WOMAN IN CULTURE AND ART (WOMEN'S RESEARCH)
Year:2017 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:8

When faced with changes, communities always show resistance. Facing the modern world as a large change is not an exception. Some new traditions emerging from the modern world, regardless of the positive and negative valuations, due to not being aligned with traditional values are rejected by society and those who follow these new customs and traditions are judged. One of the ways to prevent changes in society is stigmatizing. Women who comprise half of the population when facing challenging situations far more sensitive than men, have special conditions. The current study examines how women are stigmatized when they follow modern values using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method which has four layers.The results indicate that the three components including “modern woman’s deconstruction", "rejection of modern woman from tradition" and "labeling the modern woman by tradition" are three steps of labeling the modern woman in this movie. So, discursive strategy shows that the existence of modern features in a woman provides the conditions for the stigma.

Paintings of the late Qajar period and brilliant paintings from important periods in Iran were under the influence of painting in relation to Europe and thereby experienced great changes.This article, using semiotic approach, analyzes two paintings created by Qajar women; one is anonymous, and the other is painted by Ismail Jalayer- a graduate of the academy school.Both paintings present an image court women while the symbols imply different concepts.The current article deals with the following questions: Are the proposed works an indication of the value of Qajar paintings? Are the signs meaningful in relation to other signs? The current study aims to examine the signs- cognitive meanings in texts. The images of the concepts common signs to convey different messages to the audience is used Qajar women.

Internet addiction is characterized by internet overuse, improper internet use and pathological internet use. This problem arises from the effects of living in the modern world. Regardless of whether internet addiction has been known as a disease or mental impairment or social problem, it is a chronic, pandemic and relapsing phenomenon associated with serious physical, financial, familial, social and psychological impariments. University students use internet a lot due to their education, therefore they are more prone to internet addiction. Also youth interest intechnologies and their presence in the on-line social networks contribute to orientation of students to the internet and their dependency on internet. The current paper aims to investigate the relationship between psycho- social factors including self-esteem, social isolation and life satisfaction with internet addiction among female students in Yazd University. The population consisted of 7313 female students of Yazd University in the second semester of 1392. In order to determine the sample size, "Cocaran" sampling method was used. Accordingly, the sample size was determined to be 384 persons. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem, social isolation, life satisfaction, marital status, education and internet addiction, but there is no significant relationship between the place of residence and internet addiction. The results of regression analysis showed that according to the adjusted coefficient of determination in the regression model, 11% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables.

Marriage as a social, biological and cultural event, has significant effects on demographic structure and consequently on the structure of respective institutions. The growing trend of increase age of marriage, especially among females, is a new phenomenon which plays a fundamental role in development of this structure through the evolution of family.Accordingly, the current research seeks to review and explore the contexts and conditions of delay in females’ age of marriage, using qualitative method and phenomenological approach.For this purpose, 20 girls over 30 years old were studied using the purposive sampling method and deep semi-structured interview in a narrative form. The results of the analysis of the participants' experiences led to identifying 346 initial codes, 9 primary sub-codes, 9 secondary sub-codes, and two main codes including personal contexts and social and cultural contexts.The most important obstacles to females marriage were conceptualized in the form of ideological patterns, psychological patterns, time-related experiences, development of relations between the sexes, filtering by significant others and the weakness of moral principles. The results of the analysis of explored themes showed that contexts and conditions of delay in females’ age of marriage are much more complex than some factors generally provided.

Love has been important as a basis of marriage and mate selection in today’s Iranian society.Therefore, this study tries to understand lived experience of marital love before wedding from the perspective of newly married individuals by using phenomenological approach. Research subjects include married citizens of Isfahan who are in their early years of marital life.Through purposive sampling and in-depth interviews with twenty-four individuals data were collected and by using eight stages of phenomenological analysis, based on Butler-Kisber the interviews were analyzed. Data analysis shows that the lived experience of love before wedding up to exactly the wedding moment, is constructed by a contrast between reason and emotion in three phases including the contrast between “Romanticism” and “realism” before the encounter, and “liking”, “realism” and “sparking moments” after the encounter, which can be generallyidentified with the theme of “confusion between fear and hope”. The moment of wedding, besides having such a contrast, is also a pivotal moment in the consciousness of actors, and functions as the end point of the confusion; since after the wedding moment their uncertainty reduces to zero and they experience a kind of “emotional transformation”.Therefore, the wedding moment signifies a change of the lived experience of marital love before marriage.

Women’s participation in society is an important and basic subject. Participation of women in the community originates from an innate need of the human. Accordingly, the holy Quran in various verses responded to this innate need and accepts the social participation of women, and with the introduction of the premier women it has expressed all social issues related to women, whose performance explanation could exactly define the components and social customs of women in various dimensions. Despite the importance of this topic, few studies have been carried out on this issue (from the viewpoint of Islam on the necessity and presence of women in various aspects of society) which often relies on narrative sources. Therefore, the current article aims to describe the social participation of women in three dimensions including the necessity of the presence, dimensions of presence (political, economic, military and cultural), and presence in the community based on the Quran, Rational argument and narrations. Finally, it is concluded that not only is the participation allowed, it is also necessary in some conditions, of course with its special characteristics.

In addition to the historical and social significance of Tarikh-e Jahangosha written by Joveyni, the text is notable in terms of discourse analysis. In the discourse of war, as the hegemonic discourse of the text, one of the distinctive discourses should be studied according to social presence of women. On the one hand, gender equality in Mongolian culture, and from the other hand the Iranian-Islamic identity of Iranian women have created a bipolar discourse, showing Iranian women as ineffective slaves, while Mongolian women, as champions equal to men, dominant and victorious. Using Halliday’s ideational metafunction, naming and processes, all parts of the text where Iranian and Mongolian women attended were studied; then by collecting all statements about them, characteristics of each were extracted. Under the effect of religious beliefs, Iranian-Islamic identity of women is represented in the form of defeated participants of discourse of war, by introducing their social characteristics, indirectly expressing their names and their less frequent presence. However, the identity of Mongol women, as the dominant and triumphant participants, is expressed directly and a special way of naming is used by the author. In many cases, the Mongolian woman is a hero and wise politician, whereas the Iranian woman, except in few cases, is a nameless veiled person who goes into captivity.

Political participation is taken into account as one of the main development indicators. If we considerpolitical development as equivalent to “extension of participation and competition of social groups in their political lives”, then undoubtedly political participation would be one of its prerequisites. Therefore, policy makers emphasize the importance of woman participation in the political fields for a comprehensive development. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the features which influence political participation of women. The statistic group consisted of 384 people. Research method was evaluative and questionnaire was used in order to collect data; SPSS was conducted to test the results. The findings show that there is a significant relationship among political confidence, political awareness, and voluntary organizations.Accordingly, increasing awareness of people and getting them involved in their own destiny through non-governmental organizations can increase both their participation and political trust.