. Also results earned from fisher test shows that effects of conductor plans in most fields is negative and have been positive only in 2 aspects, namely facilitating of transportation and increasing the quality of pavements scenes.

Tourism could be used as a diplomacy tool to increase and improve peace, friendship, security, cooperation among nations and to increase economic growth and income. Nowdays physical borders of countries are dissolving and new forms of borders oure. shaped by our mind, emotions and experiences. Like other types of diplomacy such as formal diplomacy, public diplomacy and business diplomacy, Tourism can also play a vole in expanded of diplomatic relations, which is know as Tourism diplomacy and could be used as a tool for cooperation and convergence.Persian Golf region comprised of 8nation states has a unique geopolitical advantage in the world. These nations have more in common in terms of historical, cultural, religious and linguistic affairs compared to ethnical or racial differences. These common ground could foster cooperation and convergence among these countries. This descriptive – analytic study tries to investigate tourism diplomacy in the regime and the way that it could be used to regional convergence in the Persian Gulf.

Planning vacuum in south countries is lack of participation in planning doing. This situation has created underdeveloped in economical, social, managerial and physical aspects. So recognizing effective factors in increasing or decreasing of participation range is main matter that recognizing them can facilitate process of participation development. This research tries to study effective factors for citizens' participation range. For doing this work, I have used several indicators, for example social, economical, and psychological situations, project container quality and, age and study level of citizens. undoubtly, attention to citizens' participation and recognizing of effective factors in increasing or decreasing of participation range can reduce from managerial cost of cities, and can facilitate organizing work. Research method is correlation method. Data gathering is library-field method, and data analysis is descriptive- deductive as T test, multiple regression, Pearson regression, and Line regression. Case study is local of south- Dolatkhah of region 19 of Tehran. Sample size is 72 households, and sampling method is accident sampling. Questionnaire admissible is nominal credit, and its durable has been studied via Chronbakh Alfa. Research maps have been prepared using GIS. Results of research show that citizen participation range is more of mean, and it is possible that popularize its results to case study. Results of line regression show that economical and psychological indicators affect direct effective, and social and project container quality indicators affect indirect effective for citizen's participation in organizing old buildings. results show that there is logical relation among social, psychological, economical, project container quality, and studying level by citizen's participation range, has not among citizens age by citizen's participation range.

Cyberspace has changed geopolitical. Although cyberspace is a topic that has been presented many years ago, the most elementary expressions such as the meaning of virtual space, cyber war, cyber-attack and etc. has no coherent definition. Because cyberspace is an innovative and intangible subject. In this paper, we survey studies anddocumentation of the leading countries in this field of study, such as Russia and America and seek to extract the definitions, terminology, classification, characteristics, types, and etc of Cyber warfare.

Increasing population in urban areas of developing countries with inefficient social, economic, and social justice implications of plays the increase in crime and delinquency is one of the most important. For this reason, efforts to improve urban security and ways to promote it to one of the challenges for planners, managers and researchers related to urban areas has become. The present study aims to identify and analyze the spatialtemporal theft related crimes in the period 1388 to 1391 is the central part of the city of Qazvin. Analytical method that using GIS software and software side (Crime Analysis) is performed. The results indicate that in the field of security offenses, police station 17 to the 13, 11, 12 and 14, respectively Klantryhay are next in rank, In the area of economic crimes, police station 11 to the 17, 12 and 13, respectively, and at the end of the 14 highest crime. Finally, in the context of social crimes, most of the police station and police station 11, 12, 17 and 13 and the last 14 are next in order.

With the development of information technology and communications, the world has entered a stage where it is known as the global village. This trend has resulted in millions of people each year historical sites - cultural, social, Access Vakvtvrysty to take action. Meanwhile Kerman city due to strong tourism potentials such as Gnjlykhan set (bath Gnjlykhan Gnjlykhan field, etc.), traditional marketing, collections, Ibrahim Khan, Mshtaqyh, Jblyh Dome, a succulent garden like a garden and less worthy place unique is the prince Mahan etc.This Research aimed to investigate the effective economical factors on internal tourists attitude toward city attraction kerman county. This Research has been done in survey method and by using of questionnaire on 330 tourists (both men and women). According to founding of this study, there are significant relation ship between income, welfare and infrastructure instrument, material status with satisfaction ofkerman county. According to result of simple regression analysis, independent variable as good order in kerman county.

Today, one of the major issues that the political realm and in the realm of political geograph Globalization is discussed. Globalization in the fields of politics, economics, culture, etc. has made its appearance. In the era of globalization, governments cannot break the law and to act in the world today must agree to the transfer of power. For example, in the field of economics, globalization, by introducing new actors such as transnational companies limit the power of government is limited. Changes in other areas also entering the same is unveiled. But the important thing is to study how these different dimensions of globalization, national sovereignty has changed.

The study area was a hot and humid climate and climatic constraints on the temperature and humidity will Hdaksrhay, Heating up indicator (The combination of maximum temperature and relative humidity) is more important. Maximum heat index region shows that only four months of the year (December to March) Green and welfare state established. Two months of April and November Yellow Status Six months of the year (May to October) Red is dominant.Analysis of heat index data Shows that four months of the year Status Green (ease and comfort), Two months of the year yellow status (Some people feel at ease) And six months for red (Hazardous conditions and possible heatstroke) The area is rife.

Relying on their certain strategic and geopolitical features as well as their relative advantages, seaports connecting to the free seas are very important in terms of spatial planning and development of countries in various dimensions. Through their globalization procedure and in the course of competition with regional and international countries, the seaports can manifest the additive effects of growth and development in various national structures. National and geopolitical power is an important structure that can be influenced in the cities' globalization process. The study is based on the premise that "Iran's southern seaports, which have been established spatially in the Persian Gulf's strategic zone, can affect positively national and geopolitical power of Iran through development and realizing the quasi-globalization condition." So this study tries to assess priority and potential of Iran’s southern seaports. The study is a descriptive-analytical one in terms of nature and is an applied one in terms of objective. Both library and field (questionnaire) studies, based on experts opinions, were used to collect data. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank cities, while entropy method was employed for weighing dimensions and indexes. For comparing cities, eight globalization components and their 78 relevant indexes were used. Initially, southern seaports were compared and ranked based on various components and dimensions and then final ranking and priority assessment was carried out based on the mixed indexes and allocation of relative importance to each dimension. The results showed that Chabahar, Kish, Abadan and Bandar Abbas were listed as the first priority of developing quasi-global cities in Persian Gulf in terms of the mixed indexes, therefore, creating and developing quasi-global cities in these cities can improve regional, national and international functions which it may result in increasing of national and geopolitical power of Iran.

From the late twentieth century, increasing attention has been paid to the concept of creativity in issues related to tourism development and urban regeneration. Emergence and generalization of the creative city idea is an evidence of this claim. Intense competition between cities as tourism destinations left them with no choice except finding some ways to differentiate themselves from other cities and tourism destinations. Focusing on development of creative industries and applying creative city strategies is one of solutions for many cities. Iran, despite its potentials, owns a small portion of revenues from contemporary tourism. Creative tourism is the last link of tourism’s evolution chain. Development of creative tourism in Iran especially in metropolises like Isfahan is possible for a number of reasons, such as existence of multiple subcultures in the city, richness of cultural and artistic products and authenticity of creative industries including handicrafts. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility, necessity and analysis of the outcomes of introducing Isfahan as a creative tourism destination with an emphasis on creative handicrafts and Isfahan’s joining reputable international networks of creative cities. The present study is an applied research, in terms of data collection it is a qualitative-quantitative survey. Interviewees were chosen among experts in tourism and handicrafts fields. The research showed that based on the indicators defined by UNESCO and theorists such as Sasaki, Isfahan holds the potential of being introduced as a creative city of crafts. Isfahan joining UNESCO’s creative cities network has some positive consequences such as providing a unique image of the city, differentiating it as a creative tourism destination and simultaneous conjoined prosperity of tourism and crafts industries in Isfahan.

When the evolution of the spatial organization of settlements and the factors that influence internal and external forces and processes interact with each other in terms of time and space requirements, performance of the system and there is some confusion, leading to instability in rural settlements. Settlement system to intervene in such circumstances it is essential to sustain and optimize. The purpose of this paper is a comprehensive approach to the stability and the factors affecting rural settlements 75 Firoozabad the survey (1370 to 1390) to determine. The population of this study includes 369 villages has Firoozabad city. Effort to determine the number of sample villages on the basis of population growth the two groups have positive growth (47%) and negative growth (53 percent) as the basis for sustainable and instability based on a sample size of 75 villages is chosen Cochran. Data were collected through questionnaires and field studies with a total of 381 cases and weighted indices and spatial analysis was conducted using SPSS and GIS. Results indicate that the environmental index by 44 percent has the greatest impact on rural settlement Firoozaba so that the change of a single .804 Would affect the stability of a standard deviation. The results show that Reduce the share of annual water resources and environmental aspects of water quantity in most of the rest so these two indicators of environmental change, explaining about 34% of Between the two also share the loss with 43 percent of the annual water. The spatial analysis shows that the villages were more unstable the sidelines are being plain.