Geography and Environmental Planning
Year:2017 | Volume:27 | Issue:4 (64) |Papers Count:11

Exacerbation of environmental problems, emergence of the economic crises and social adversity hardship inequality, as the effective historical roots in formation of theory of sustainable development, motivated the experts on urban issues to suggest some practical solutions and also some special administrative measures in order to achieve more sustainable cities. In this respect, physical compaction in cities during the 1970s and 1980s would come up as one of the basic principles of sustainable urban development and the strategies to achieve that based on sustainability principles in reaction to sporadic growth. Therefore, assessing and evaluating the compression level of the urban contexts are of the first steps in reviewing the sustainability status in the cities. So, in this study, as the first step, using the existing documents, the theoretical framework of the sustainable development and the compact city is discussed and then the identified indices for evaluating the compression level of the urban contexts will be determined, and using the Delphi method and AHP technique, the weight of each index would be determined. Finally, in order to comprehensive and integrated evaluation of the indices and assessing the compression level of the two discussed quarters in the city of Yazd, we used the GIS and the overlap analysis. The type of this research is of application and has been done by the descriptive – analytical method In Gazorgah quarter from the historical context and Forudgah quarter from the new context of the city of Yazd. According to the obtained results, in 46.77% of Gazorgah quarter, are situated in the historical context, the degree of compression is median and higher, whereas the number in Forudgah quarter is as of 38.17%. Besides, in the historical context, the distribution of the compaction is balanced and closer to the normal distribution.

In central Iran, and at its heights, especially within mountainous valleys, there are landforms that cannot be found in the current climate conditions. Most researchers find these landforms related to Quaternary glacial periods and ice performance. In the research, we will try to find and justify glacial landforms in the Qezrabad basin. Qezrabad basin located in the south-west of Yazd city in the west slopes of Shirkuh Mountain along 31Ao 48A´7" to 32Ao of northern latitudes and 53Ao 49A´ 42" to 54Ao of eastern longitudes. This research has been performed on the basis of field studies and direct observation of glacial landforms. But, we studied topographical and geological maps and also aerial photographs, at first. The resulted information of the maps was controlled with GPS system in the field. Results showed two major erosional processes occurred in the Qezrabad basin at the base of a glacier. First, deposition process includes moraines, tills, tillite, and erratic. The second process of erosion involves the abrasive action involve QezrAbad broad valley and cirques. Results show glacial traces for two periods, probably the first and the latest In the Qezrabad basin in Pleistocene. Tillites laid as unconformity layer on the bedrock (shale stone) indicate the first glaciation, and tills and moraine on the slope and aside of the river indicate the latest. Besides, erosions, glacial sediments, broad valley, and cirques are additional heritages to confirm glaciated the basin. Erosions have descended to the height 1560 meters. The height is the boundary of glacier setting in quaternary in the Qezrabad basin. As a result, the setting of morpho-climatic and morpho-dynamic for glacier period in comparison with present so that the glacier setting has been replaced with sub-glacier setting.

Dave Mace is one of the proposed Geopark geomorphosites located in the West of Khorasan Razavi which has attracted the attention of geomorphologists and earth tourists due to its scarcity, surprisingness, and display of geological processes. The purpose of this study is to quantify and geometric mace, to express how the genesis, deterioration and the importance of the geomorphological form. The research method is based on library and field studies. In this research, authentic sources of literature and geological and topographic maps were used to validate the geology and topography for literature and to delve into the location and from instruments such as the meter, inclinometer and compass and Scale Weights for morphometry, as well as dendrogeomorphology tools for measuring time. The results show that the altitudes of geopark, where there conglomerate formations, has the potential to form mace. Mace columns are not great heights and the age of some of them, according to the estimates of the rate of removal of sediments dates back to more than 20 thousand years ago. The leeches on the caps of some maces are more than 1000 years old. The slope of some maces is higher than 40 degrees. With the removal and erosion of the upper part, the pillar of the mace approaches its decay. Finally, one of the uses of some maces, in addition to its stunning beauty, is in geotechnics; that is, at least 10, 000 years ago there was no earthquake above 5 Richter.

Health issues that will affect the development of the affected area, which is why Article 29 of the Constitution has given full attention to health. Today, the quality and health of the living conditions of urban and rural residents are considered as the main goal of urban and regional planning policies. Also, the health status of the community is a critical and important issue for planners. In order to solve the problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to recognize and level the areas of enjoyment in various fields, especially health services. The aim of the present study is to determine the spatial analysis of the cities of Khuzestan province in terms of geographical health indicators. In this descriptive-analytical study, the statistical data from the Statistical Yearbook 1391 in Khuzestan province have been used. At first, the most important indicators of health geography were determined and then, based on these indicators, the status of 24 provinces of Khuzestan province in terms of having health indicators, using grayscale analysis method, and the results indicate that Ahwaz city is more desirable than other cities of Khuzestan province. Then, the developmental level of the cities of Khuzestan province in terms of health indicators using Morris incoherent coefficient has been extended to four groups: developed, developing, less developed, and deprived. They were distributed using the ARC / GIS system. The results of this research show that, according to the results of the Morris model of the whole city of the province, 6 counties were developed, 8 were developing cities, 8 were less developed cities, and two were deprived cities.

Models of simulation and optimization of land use change are tools to understand the driving factors and consequences of land use change and to predict and explain the changes in land use over time and space. These models with scenario analysis tools can help policy makers and land use planners. Many types of land use models and applications already exist that each has a different perspective to look at the issue. Reviewing the land use change concepts and classifying the relevant models in terms of methodology is the first step in understanding the concepts and applying these models in real-world applications. In addition, having a comprehensive insight to the models and methods, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each, can make a significant contribution to researchers to develop new generation of models that are more integrated and comprehensive. So in this paper, we have discussed the field of land use change in three parts: core concepts, core principles, and modeling methods. First, the conceptual aspects that distinguish among studies in the field of land use change modeling will be described and then, core principles based on them land use changes occur are described. In the rest of the paper, the flow of these concepts and principles in different models and a complete classification of the existing models in terms of methodology have been explained. Based on this classification and review, some of the research priorities in land use modeling are presented and suggestions for future development of these models have been represented. The need for more attention to integrity and development of models with comprehensive goals as well as development of new and efficient solution methods are the most important of research area in this field.

Each science has a historical origin, mode of attitude, and a developmental course throughout history and all sciences are affected by environmental conditions, concept and scientific paradigms. For this reason, the study of scientific schools and paradigms throughout history and their effects on a particular discipline helps to clarify the identity of that discipline and helps researchers to understand the scientific discipline, the necessity of existence, goals and methods of research. Geomorphology, as an independent science discipline, has not been affected and has influenced the historical approaches. For this reason, it is necessary to study the schools and paradigms affecting the geomorphology field and the development of different approaches in this field in order to properly understand this field of science. The main method of this research is library-analytical and it has been tried to explain their historical connection with geomorphology while describing the schools and paradigms.

Philosophy Study and theoretical foundations of Changes in geographic space are the most important issues in the philosophy of geography. In other words, the space as important theme of geography, were have been produced by numerous makings that less were have been talked about it. In fact, in the modern age, new changes in space increase by new instruments such as communication tools. While, there are Philosophical relations between communication and mass media tools and changes in the geographical space that less were have been studied in recent years. Communication tools and mass media is one of the important tools that with helping them, the distribution of information, move so quickly in the geographical space. In other words, at present has been were represented important part of issued places such as in urban, rural… by communication instruments and mass media tools. These tools have been increased speed comparing the places with each other. So it seems that one of the most important tools to assess the level of development and location status and judgments about how functions of dominant decision maker and planner about space is communication tools. So, It can be take consider a fundamental and philosophical relationship between environmental changes and function of mass medias and communications tools. In this research were struggled with theoretical -analytical approaches that Fields of environmental change can beexplainedon the basis of mass Medias and communication instruments function. Finding research reveals that nowadays, most part philosophical geography space changings is related to media mass functions.

Production and consumption of electricity in Iran is one of the most important issues in long-term planning. Studies show that the global warming will increase dramatically in the coming decades, which will lead to increase in electricity demand. There is a significant correlation between 5-10 years mean electricity consumption and country-averaged temperature. In this study, mean annual electricity consumption across Iran has been parameterized using 5-year country-averaged annual temperature. The 5-yaer mean temperature of Iran was forecasted to 2100 using statistical downscaling of three General Circulation models of Had CM, NCCCSN and MPEH5. Then, 5-year mean electricity consumption of Iran during 2020s up to 2100s has been simulated by the combination of electricity-temperature parameterization equation and future 5-year temperature. The results showed that the average temperature will increase in the periods of 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 by 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6oC, respectively when comparing to the baseline period of 1961-1990. Increasing temperatures will lead to increased electricity demand over the country by 51, 81.4 and 117.2 GW comparing to the average electricity consumption in the most recent five-year (1386-1990) available electricity consumption data. The results of this study can be used in nation’s long-term planning for future energy demands, power plant development and climate change adaptation. period of 1961-1990. Increasing temperatures will lead to increased electricity demand in the country by 51, 81.4 and 117.2 MW comparing to the average electricity consumption in the most recent five-year available electricity consumption data (1386-1990). The results of this study can be used in nation long-term planning for future energy demands and power plant development.