JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 (37) |Papers Count:13

The current study aimed to examine the law of one price by using the monthly data in wholesale and retail markets of potato and tomato during the period of 2010 to 2014 in Tehran. The applied techniques consist of new method of time series econometrics such as HEGY test, Johansen co-integration and vector error correction model. The result of HEGY test indicates the unit root at zero frequency. Furthermore, the Johansen co-integration test revealed the positive relationship between wholesale and retail prices in two markets. The consequence of Granger test represents the unidirectional causality from wholesale prices to the retail ones and the outcome of vector error correction model in each period suggests that 26 and 30 percent of short-run disequilibrium derived by impulse response variables are adjusted in order for tomato and potato markets. As a result, taking the necessary precautions to reduce retail price coherence of the two products to their wholesale price is suggested to the authorities due to restrain price volatilities.

Exchange rate volatility is one of the major constraints to trade. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exchange rate volatility on trade in agricultural products in the period 1980-2012. For measurement real exchange rate volatility of symmetrical patterns, non-linear and asymmetric GARCH estimated. Ultimately EGARCH (Exponential) coefficient which indicated the presence of asymmetry in exchange rate volatility as a model for the index of exchange rate volatility was selected. To investigate the relationship between variables in the equations, Johansen Juselius vector error correction model (VECM) is used. The results of the model estimates shows that, in the long run, exchange rate volatility had negative effect on exports of agricultural products. Other results also shows that foreign currency revenues earned from exporting oil had  negative effect on the export and import of agricultural products. Gross domestic product, in the long-term, had  negative and significant effect on imports of agricultural products. Decreasing the exchange rate volatility and targeting it in a reasonable boundary according to economic conditions could enhance agricultural export and increase the potential for planning of production.

Economic policies with an impact on farmers’ choice of cropping pattern has key role on soil erosion changes. The purpose of this study is to provide a multi-sector general equilibrium model to examine the tax-trade policies on soil erosion and to assess their economic implications. Results simulated with using data from 2011 for Iran’s economy and policies prioritized with using numerical taxonomy method. Based on results, policies such upland food production tax (-7.54%) and lowland food production subsidy (-7.20%) that directly target crop farmers are more effective in comparison with policies such export subsidy on tree crops (-3.65%) and tariff reduction is manufacturing (-0.33%) in order to reduce soil erosion. Among the four policies, lowland food production subsidy improves economic indices in addition to substantial reduction of soil erosion and based on ranking results, lowland food production subsidy policy is the best policy in more than 70% scenarios. As a result, lowland food production subsidy policy suggested for solving the soil erosion problem in Iran.

Orzooiyeh plain is the most important and the largest crop production in Kerman province in Iran. The main sources of water supply in the plain are groundwater resources and unfortunately their excessive extraction has declined water table and created economical and environmental externalities. The aim of present study is estimation of the effect of ground water tables decline on welfare of farmers. For this purpose, first, production and cost functions of corn and then welfare function was estimated and Welfare changes were calculated in respect to changes in groundwater table. The required data and information were obtained through interviews with 151 farmers in the area in cropping year 2014-15 and Agriculture Organization of Kerman and Kerman Regional Water Authority. Results of this study showed that per one meter drop in water ground water table due to excessive withdrawals, welfare of farmers reduce to the amount of 72.3 million rials and total of welfare reduction of Orzouiyeh plain due to aquifer deficit is 58.3 billion rials.

The increased consumption and the depletion of resources is a key factor for concerning the issue of sustainable consumption. On the other hand, optimal consumption will help to increase production efficiency, profitability and competitiveness. Efficiency index demonstrates how we use our resource. So this article integrates fuzzy set theory in the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate efficiency scores when input and output data are fuzzy. FCCR and FSBM models used for calculate efficiency of farmers. 0.6 to 0.7, 39% between 0.5-0.6, 13% in 0.4-0.5 and the rest were greater than 0.7 efficient and by model FCCRI using the same index 7% of farmers had greater efficiency from 0.8 and 45% of their performance were between 0.7 to 0.8, and 25% in 0.6-0.7, 9% in 0.5-0.6 and 12% in 0.4-0.5. So by using these models no farmers have perfect efficiency.

this deficiency, the holistic approach (system thinking) used to study the impact of level of access to financial resources on investment growth, in this article. System Dynamics (SD) method used in this article as a tool for the implementation of system thinking approach to use its capabilities in complex systems modeling and for achieving suitable results from simulation model. The population under study is Fars province's agricultural processing industries. Period of study is 1360-1410. Vensim software used for modeling and simulating in this article. The results from the simulation of designed model showed, there is direct and interactive relationship between level of access to financial resources and amount of industrial investment.

The aim of this study was to determine the trend of energy use, energy indicators and econometric analysis of energy use model in production of Iran cereal in 1986 to 2008. After determining the amount of inputs used in product of production per hectare, every input was converted to equivalence energy. Results showed that the energy consumed in the production of cereal has increased in the period under study. As total energy inputs in cereal production, increased by 27% from 1986 to 2008, whereas total output energy increased about 43% from 1986 to 2008. Also, the indices of energy efficiency and productivity of crops has been increased during the period. Energy ratio is reached from 1.45 in 1986 to 1.85 in 2008. But the increase in energy ratio of productions has been accompanied by increasing input of energy show the dependency of agricultural ecosystems to input energy particularly non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels. The econometric analysis results revealed that pesticide and seed energy had a positive and significant impact on the cereal production.

the purpose of this study is investigation of the factors affecting price volatility for Iran's date. In order to investigate the factors affecting price volatility export of Iran's date has been used approach (ARDL) for 1949-2014. Among all of the variables, years of sanction and number of main target countries are significant at level of 5 percent and share of main target country is significant at the level of 10 percent. With increasing one percent in the number of main target countries, Iran's export prices will be increased in about 0.742 percent. Variable of share in main target country has negative effect on Iran's export prices. Diversity of Iran's export markets with reducing reliance of Iran's export to the main target country and more uniform distribution of export share among other target countries, creates the fewer price volatility of Iran's date export. So paying attention to the diversification of the target markets of date export with the aim of reducing Iran's price volatility in world markets will be necessary.

The main purpose of this study is identification of the effect of agricultural accounting standard application on the qualitative characteristics information rendered by the agriculture and animal husbandry companies (including relevance, reliability, timeliness, comparability, and understandability). The research method is a descriptive correlation, survey type. Auditors and shareholders of agriculture and animal husbandry firms in the second half of 1394 and the first half of 1395 consist of the statistical population of the study. The statistical sample calculated by the Cochran’s formula as 171. In order to test the hypothesis, SPSS software version 19 was used and with respect of normality or non-normality of data the one sample t-test and median test used. The results of testing the hypotheses showed that application of agricultural activities standard increase the qualitative characteristics of relevance and comparability but it has a negative impact in response to the reliability and understandability. Also, the research results showed that application of agriculture accounting standards did not any impact on the timeliness of presented information.

The aim of this study was to investigate of energy technology gap ratio of main crops in Sari city in 2016. The energy technical efficiency and energy technology gap ratio indices were computed using three approaches; group frontier stochastic production function, pooled frontier stochastic production function and the metafrontier function. Data were collected from Agriculture Jihad Organization of Mazandaran. The results showed that in case of filling the gap between other units and units of efficient products, whit no change in technologies the average amount of energy production for soybeans, canola, alfalfa, barley, wheat and rice could be 19, 23, 35, 33, 39 and 28 percent increase. The results also showed that highest energy technology gaps ratio for the products studied was related to soybean (0.81) and canola (0.67). Thus it is suggested that researchers and policymakers should be more attention about environmental goals, especially ETGR to sustainable use of energy consumption to at least one of the goals in optimization of cropping pattern.

The resource constraint in the economy, given the different needs of the human being, is the subject of technological advancement that has succeeded in overcoming it. analysis hierarchical approach (AHP) can be used as a tool with mathematical techniques in the formulation of goals. Its features are decision making and selection based on expert judgment. According to the results of this study, the production of saffron as the first priority and the production of grains, livestock production, dry production, the production of horticultural products, the production of bees and, finally, production of qualities were placed in the next priorities of agriculture in Khorasan Razavi province, respectively. This approach has been widely used in various fields and one of the other achievements of the present research is the use of a theoretical methodology that can be used as an introduction to the next steps and the application of this method in various dimensions.