INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN THE HUMANITIES (IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL RESEARCH)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:3 (15)|Papers Count:7

Human social life in the twentieth century was transformed and Urbanization was the dominant life pattern. The emergence of large cities around the world was complex and diverse problems for human settlements, therefore Was necessary to establish some degree of order to the city tocomprehensive study the urban complex problems. It is clear that geography is one of the pioneers in the field of urban reaserch and education. Although a long-standing history of geography, As long as human life, but urban geography has a short history. Urban geography quickly grew and spread in short period, and became one of the most apply fields. At the same time, urban planning was formed and began its evolution, more rapidly than expected. Urban planning In the West and in developing countries to become an professional fields. Often there is consensus that urban geography and urban planning are both modern science and interdisciplinary nature, And clear links in their evolution. This paper is a descriptive and analytical approach by using written sources and texts for analysis and evolution of interdisciplinary nature of both. While the urban geography is its interdisciplinary nature, it has become part of the new urban planning discipline. Urban planning, by use of geography and other urban sciences, create a new interdisciplinary discipline. Urban planning create one integrate field from variety of applications to solve urban problems.

Interdisciplinary sciences emerging and specialization were result of historical conditions. Lack of common and grand theories have caused social sciences such as Geography disintegrated to many courses. The Geography science has been divided two main courses, Physical and Human through the time. Every one used another similar science in theoretical principles and methodologies for their domain development and strengthening of their bases.The Human Geography was influenced by Anthropology during nineteenth century and was affected by nineteenth century and dawn twentieth century by Sociology and from mid twentieth century until present time by Biological sciences, Psychology, Political economics and social theories. Radical Geography was one of the Human Geography branches that was influenced by Political economics and left ideology. Radical Geography emphasizes on investigation about quality of life in different spaces and attempts to change socio-economic and spatial relationships, therefore critical Geography is one of its similar approaches.

From the late 1960s, a fundamental shift took place from Modernism to Post-Modernism in art and aesthetic fields: "post-modernism as a movement against the simple functional art and design styles of modernism".Some described this movement as a "conservative reaction of modernism to itself". Basically, post-modernism as a "part of modernism" is considered as an outcome and result of modernism which stood against modernistic beliefs and thoughts.From the fundamental tenets of post-modernism which shape its other branches, one can mention to: belief in difference, diversity and pluralism, criticism of common scientific methods and rationalism, negation of any meta-narrative and any all-encompassing universal theory.Post-modernism, as to other fields of social science, has also affected urban planning from the late 1980s and caused change in the commonly applied views, processes, results, principles and methods and, in short, in the thinking and practice of planning. Post-modernist planning is depicted as a severance from modernist intellectual tradition. Such a view insists on two significant distinctions between modernist paradigm of urban planning and post-modernist paradigm: first, epistemological basis of planning, and, second, application of normative values and theory in planning.Today, post-modernist approach is prevailing in all levels of plans, even unconsciously, and often as a part of them, and forms their strategic visions, goals, priorities and their outlines. The present research aims to examine post-modernist approach in planning from different aspects.

Religious places are always considered as important by believers. It is due to people’s faithful belief as well as specific spatial, meaningful structure; signs; and symbols which are in such places. In a non-religious viewpoint, the spatial analysis of these places indicates how the followers of the religion interact with these places. Therefore, it is possible to find common parameters in religious places such as: glorious structures, high ceilings, culmination of human art in every aspect, special practices in these places. The importance of these places is so much that the continuation of the religions was impossible without them in the history. Thus, spatial analysis of these special places will contribute to a two-dimensional understanding of the place (space) and human. Grand mosque-as the only Kiblah for Muslims and the most important structure in the Islamic world-has similarities and differences in comparison with other important religious structures. Among the considerable differences are its simplicity and avoidance of any art boasting and human creativity. Spatial analysis of the mosque indicates somehow the abstract of the Islamic Worldview about God, mankind, universe, life, death, and complicated relations between such concepts and basic words of human life.

To achieve the progress and sustainable development its inevitable and necessary to pay attention to the local needs, decentralization, good governance, downsizing of government structures, adjustment of concentrated governance structures, division of national and local work and pay attention to the spatial rights. The current conditions of globalization have a strong convergence in one hand to the localization and on the other hand to the massive urbanization. Although the local management in Iran focusing on municipals have more than a hundred years precedent, but because of the political and institutional structure facing the government and parliament, and the reliance on oil revenues, has been instituted a centralized structure in management of country that conflicted with regional sustainable development and also regional and local governance and constitution. Continuing of this situation cause to major problems for the country and challenges for gaining sustainable development.This paper try to show and introducing the "decentralization as a basic model" to gaining to the comprehensive development; in the other words, decentralization as a development is the fundamental accepted model and on the base of this model we need to reorganizing the structures of executive and legislative in Iran. Methodology in this research is analytical, the needed data and information has gathered by documentary methods and elite meeting. The result of this research shows that there is the context of this paradigm and proposed model (decentralization as a basic model) But the development-oriented political believe and determination and foresight necessary to achieve optimal horizon. The realization of this model requires extensive structural and institutional changes in the governance of the country and this will not be achieved without political will and belief.

Geography as an interdisciplinary science that always trying to play their proper role in development process, it has been focused so much attention on the women as half of development power. This research with interdisciplinary approach is trying to analyze influence of ICT on empowerment of rural women in the central part of LAHIJAN eparchy. Then applied the explanatory approach. Field studies and questionnaire technique also is used. Research hypothesis is based on that the ability of ICT explains part of rural women Empowerment. But the power levels at different stages, it is not homogeneous and harmonious and Welfare stage is stronger than the other stages. For last analysis, Factor and regression analysis were used. Research findings indicate that analysis supports the hypotheses. Finally, the conclusions were based on research findings were presented.