Social Development and Welfare Planning
Year:2016 | Volume:7 | Issue:26 |Papers Count:13

World Health Organization supposes health as something more than the absence of sickness or disability. It also considers health in a way that it includes the psychological, social as well as spiritual aspects of human beings. Present research has been performed on the basis of an abductive strategy through application of Extensive ethnographic methods aiming at representation of management-related strategies oriented toward consideration of spirituality in governmental hospitals located in Shiraz. Two main research questions include: how meta-physical dimensions of main actors of the health system including their psychological, social as well as spiritual aspects are being considered by decision makers of the medical therapeutic complexes? What are the most important observed instances put in contrast with the principles of medical ethics? The informants of the study include physicians, lecturers of medical ethics, nurses, hospital managements, social workers, patients and their visitors as well. The mentioned informants have been selected purposefully through multi-level qualitative sampling. Analysis of data gathered through various ways of data seeking such as in-depth as well as semi-structured interviews, photo taking and review of hospital documents shows that regarding psychological, social and spiritual aspects of the main actors of the cure system can be represented under the label " advisory obligatory prescription" as a final theme and "religious spirituality", "organizational spirituality" and "personal professional culture of system of cure services" as total themes. Furthermore, in therapeutic centers, institutionalization of spirituality, as a management ideal, has been mostly fulfilled on the basis of religious teachings with special reference to juridical preferences.

The present research examines the social factors influencing the social health. This is a survey to identify and examine the most important social factors which influence the social health of the elderly in the city of Kouhdashat. This research is an explanatory study, with all the elderly of 60 years of age and older living in Kouhdasht as its statistical population. About 5508 people were 60 or over in 2006, when the research was conducted; 359 persons of this population were selected through Cochran’ s formula and studied. To evaluate the rate of the social health and the influential social variables, the standard Keyes questionnaire and the researchers’ questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed, were used. The research shows that most of subjects had an average social health. Also there was a significant and direct association between social support, social status, communication skills and social health. However, no significant association was observed between spare time and social health.

The phenomenon called “ female headed household” is a social fact seen in all societies, happening for different reasons. This social group seriously needs social security for making a living and doing social-economic activities. The main goal of this research is to study the factors that influence the social security of women who serve as heads of household, considering the financial, physical, sentimental and communicable aspects of social security. This research is a survey with a statistical sample of 400 women responsible for their families, who are supported by NGOs in Tehran. The data has been analyzed using Multi-Variables Regression and Structural Equation Model (SEM). The research results indicate that the economic factor is the most effective factor among factors such as environmental, legal and family factors. In light of the result of this study, by providing the economic and environmental support for these women so that they feel socially security, they can be empowered.

Urban sustainability depends on relative welfare, citizen participation and social awareness for all community members. In fact, sustainability requires observing social and spatial justice and balanced attention to different aspects of community life, so that human resources optimistically take part in the development process. Today, due to the growth of cities, the physical development of cities and the lack of equitable distribution of services and facilities, spatial inequalities in different spheres, particularly in the field of education of urban residents, are among the key factors affecting the sustainability of settlements. Therefore addressing the issues of spatial inequality and educational inequality are very important. This paper tries to analyze educational inequality in different urban blocks and its role in the stability of the city ofSaqqez. For the purpose of this research, analytical method was used and to gather data and information, library method was employed. The statistical data belonged to 2011, available in theCenter ofStatistics ofIran; the data was analyzed using spatial statistics models, Hot Spot Analysis and Autocorrelation Moran’ s I. The results show that theblocks of Saqqez had educational inequality. Blocks 1, 6, 7, 8, 13, 17, and 18 had an undesirable situation, while blocks 2, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, and 19 had a proper situation. And distribution pattern of educational inequality in Saqqez follows the cluster model. According to the results from Pearson Test, between educational inequalities and urban sustainability, with a correlation coefficient of (-0. 054 **) and with regard to the significance level of less than (0. 050), there is a reverse significant relationship. This means that an increase in the educational inequality has a negative impact on urban sustainability.

This article aims to examine the factors influencing tendency towards active social citizenship of citizens 18 years and older in YazdProvince. This research was carried out in the form of a survey, and questionnaires were used to gather data. The sample size was estimated at 650 people who reside in the counties (shahrestan) of Yazd, Taft, Bafgh and Behabad. The results show that the mean of tendency towards active social citizenship is 3. 45, which is somehow more than the middle extent in the 1 to 5 grade continuum. Stepwise regression results show that the variables of social trust, social efficacy, the level of education and gender had a significant impact on tendency towards active social citizenship; in total, 23% of changes in active social citizenship are explained by these four variables. Furthermore, the variables of attitude to political system and the feeling of having citizenship rights had an indirect impact on tendency towards active social citizenship.

Young people, especially students, are a major part of human capital in any society and it costs a lot to maintain and improve their health. Despite the known harms of smoking for health, tobacco smoking is popular among the youth and students. This research aims to explore the role of leisure in smoking among students on the basis of understanding this socially significant action. The study is a qualitative research and grounded theory has been used to achieve the study objective. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. 50 male students, in the dormitory of YazdUniversity, were non-randomly selected to participate in the study. By analyzing the data in terms of open, axial and selective coding, five main concepts, including lack of family supervision, limited sports facilities, coffee house leisure, passive leisure and tobacco consumption, as the main categories, and a core theoretical variable, i. e. leisure as the context for tobacco consumption, were extracted. Eventually, a paradigmatic model was derived from data.