Journal of Subcontinent Researches
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

A survey of the role of link roads in trade and culturl connections, especially in Sub-continent area with Iran, on the basis of archaeological evidence, is a new attempt which this article is concentrated on it.As archaeology is growing science that continues to discover the material remains of man, it is the best evidence to understand human relations that shows close co-operation between the neighbouring countries.A survey on influence of Iranian Civilization in Sind and what they have got from Sind Civilization, with attention to link roads and perpetual current of trading along with these roads, will bring a light on many questions that people on this vast area in concerning of their relation development are searching. How much the cultural elements have gone from the East to the West or from the West to the East by trading, and where the first origin of those elements was, are the main objectives that this article tries to answer. Lastly, there is this thesis that we can reach to a reasonable security by revival and rebuilding these ancient roads for the nations who are staying on this vast geographical area.

Savant Iqbal has clearly shown his ideas about the life and its secrets in his poems. Subject matters such as: love, faith, hope and wish, effort, movement and dynamics, foreseeing and self-understanding in Iqbal's works have a clear and vast position. When he joins these subjects with the meaning of life they find a new gleam and manifestation. Iqbal considers hope and wish as the main treasure of the life and life as the treasurer of this valuable wealth. Selfless, self-understanding and self-making are the same as the holiness of circumambulation of the Ka'aba. He considers free-living, bearing the difficulties and problems and not accepting others authority as the symbols of life. The life is getting rid of the other people, considering yourself as the temple of Mecca. (Iqbal, 1376, Self secrets, 45) Iqbal, referring to Quranic verses, believes that it is essential for man t have a self-concept. In other words, he puts great value on self-conception being considered as a light hidden in our nature and by appearing its flash the right course of life will be appeared to us and it will direct us toward prosperity. The spot of life which is called selfless, There is life under our dust. (Iqbal, 1376, Self-secrets, 45).

Many cults and religions have emerged in Indian subcontinent through ages to meet needs of inhabitants, religion permeates all aspects of social, economic and political life in there and one common trait of all beliefs of the subcontinent is the openness to influence or other faiths of the same region. A good example is «Sikhism» which could be viewed as an epitome of combined Islamic and Hindu spiritualities. Here we intend to perform a brief study of Sikhism using the descriptive-analytic method. We will try to give a picture of the emergence of Sikhism as well as its basics and tenets and also to give brief biography of its founders.

The Constitutional Movement of Iran was formed under the effects of different factors; among them was the role of Persian Press printed abroad. Newspapers as a mass medium, gained a high reputation then; those which where printed outside Iran, especially in India, were managed by progressive and revolutionary intellectuals. By writing different articles, they were criticizing severely the political, social and economical conditions of Qajar government. In India, approximately nineteen newspapers were printed and published which had a significant influence on the Iranian democratic movement. This research aims at studying the Persian newspaper sprinted in India and their effects on the Iranian Constitutional Movement. The printing of these papers started in 1822 in different cities of India and in 1846 reached its peak through publishing 6 Persian newspapers and continued in the following years. Consequently, India can be called one of the primary bases for intellectual and cultural developments of Iranians at the beginning of recent centuries. These evolutions had political and social outcomes in Iran; among them was the Constitutional Movement.

Iran and the subcontinent have had wide cultural, verbal, religious, artistic, commercial and industrial relationship with each other from the time they made Indo-Iranian branch and had the same language, religion and race. In the course of time when they settled in two different areas, their humors and nature changed too, but the language, race and culture never cut. Iranian and Indian common myths have been built then. After the establishment of Achaemenidae, the Arsacides and the Sasasanide governments their verbal and cultural connections continued and in this respect, historians have given a lot of proofs. These relationships strengthened after Islam, especially during Ghaznavid dynasty increased and for about nine centuries Persian language (Farsi) became the official language of rulers in the courts of Indian kings. After the influence of England in this country, Persian language (Farsi) replaced by English language gradually and the valuable and shared heritage lost its splendor in less than a century.In this essay, through analyzing historical texts, we try to study the historical process of influence of Persian language and culture.

The complete description of the Amir Hasan Ala Sajzi's life has not been discovered so far and whatever knows about him that is through the Biographies and Historical books. According to the known sources, he was among the famous poets and sufies. Contemporary and later biographers and historians wrote his biographies with the available resources and sayings. The said resources reveal different auspects of his life such as " Seirul Oliya ' by Amir Khord, "Seirul Aarfin" by Sheikh Jamali, "Akhbarul Akhiyar;' by Mohdith Dehlavi and "Baharistan" by Shah Nawaz Khan and famous book of history 'Tarikhe Firozshahi" by Ziauddin Barani and "Tarikhe Hind" by Md. Qasem Farishte. This article deals with the contents of the said biographies and historical books.

Communicating background of India Valley or South east of Iran goes back to 3rd millennium B.C. It is possible that this kind of communication had also been existed in previous periods, but 3rd millennium B.C. was the pick of the communication. This period sometime known as Gun-metal (admiralty metal) age, is also the period of the citizenship appearance. Rural areas became bigger with population growth and the need for food grew, too. During this period the regions with suitable climate became the agricultural areas while there where places, because of having mines especially semi-precious stones, became significant. When the areas developed, their needs for fine and luxury materials increased causing to have a relationship with some of the other parts. In a general glance, we notice that we are faced with a big system in which its sub-systems have tangled with each other. The aim of the essay in hand is, while introducing this great system in the 3rd millennium B.C., studying the way of relationships between the South eastern areas of Iran and India Valley. Studying the sub-systems tangling with each other so closely that if there was a small problem with one of them the whole system might face with dangers. Relationship of mentioned areas is one of the essential points to be studied in this research so that we can get a better understanding from the mentioned civilizations.