Geography and Environmental Planning
Year:2010 | Volume:21 | Issue:1 (37)|Papers Count:8

In this paper, Zanjan Freezing days' frequency and spell length has been analyzed based on probability rule, stochastic process and Markov chain usage. Due to harmfulness of the first months of transform seasons, and based on this projects’s achievements, the last 44-year-data of first months of Spring and fall seasons Farvardin (March 21 to April 20) and Mehr (September 23 to October 22) have been used. Probability matrix of freeze-free of freeze days was established based on maximum likelihood method after frequency matrix had been provided. Persistence probability was estimated based on probability matrix of freeze and free of freeze days. Accordingly the probability of freezing day in Farvardin and Mehr is 0.3519 and 0.0375 respectively. Finally, probability of 2-5 days freezing spell has been calculated. The probability of spell length most frequently occurs in early spring.

Geomorphological parameters are the most determinant and effective factors of quality of water resources especially on the surface waters like rivers and lakes. The physical and chemical quality of waters can be changed by the lithological structure of this basin, kind of sediments transported to the river and the ecological indices such as human activities like agriculture, industry and urbanization. Combination of these factors should be considered as ecogeomorphology. The effect of affected parameters on chemical water quality of Korriver in the upper lands of Doroodzan dam basin and its lake was investigated through this research. Variation of geological formation such as limestone and erosible structure in the basin and also the role of run off in different sediment transport to Kor river, due to topography and basin slope, affect the quality of Doroodzan dam lake. Also the effect of development and the variation of water uses, the growth of population and the increasing rate of the waste water in the agriculture, urban and rural activities are applied to the research.

Sustainable development and the efficient and optimum use of available resources entails a comprehensive recognition of the possibilities and also of the limitations of desirable situations. The provincial cities namely Kiar possess the capacity and environmental position For farming activities. The main purpose of this study is to assess the regions’ environmental capacities for agricultural development. To achieve this purpose, the potential resources, analysis and assessment of the capabilities have been done systematically in a multistage framework. At first the needed data was gathered from the secondary sources via interview and observation. Providing the necessary maps, the researchers analyzed and compiled the layers of data gathered by geographical software GIS; then the region’s environmental capacities were determined. Finally, the suitable farmlands were specified by extracting homogenous environmental units and were assessed by using the ecological model.

Sustainable Development is the newest slogan of environmental movements in the world and primarily emphasizes aspects of environmental and ecological growth and development of countries in the zonal and international level; its main purpose is to prevent the decline of future generations’ potentiality to fulfill its needs and to provide and to secure the natural and environmental resources of the posterity as well as new generations. Due to the importance of Sustainable Development in the world and in the arid regions, this research evaluates and studies Sustainable Development in Ardakan city in its ecological dimension. In this dimension, regarding the literature of Sustainable Development and by seeing to the key themes suggested by CSD, these indicators are selected and are primarily compared with the urban areas of country by Wilcoxon Test. In the second stage, the differences of development within 17 areas of Ardakan are determined by Mooris inequality Index. The findings of this research indicate a meaningful difference between Ardakan and urban areas of the country and also the unsustainability in Ardakan areas is revealed to us. It looks that measures like hydrologic resource development, preserving underground waters, expanding urban green spaces would be useful for decreasing variations.

In 16.3.1384 a relatively large landslide occurred in connective highway in Ardabil province between Nir and Sarab (Saien defile). Due to the landslide, nearly 1km above the mentioned road was ruined and then many human and financial damages occured. The different factors have played an important role in this landslide such as: geological factors (lithology and structural), soil thickness and texture, vegetation coverage percentage, land use, the rate of the ups and downs and slopes and then groundwater. We tried to study this area to find the instability rate in various parts which is possible to prevent in future. For this purpose, and based on Anbalagan method, at first the whole area was divided into 32 parts; then, effective factors in landslide per parts were evaluated separately, and its numerical value was provided and finally all the values were added up to get the total value. Based on the obtained values, the map of landslide risk was designed for the whole area. The study of this map indicates that the whole area has been divided into five parts for landslide risk. Upper risk was 10.5 km square or 23 percent of the whole area located around Balkhly river. The area with higher risk was 24.6 percent; the area with middle risk formed 2.1 percent, area with low risk was 18 percent and the area with the lowest was 14.75 percent.

In this research, we used daily incoming solar radiation data of Isfahan ozone station during 1365-1387 to find an estimation model of Incoming solar radiation using sunshine ours. The results have been compared to the other common models using RMSE and MBE indices. The results show that the regression amount of our model is 0.91 and 0.6 and 0.7 for the models Frere and McCulloc respectively. Also, our model has a very precise results for May and Augest months in which the error is less than -2 %.

In the end of eastern rib of Azerbaijan plateau and in the interior Talesh, and Bozghosh mountains, the high and smooth structural depressions as Ardebil plain are placed. This depression being faulted and blocked by lava and then discharged by run-off flows on the surface of mountain’s slopes leads it to be one of the pluvial interior in Azerbaijan plateau. Due to the existing height difference between plateau and mountain’s perimeter and because of the influence of environmental evolutions, particularly climatic changes and Sabalan’s volcanic activities, phenomena and various landforms such as lake deposit, lahar and alluvial fans on the surface of the plain and dominant slopes appear which consecutively and periodically overlap each other. After the fixation of this condition, new forms inside the older ones have been caused which the most common ones are fluvial valley, the old and new terraces. The main purpose of the present study is to recognize and to study these forms and to determine their contribution in planning and land use. This study was conducted based on Field observation in which aerial photography 1:50000, 1:250000 topography maps 1:250000,1:100000, Geological maps, 1:100000 and 1:250000, and satellite images 1:55000 of the year 1334(1956) have been used; for preparing the present maps in this research, the GIS software has been used.