Geography and Environmental Planning
Year:2011 | Volume:22 | Issue:3 (43)|Papers Count:15

Introduction: More than two thirds of Iran located at the arid and semi arid areas. Deficit of precipitation, reduced biodiversity and low density of vegetation. Poor vegetation allows to the wind to easily erode the soils and removes surface soil, from source areas and move to other places. In wind erosion we can recognize tree zones, Detachment zone (deflation and Afflation), transportation and accumulation. Preventing of movement of aeolian sediment from source region is a basic task and executive operations have to concentrate at the source region. In order to stabilization of source region of sands, identification of sources areas are necessary.

Introduction: Dust storm as an atmospheric phenomena and a well-known natural disaster has been of a great consideration to many scientist and researchers in different fields of study including atmospheric sciences. Origin, mechanisms of formation, transfer, and distribution as well as the consequences of the phenomenon have been investigated using different methods. Countries located in the arid and semi-arid belt of the world including Iran have been concerned with the dust storm phenomenon. Recent years repeated droughts and possible results of climate change as a result of desertification have brought dust storms to the attention of many scientists.Dust in the atmosphere as a pollutant has many different negative consequences among which reduction in growth and efficiency of crops, incidence of pests, plant diseases, and the increase in road accidents due to vision decrease, flight cancels and its cost and health costs can be mentioned. In spite of their Middle Eastern and African origin, the dust crossing the Middle East countries like Iran may reach India and China, cross the Pacific Ocean and reach North America.

Introduction: Tourism is one the most dynamic economic sectors of world as the estimation of WTO showed it sector precedes all sectors regarding to revenues earning and also it would be the largest international commercial sector. Tourism creates many economic benefits such as foreign currency, GNP increase, employment and social improvement for tourism destinations.   Iran is one of the ten tourism attractions countries of the world by its various historical assets which places it in fifth place worldwide and it enjoys diverse plant-animal species which encourages ecotourism. Also Iran is one of the three first counties by its diverse handcrafts. While it has only 0.5 percent of tourism income and placed in Ninetieth County compared to others.

Slum is a character of urbanization and urban is the main character of industrial society. In pre-industrial societies, production activities concentrated in rural areas, the main activity was agriculture. and farmers formed much of the work force, while the population of cities, small towns and many residents had no significant employment base. With the advent of the industrial revolution changed all these dimensions and entering new industries, the need for labor increased in urban areas, thus ¬ a major migration to the cities, villages spread (Mohseni, 1998). Today, all cities are faced with the phenomenon marginalized, so that the Babar mentioned to some slum (kind of marginalized) in England in the 100 years ago and refers them knows from the Industrial Revolution (Mumtaz Babar, 2001).

Introduction: Iran is one of the arid countries in second world arid continent means Asia. The average of world annual rain is almost 860 millimeter. While this number in our country is almost 250 millimeter and in Yazd province is almost 61.2 millimeter that means less of 1/4 average Iran’s rain and less of 1/4 average world rain of course, this amount in consecutive years wouldn’t access in steady process and this irregularity in frame work of arid and torrential rains cause wore damage to human and physical environment relative to quantity.Yazd province as a third province content of critic focus for windy erosion after Kerman and Khorasan for reason of region abnormality such as decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature Severely involved with this phenomenon and desert consecutive such as subsidence of underground water sources. Thus it is necessary satiable program which in this way could control one of the biggest obstacles developments.

Introduction: Identification of heavy rainfall events are important in the design of water-related structures, agriculture, weather modification, policy making and planning and in monitoring climate change. Generally the change in rainfall in the world was examined in both time and space. Hence, much attention has been paid to different methods of analysis of extreme precipitations during recent years.Karl and Knight (1998), studied the twentieth century trends of precipitation are examined by a variety of methods to more fully describe how precipitation has changed or varied. They believed that since 1910, precipitation has increased by about 10% across the contiguous United States. The increase in precipitation is reflected primarily in the heavy and extreme daily precipitation events. For example, over half 53% of the total increase of precipitation is due to positive trends in the upper 10 percentiles of the precipitation distribution.

Introduction: The knowledge of urban crisis management is attributed to a set of activities done before, during and after the crisis to lower the effects of these events and vulnerabilities. This matter has a special relationship with the urban planning topics, urban management and geography.In this regard, administrative agencies and organizations related to the crisis play a determinant role in controlling and managing the crisis of a country. Hence, the presence of various power and decision-making centers in system are regarded as the reasons of a country’s weakness in encountering with the crisis circumstances.

One of the effective factors in coastal area creation is the sea hydrodynamic and it is considered in all plans related to the beach. In this article, the sea hydrodynamic in Strait of Hormuz and the sea water movements including tide waves and marine movements in the delta bases of the area have been studied. It is considerable that the delta of the area is being threatened and instable and is affected by marine water movements including tide, waves and marine movements. These movements have resulted in instability of this part for human capability in exploitation. Therefore dynamic investigation of the marine water movements on coastal line and then on coastal tide is the goal of this study.

Climate is numbered amongst the most significant factors which have been considered throughout the history and almost most of agricultural activities deal with a few meteorological factors diurnally (Mohammadi and Moghtaderi, 2005, 163. Therefore, one of the most important and effective factors in human activities especially in the agrarian section, is climate so that nearly all cultivations should be done in connection with climatic conditions, otherwise it might simply fall through the cultivation process. Limitation and boundaries of the agricultural crop productions is highly depends on the climatic conditions (Mohammadi, 2007, 89). This research aims to examine the climatic conditions for Saffron cultivation in Marvdasht city.

Introduction: According to the theory of structural geologists and scientists groundwater for the meeting and subsequent rupture and failure and deprive them of the tectonics and geotechnical.Rostagh with more than 13 villages is located in 35 km NW of Yazd in Yazd-Ardakan plain, along the length of main road.Yazd-Ardakan plain with 60 km length and an average width of 15 km is located between Yazd and Ardakan. The Rostagh aquifer is part of big Yazd-Ardakan field aquifer. The shortage and decline of Rostagh aquifer has been 15.4 m. during last 20 years ago.

Introduction: Humans and plants can grow in a certain temperature range and shall bear their ability against the high and low temperatures are limited. Decrease temperature of minimum thresholds of plants and occurrence of frost damage on roads every year the vast country’s economy will enter. Study the tempo-spatial distribution of frost occurrence is the most fundamental climate research, which can planners to reduce cold and frost damage to guide and assist (Kamali, 151:2002).Many studies in Iran and the world about this phenomenon have been done. The most important studies in other countries can be Suckling Studies (1988), in the southeastern United States, Watkins (1991) in the UK, Eriksson and Lindquist (2002) noted in Sweden.

Introduction: In today’s world, housing has affected many aspects of human life (Farhangi, 1995, 54). Economically, housing allocated more than 50 percent of income households. In addition to aspects of economic, social and cultural aspects of housing are important too. Appropriate housing can provide favorable conditions for family activities and stability and solidarity (Dallalpour Mohamadi, 2000, 5). Meanwhile, many people more than half our life passed in house (Shieh, 2004, 209), attention to quality and appropriateness of housing with minimum standards are essential to healthy housing.