JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 (39) |Papers Count:14

The period studied in this research 1971-2011 and estimates is based on a system of simultaneous equations and GMM method. Results research indicates that one percent increase in domestic research and development, human capital sector agriculture, degree of trade openness, real exchange rate and oil and gas exports are lead to a change external research and development in order the amount of 0/15, 2/22, 0/38, 0/33 and 0/87. Also, one percentage increase in the human capital of sector agriculture, degree of trade openness and oil and gas export leads to changing domestic research and development in order the amount of 4/04, 0/20 and 0/09. According to research results and in order to reduce the technology gap is suggested, coordinated demand side of policies with research of policies in direction create incentives in the economic actors the purpose of investment in research and development of agricultural sector, and with educational policy in order to develop human capital in order to attract new technologies of import channels and foreign direct investment flows.

The necessary data were obtained through questionnaires from 110 farmer in the Dehgolan plain during 2013-2014. The results showed that, after estimating the flexible and inflexible due to econometric tests, both the Cobb-Douglas function and transcendental functions have been selected as the best functional forms. The Cobb-Douglas function had more preference than transcendental function using constrained least squares test. the value of the marginal product of water per cubic meter based on the Cobb-Douglas production function and Transcendental function were equal to 1689 and 1093 Rials respectively. The final cost per cubic meter of irrigation water was 625 Rials. The difference between the economic value and the final cost of water, can be one of the reasons for the excessive consumption and lack of water savings in the production of hay. The self-price elasticity of water demand is equal to-2. 72 which indicated that, the demand elasticity of this input toward the changes in the price of water. Therefore, the use of pricing policies may will be an appropriate economic instrument to reduce the water consumption.

bread as a basic commodity, had a significant contribution to food security of urban and rural households. So explaining changes in bread price in Iran, is among the major issues for economists in the field of food security. the study aimed to analyze the food security situation in Iran was designed along with the elimination of bread subsidy. For this purpose, first bread was separated from the food and beverage section in social accounting matrix. Then, several bread subsidy elimination scenarios in the short and long terms were considered and resolved within the framework of computable general equilibrium (CGE). In the final step, the food security situation was discussed by using the import dependency ratio (IDR) index. Results showed that changes in the production, import and export will have a decreasing trend in the short and long terms. Also bread subsidy elimination in the long term will provide more food security through imports. In addition, it was observed that by applying the policy, changes in the dependency ratio on imports will increase.

The process of liberalization and commercialization of agriculture as one of the largest economic sectors, for many developing countries, including issues considered vital in the business world. To achieve this goal, the Social Accounting Matrix 1390 were aggregated into 30 economic sectors and sub-sectors the effects of a liberalization of agriculture and horticulture, animal husbandry, forestry and fishing on the cost of living index for low, medium and high-income rural and urban areas respectively. The results show that, as a result of trade liberalization, civic groups to increase rural income groups will experience greater cost.

One of the most suitable approch in which collaboration between researchers, promoters and farmers is facilitated and causes product and technology transfer is a Farmers Field School approach (FFS). It is a collaborative approach that uses informal adult learning methods based on practical learning techniques and is used collaborative learning methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the participation rate of Rice producers in order to participate in FFS training. Its territory was located in Rasht province in 2015. The statistical population of this research was all produsers of Rasht province (130 people) who have participated in FFS course in 2015. Using Cochran's relation, 97 people were selected as sample and randomly. The results of this study showed that the sub-cultivar, history of breeding, history of farming and the age of Rice produser had a positive effect on the number of farmers, and the number of components, the average annual agricultural income, and the average annual income of the non-agricultural sector were negatively affected.

This paper, by estimating the domestic water demand function, determines the minimum consumption in the Varamin area. For this purpose, have been used annual time series data between 982-2015, Geary-Stone utility descriptive form and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag. Research variables include average household income, average temperature, price, water per capita consumption and consumer price index ratio. The tests for determining the causal and causal relationship between the time series of drinking water data were performed with Eviews 9 software. The results of income elasticity indicate the necessity of domestic water demand in Varamin. . Other results of the research have a positive and significant effect of the ratio of the consumer price index to the water price index on per capita water volume. Based on estimates, the minimum water consumption of every citizen of Varamin is 152 liters per day.

Organic agriculture is one of the strategies of sustainable agriculture that relies on natural methods to control pests and diseases, and the use of synthetic pesticides and herbicides, chemical fertilizers, hormones and antibiotics as possible is prohibited. The aim of this study was to investigate the problems and obstacles in the development of organic farming are evaluated Jalyzkaran city. Applied research and descriptive, correlational, respectively. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The results showed that age, education level, lower consumption of chemical fertilizers, the pesticides, the use of chemical pesticides, the use of chemical pesticides, the impact of classroom-extension, the attitude towards healthy products and the provision of subsidies for inputs and impact tools Organic cultivation is significant.

Choose the reasonable and effective decisions in the field of regulation of agricultural product needs to be aware of the coefficient of price and cross elasticity of demand function. In this study, demand system of meat product included hen, beef and aquatic meat estimated in the form of almost ideal demand system (aids) during the period of 1987-2011. According to the results of research, aquatic meat demand was High-sensitive and hen meat demand was constant sensitivity. Hen and beef meat have income elasticity between zero and on and aquatic meat with Income elasticity greater than one, is luxury product. Also in the period under study, according to cross elasticity of demand estimated, all three types of meat products are considered substitute. Due to the low coefficient of cross elasticity of demand for all types of meat (Meat elasticity of Aquatic-Hen 0. 2, Meat elasticity of Beef-Hen 0. 21 and Meat elasticity of Beef-Aquatic 0. 33), Should not be expected to change in the price of meat, altered significantly other meat demand.

In the present study, the water balance of Nishapur catchment calculated using renewable and index {consumption ratio to renewable water} in three years of normal water, wet and dry samples were examined. Therefore, the optimal cropping patterns based on renewable water levels in the region with the aim of providing maximum benefit to farmers was determined based on the results of the irrigated area of about 43, 000 hectares of land are illegal. Also, the results of the sensitivity analysis model of mathematical programming that two water status of renewable (drought and famine ) shadow price of water in the spring between the values (804. 7 to 1607), summer (200 to 3050) and autumn and winter between ( 0 to 430 ) Rls. Estimates of the demand function and measure the response of farmers to changes in water prices showed that with change of water prices, Motivation to cropping patterns change, Reallocation and More water-efficient crops and water saving in agriculture occur.

Increase of old orchards is an important challenging issue in Iran’ s date palm sector. This study has conducted in order to determine the optimal replacement age of date palms of commercial cultivar of Sayer (Estaomran) in Ahwaz region. General survey based on stratified random sampling with interview forms and library studies used to collect the data needed to achieve the research objectives and Faris approach was used to determine the date palm optimal replacement age. Two scenarios were defined and studied in this research. Insert rate has been set equal to normal baking insert rate for the first scenario while normal insert rate +4% for the second scenario. Results showed that in the first scenario, optimal replacement age of Sayer palms in Ahwaz region is 38 years. Sensitivity analysis showed that with 10% and 20% change in product price and production costs, replacement age is changing almost the same but inversely. Replanting Sayer palms found not cost-effective at any age in the second scenario. Encountering this condition, growers reject replacing their old palms to avoid loss of investment. In this condition the government role is important in supporting date growers through increase of growers’ knowledge or financial aids for enhancement of orchards productivity like replacing Sayer palms with other higher-yielding varieties due to the importance of date palm sector in national economy and regional employment.

The main problem of water resources management in the country, a balance between water supply and demand and to maintain this balance, the price or value of water is decisive role. The present study to determine the economic value of groundwater, for the long grain rice and long grain quality is high yielding. Information necessary to achieve the purpose of the survey of 205 rice farmers water their crops only for plain city water extracted from wells may have been collected in the crop year 1393-94. In determining the shadow price of water for the two varieties of rice in the way of positive mathematical programming (PMP), depending on the level of water available, farmers were divided into four groups studied and results showed that under scenarios of reduced 5 to 40 percent the amount of water, water prices respectively, in the first group (the most available water) and fourth (lowest available water) of 1810, 4370, 4770 and 4370 Rials was calculated to 3830 Rials is estimated at an average price of water is obtained.

The market of agricultural products such as any other markets is facing with some ups and downs in the commodity prices which is generally considered as the potential characteristic of the markets showing the ongoing processes within the market. Sometimes the market will be faced with some unexpected robust reactions which have the negative effects on the people's economic situation. In this regard, the problem of unstable market, and formation of price bubble is a main issue in agricultural markets in which this formation, considering the role of agricultural products especially strategic products in providing needed nutrition for people's life, has negative impacts on the citizen's food security. In this article the existence of price bubble in the Iranian imported market of some strategic imported commodities during 1357-1390, has been investigated in the formwork of Right-Tailed Unit Root Test Method, by Phillips et. al. The findings from research show that the dealing of grain experienced a bubble price while in case of edible oil, wheat, and tea such a problem was not verified.