PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT SCIENCE QUARTERLY (PESSQ)
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between age and the soccer performance of elite male soccer players were playing with an emphasis on post.Sample of 396 soccer players (36 goalkeeper, 168 defenders, 123 midfielders and 69 forwards) participating in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, with a mean age of 27.23 ± 3.71 years, height 181.45 ± 6.43 cm and body mass 75.89 ± 6.46 kg were given to targeted was collected about them. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test results showed Goalkeepers older and heavier than other post and defenders had older than midfielders and forwards, and defenders were heavier than midfielders (P<0.05).Positive relationship between age and passes, successful passes, medium passes, and a negative correlation of age with Final Third Entries in goalkeepers, positive relationship between age with long passes, and negative relationship between age and short passes in midfielders and negative correlation between age and total shots, Penalty Area Entries, Successful Final Third Entries, Successful Passes and Medium Passes in the forwards (P<0.05). The findings of this study can be used in the process of talent and selecting players.

Background: Self-talk can be described as what people say to themselves either obviously or non-obviously. Self-talk has been known as someone talks inside or quietly. As a matter of fact, self-talk is self-communication which can occur in several situations. Objective: Together the athlete’s perceptions of the Self-Talk intervention and its relationship to their performance to obtain information about self-talks as clear as possible. Method: One veteran Iranian national soccer player candidate voluntary (age=26) attended in three session’s open-ended interviews. He also has had 10 years of playing experience. The content of interview transcripts was then hierarchically analyzed to identify the themes. Result: The finding revealed that self-talk in positive patterns was mostly motivational and in negative patterns was motivational and cognitive as well.Conclusion: Interviews and narrow observations of outstanding athletes showed precious knowledge about psychological factors specifically in self- talk since it is considered as sort of leader for unpredictable event in and off the sport field.

Aim of present research was to review the probability changes in ghrelin and obestatin hormones following eight weeks aerobic training with moderate intensity in Sprague-Dawley male rats. For this purpose randomly selected 47 two month age rats from animal lab. All rats made fat by stimulate the appetite with lettuce and vegetables and reached from mean weight 240±15 to 320±20 kg and after that randomly divided to two groups (control=23 and training=24). The training program of training group included eight weeks running on rodent specific treadmill; in parallel control group in this period of the time had no training. At the end for review the research variables, blood samples collected directly from the heart. For statistic analysis of data used independent t test. Findings showed that eight weeks moderate intensity aerobic training made significant reduction in obestatin (p=000); also this training had no significant effect on ghrelin (p=0.99). Regard to findings of research it conclude that eight weeks moderate intensity aerobic training can induces reduction in obestatin nevertheless does not affect ghrelin.

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) training (Contraction - Relaxation method), in compared to the other methods of static and dynamic stretching exercises; has higher and safer effects on enhancement of hamstring muscle' s flexibility, strength and endurance.Achieving the optimal combination of contraction and stretching phases in PNF training that can increase these factors of physical fitness is controversial. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study was conducted to determine and compare of the effects of combined phases of 5, 10, and 15 seconds of maximum voluntary isometric contraction and 10 seconds of passive stretching (up to pain threshold) in PNF training (Contraction - Relaxation method) on flexibility, strength, and endurance of hamstring musclein nonathlete men.40 men were selected from 55 non-athlete volunteer men of 20-25 years old eligible. The participants were divided into 4 groups, each with 10 men. The training was performed three times a week for 6 weeks, and each session lasted one hour according to the progressive overload principle. Muscle strength was measured by using One Repetition Maximum (1RM) test. Muscle endurance was measured by using number of repetitions with 70% of 1RM (70%*1RM) of hamstring muscle.Flexibility of hamstring muscle was measured with modified SRT (Sit & Reach Test). Within group's comparison were done with two tailed paired sample t-test.Between groups comparison were done with one-way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hock test. All tests significant level was set at P≤0.05. Between group's differences of muscle strength and endurance were significant in post-test (P≤0.001*). Within group's difference of muscle strength were significant in 5sec (P≤0.001*), 10sec (P≤0.001*), and 15sec groups (P≤0.001*). Within group's difference of muscle endurance was significant in 10sec (P≤0.001*) and 15sec groups (P≤0.001*). Between group's differences of flexibility was not significant in post-test (P=0.155). Within group's difference of flexibility were significant in 5sec (P≤0.001*), 10sec (P≤0.001*), and 15sec groups (P≤0.001*).Therefore, this training can increase the flexibility, strength, and endurance of hamstring muscle in non-athlete men.

the current study aims to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and transformational leadership (TL) of female coaches in Golestan province (Iran). A descriptive correlational research method is applied.Statistical population includes all female coaches in the province, from which a total of 313 subjects are randomly selected. The Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Syber Yashring, 1986), Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Bass and Avolio, 2000), and Demographic Questionnaire are used to collect data. The first two provide the reliability coefficients of 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) test results a skewed (non-normal) distribution of the variables (p<0.05). Descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation), and inferential (spearman's rank correlation coefficient) statistics are calculated in the analysis of data. The results indicate that the mean scores on the EI and TL measures of the subjects are 119.43 and 2.72, respectively. It means that there is a significant positive relationship between these two components (r=0.173, p<0.002). In other words, the female coaches with higher rate of EI have a more tendency to TL.Moreover, there are significant relationships between the EI subscales of self-awareness, self-motivating, and social skills with all subscales of TL (inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration). On the other hand, the subscale of sympathy has significant relationships with just two TL sub scales (i.e. inspirational motivation and individual consideration), while having no relationships with idealized influence and intellectual stimulation.Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between the subscale of self regulation and none of the TL subscales.

Objective: Visfatin, is a novel adipokine, and an adipose tissue-derived hormone shown to correlate with visceral fat mass in patients with obesity. It is not well known whether endurance training - induced change in adipose tissue and blood lipids decreases plasma visfatin or not; thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks endurance training on plasma visfatin in men.Methods: twenty five healthy men (aged 37.5 ± 4.8 years; height 174.7 ± 6.5 cm; BMI 25.2 ± 2.6 kg/m2; mean ± SD) participated as subjects in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to endurance training group (n=15) or control group (n=10). Endurance training group underwent an 12-week intervention, with a frequency of 3 d/wk at an intensity corresponding to 65 - 80% maximum heart rate for 20 - 34 min.Results: results showed that body fat percent, WHR and plasma visfatin were decreased (P<0.05) after endurance training. Maximum oxygen consumption, on the other hand, increases significant (P<0.05) in the training group compared with the control group. Plasma visfatin levels at baseline were positively correlated (P<0.05) with body fat percent and triglyceride concentration.Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems that 12 weeks endurance training induced change in adipose tissue, decrease plasma visfatin in men.