Geography
Year:2010 | Volume:7 | Issue:23|Papers Count:11

Notwithstanding, Iran's economical potentials and also CIS countries economical infirmity and their problem of access to sea is the least reason to make widespread commerical-economical relations, now, in Accordance with study and analysis of Iran's commercial trades with CIS countries, current process in Iran's commercial-economical relations with these countries does not possess suitable position in geo-economical viewpoint. In fact, simple explanation of Iran's commercial-economical relations with CIS countries is contraction in geographical area of Iran's economical power in region, and because of that process, decrease in its competition and political-economical playing power in this region's geopolitical and geo-economical equations. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is study and analysis of Iran's economical position in commercial-economical relations with CIS countries in geo-economical viewpoint.

Supply of micro financial services has been recognized within the recent decades as an effective way to increase villagers' ability and has been used by the countries with different degrees of efficiency. (Mafi, 2005, 20). The successes achieved by implementation of this plan have caused the specialization of micro credits system in the manner that nongovernmental organizations, credit unions, nonbanking financial intermediaries and commercial banks have been known as supplier institutions of micro financial resources and diverse services of credits supply. One of the skeletal aspects of effectiveness of credits is rural home whose related actions have been fulfilled from 2005 by Islamic revolution housing foundation. Within this framework and towards renovation and improvement of rural homes using credits and internal resources of banks and with interest-free loan conditions, housing foundation has taken a measure in constructing 200,000 residential units throughout the villages of country since 2005. In addition to skeletal effects, this measure has had a series of effects in social and economic dimensions. According to available statistics, 21,312 applicants in Kurdistan province have succeeded to conclude contracts and 18,000 of them have started construction. At the present time, a total number of 1823 rural residential units are under construction in Saghez city and 1400 units of which have received work completion certificates and the rest have been put in the agenda. Therefore, this research has investigated in functionalism framework the assignment procedure of these credits through field and library studies while explaining the views related to credits generally and rural micro credits specifically. Beside this issue, a reasonable answer has been presented to this question if assignment of micro credits has been effective in improvement of rural homes. The Results of research in relation to studied area indicate the effectiveness of assigned credits for improvement of rural homes of studied area.

The great eco-systems of the world are being destroyed so much that the issue is the biggest concern to the man. The following figures are disturbing: 25-50 percent of vegetation and animal species will be disappeared before the end of the present century. Forests are reducing in size and deserts expanded. Erosion destroys fertile soils. Global warming results in catastrophic impacts on the environment. Planet Earth is now under pressure. Theodor Roosevelt in 1959 said if present generation continues destructing resources, nothing will be left for our children". Before that, in 18th century, Maltus formulated the relationship between population increase and food recourses. These and other concerns resulted in the development of green activities and pro-ecosystem NGOs in Europe. Geographers today cannot tolerate what is happening to the earth environments. Damages to the air, water, soil, and vegetation makes geographers to look at the world from a different, more moderate point of view. Although they differ in figures presented by ecologists on damages resulted from human activities, yet the issue is serious enough to form bases for future geographic analysis.

While early mention of differences between men and women existed in geographies of individual communities, an explicit focus on gender developed from the 1970 as feminist scholarship and activism coincided to highlight gender difference and inequality. Since then, a wide number of theoretical currents have stimulated a range of studies and academic thought. During the late 1980 and early 1990 gender studies in rural geogmphy began to make up ground. Thus, gender analyses of rural societies have an increasingly flourishing existence in rural studies. Moreover, common policy initiatives that actively promote greater interaction between the state, local governments and civil society are an increasingly important component in the politics of poverty reduction and the promotion of better livelihood for poor people. In this way, to address local inequalities, and to strengthen rural economies, local societies and local public services, a new common space is needed, that could be ideally designed to incorporate ordinary people into the planning, implementation, administration, management and supervision of public activities. The objective of this paper is to integrate gender, common policy and rural development in an applied approach to the analysis of rural communities.

According to probes and the result of senses in 1385 about 20-30 percent of 13 million population of Tehran live at informal settlement. This problem has made many hardships like Environment pollution and social security. This is the most important effort of management in this area. The present methods are statistical analyses and field observation. Continues population and immigration growth in region-city of Tehran and slow movement of structural reforming are the main factors for going on this problem. Therefore the operation of strategy for Enabling and regularizing informal settlement and spatial Justice approach Are the most efficient and strategic solutions for solving these problems.

One purpose of critical geopolitics is analyzing statecraft or foreign policy. Critical geopolitical study has been useful in uncovering the arguments and assumptions of policymakers and the construction of geopolitical codes that serve as the rationale and justification for foreign policy actions. Geopolitical codes "are a set of strategic assumptions that a government makes about other states in forming its foreign policy. it can be studied as the output of practical geopolitical reasoning that is one of the research fields in critical geopolitics. Critical geopolitical study has been useful in uncovering the arguments and assumptions of policymakers and the construction of geopolitical codes that serve as the rationale and justification for foreign policy actions. It is closely related to geopolitical vision. The concept of geopolitical vision belongs to critical geopolitics and it is understood in the context of social space. This research in addition to dealing with critical geopolitics and it's research field's, would study the concepts of geopolitical code and geopolitical vision as reasoning practices of critical geopolitics and moreover In order to analyze the practice of statecraft it would represent a framework for analyzing practical geopolitical reasoning.

The aim of this paper is to determine land cover change due to precipitation fluctuations with an application of Landsat images in dry and wet years. Precipitation data in were arranged for Sarab plain. Using Z Standard method, the driest and wettest years were chosen. Then Landsat Images for these two years selected. (Landsat ETM+ for dry and Spot image for wet years). Using GPS and filed works 40 points in the Sarab plain were selected for Dereferencing. After image correction, VBI index was used for each two images. NDVI Index for each image was calculated. VCI and TCI Index Vegetation Condition were then used for any two years.Finally, ERDAS imaging software change detection method was applied for determining changes between any two years. Obtained results show that vegetation cover in healthy conditions has excessive fluctuations in dry farming.

The examination and recognition of the facilities and capabilities and then the evaluation of coastal developed levels is considered to be a future problem in city planning and the first step of the planning and development procedure. For this reason, the general purpose of this article is to evaluate the Babolsar development as a coastal city and developed levels of eleven - quarter areas on the basis of the existence of development indices. For evaluating the city developed levels, sing test has been used and developed levels of eleven areas, Morris Inequality Index, Numerical taxonomy and Standardized Score have been used by choosing thirty variants in a form of social, economical, skeletal, natural indices to be evaluated the developed levels of areas. The results show that although Babolsaris's development close to national parameters on the basis of the evaluation of selected indexes for all parts of the city and developed inequality is not approved, in the level of the city areas, inequality is obvious so that eleven areas are classified as the following method: two areas in developed level, four areas in developing level and five areas in undeveloped level. These classified areas show an important crisis fitted in to existence of the developed levels for Babolsar's areas.

After the Second World War the threat of soviet union expansionism replaced the threat of Nazi Germany for Europe. The Founding Nato was the west's Defensive response to the situation. From the beginning, the U.S. had a decisive role in the existence and viability of Nato. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the warsuwpact , European countries showed that they wanted to be more independent from the U.S. for their defense. But the U.S. wanted to control the Nato. For this reason, the U.S. changed Nato's mission and Goals. Nato's current mission is to weaken Russia and to rebuild itself and to help the U.S. in Afghanistan. On the other hand, Kato's current duties include, fighting International terrorism, fighting Governments which oppose the current world order, preventing the development of weapons of mass destruction, and interfering in regional conflicts. So, taking into account these factors, is Nato a threat to Iran or not? We try to answer this question in this article.