JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES IN LINGUISTICS
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:2 (19) |Papers Count:5

The attempt in this article is to study the clitic pronouns in some Persian dialects of Razavi and southern Khorasan as there are many language verities in Khorasani dialects. Clitics have been used in the Persian Language from the very far past, that is, Ancient period, up to now. Passing of time have undergone changes in the functions and frequency of these clitics in Persian and its dialects. Since language changes of the dialects do not necessarily adhere to intra- and inter-lingual conditions of the changes in standard language, reviewing these changes can illuminate significant records about the process of creating these changes. It’s a descriptive-analytic research. The data of this research is taken either from the theses and articles or via the speech users of these dialects. The results showed while in some Persian dialects of Khorasan (such as Raqqe &Tabasi), the function of clitic pronouns is more diverse and frequent than standard Persian, in some other ones (Taybadi & Khafi), these clitics are not used or (in some like Sadeh) are not frequent or (like Kakhki) are in a different position comparing to standard Persian. Data analysis also showed that the factors like animacy and definiteness can affect the presence or absence of some clitic pronouns in some of these dialects (like Raqqe, Tabasi, Kakhki and sadeh).

In this research, we are going to describe and analyze the visual texts in those banners and billboards that their main concern is to reduce two environmental crises, i.e. the water shortage and the air pollution. The banners and the billboards were installed by Tehran's municipality during 1393-94, and they were archived in the municipality's site. In the research, all the samples were analyzed, but due to some limitations, just six samples were chosen randomly and reported here. The main question of the research is how the visual texts in the banners and the billboards can help to reduce the environmental crises of the water shortage and the air pollution in Tehran via using the multimodality discourse analysis. In order to answer the question, Cheong (2004) was used. The research is descriptive- analytic, and its results show that some elements of the generic structure according to Cheong (2004) have not set properly in municipality's banners and billboards. The results demonstrate some deviants from Cheong's generic structure. In general, it is concluded that if some changes have been made to the setting of the elements, the viewers can decode the visual texts easily. In this case, the advertisers can reach their goals which are reducing the environmental crises. It is important to mention that this research is not taking into consideration the viewer's perspective.

The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the spoken features of the recorded video message before the terrorist operation in 1396 based on the forensic linguistic approach. The present research seeks to answer the fundamental question of whether the message speaker has been successful in concealing the identity and nationality of the terrorist actors or the forensic linguistics in identifying them? This interdisciplinary field has been able to help with security issues with consonant phonetic analysis /g/ and the frequency of consonant /w/ and /v/ and the lack of consonants /ɫ/ and /r/ in some dialects of the Kurdish language. The results show that the speaker of the message has used the linguistic patterns of different systems of Kurdish language to conceal his identity and nationality, and so he has not followed a consistent procedural uniformity. He has tried to conceal the identity of the perpetrators of terrorism by using phonological processes; such as, vowel shifting, Ellipsis, weakening and strengthening in the phonemic system and verb construction in the syntactic system of Kurdish language. The research findings indicate that the speaker of the message, although he is an Iranian person, but he was trying to conceal his identity in the whole of his video message, and he has changed the kind of his pronunciation in a way that can't belong to Kermanshahi Kurdish, Khorasani Kurdish and Mukriyani Kurdish, and it can be belonged to the other Kurdish dialects that can be issued in the future researches.

Taarof is among the most important components of Persian cultural identity, dominant in almost every instance of social talk, and is considered the backbone of Persian ritual politeness (Beeman, 1976; Koutlaki, 2002, Izadi, 2015, 2016). Given this capacity, taarof has a great potential for intercultural mis/communication between Iranians and non-Iranians, and has direct implication for Iranian’s ‘relational connection with and separation from’ (Arundale, 2010) each other and the outer world. While building on the earlier studies on taarof, this paper examines the notion of face, understood as “relational connection and separation” (Arundale, 2010; 2013) in the interactions which reflect this concept. The data come from the transcriptions of audio-recorded natural every day conversations as well as video-recorded professional academic talk. The results show that, using face as relational and interactional, one can imagine certain amount of connection and separation simultaneously.

This study investigated the semantic variations of the compound words ending in yɑb ‘find’ in Persian based on Construction morphology. For this purpose, the words concerned were collected from Persian synchronic and diachronic corpora. These words were divided into three semantic categories of the characteristics of a human/non-human agent, instrument and personagent nouns, and belong to the two main lexical categories of adjective and noun. The diachronic investigation of the words revealed that the traditional hypothesis of the extension of the concept of agent to instrument was not applied in Persian. Rather, the noun ellipsis was involved in the formation of the two concepts of agent and instrument from the concept of the characteristics of the human/non-human agent in Persian. The loan translation of some words of English into Persian has been influential in the occurrence of such a process. The findings of this study revealed that the initial meaning of the construction should be considered as “the distinguishing characteristic of the entity related to the concept of finding and the first component” which is the most abstract correlation between form and meaning controlling the function of the compound words of[x-[yɑb]VPRES] construction in Persian. It seems that the “person” noun ellipsis has led to the formation of a schema with the meaning of “an agent performing the task of finding in relation to the concept of the first component”. A similar schema was used in the formation of the instrument schema with the meaning of “an object performing the task of finding in relation to the concept of the first component” through the application of the “device/software” noun ellipsis.