JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

This research examines the association between auditor industry specialization and real earnings management and its impact on future operating performance.This essay investigates whether clients of industry specialist auditors are constrained from managing earnings through accruals manipulation and, therefore, are more likely to engage in real activities manipulation and then examines whether operating performance declines for firms suspected of real activities manipulation For investigating this relationship; we use data for 115 listed companies on Tehran Stock Exchange for period of 2002-2007. In this study the absolute value of discretionary accruals is used as a proxy for accounting-based earnings management and a market approach as a proxy for determining of specialist industry auditor and sales manipulation, Reduction of discretionary expenditures & Overproduction for measuring real earnings management. ROA is used as a measure for operating performance; Findings indicate that clients of industry specialist auditors have lower absolute value of accruals relative to firms with incentives to manage earnings that do not hire industry specialist auditors. These clients of industry specialist auditors are also more likely to engage in real activities manipulation, suggesting this is a possible unintended consequence of hiring an industry specialist auditor. I also document evidence that firms suspected of real activities manipulation do not have lower future operating performance relative to firms not suspected of real activities manipulation.

Dividend policy constitutes an effective factor on shareholders wealth maximization, as the main goal of the firms. For this reason, the question of dividend policy has been one of the most important topics in corporate finance. This study investigates the effects of ownership structure and board composition on dividend policy of the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, multiple regression is used and the effects of earning growth and previous year dividend policy is controlled. Investigations of the 77 firms from 1382 to 1386 reveal that the corporate ownership and board independence, positively and institutional ownership, negatively affect the dividend payout ratio of the firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. However, no evidence confirming significant correlation between managerial ownership and ownership concentration with dividend policy is found.

Firms' performance measurement has important role in financial decision making. There are various measures and methods for Firms' performance measurement. The main goal of this paper is to review the relationship between corporate governance quality and economic and financial measures of corporate governance in Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore 89 firms that their required data was available were selected. Firms' governance measures include of percentage of outside directors and percentage of institutional investors data for a 6 years period (1381-1386) were selected and entered the models as independent variable. Return on assets and annual stock return data such as financial performance measures and Tobin's Q and market value added data such as economic performance measures are gathered as dependent variable. The multivariate regression model is used to examine the hypotheses. Signification of the model is examined by t and F statistics. The conclusions indicate that there are significant relationships between corporate governance measures and all of the performance measures.

The main objective of this research is identifying the importance and sufficiency of the necessary knowledge and skills for accounting graduates and their importance as perceived by accounting professors, practitioners, and students in Iran. Identifying the necessary knowledge and skills and their adequacy in the current curriculum is essential for successfully reforming accounting education.The information for testing the hypotheses was collected by questionnaire. The population of this research was constituted by accounting professors, practitioners, and students. Three hypotheses were designed for the research. The first and second hypotheses were tested by one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence. The results show a significant difference between the perceptions of Professors, practitioners, and students about the importance of some necessary knowledge and skills and their adequacy in the current curriculum.The last hypothesis was tested by factor analysis. The results show that accounting professors, practitioners, and students' high priority on accounting education under current business environment is, to emphasize the training of business/management skills for accounting students.

This study investigates Ohlson's Linear Information Dynamic (LID) and evaluates the effect of  "other information" on the abnormal earnings series using 100 firms panel data during 1376-1386 by Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). It tests the effect of industry structure, market share and capital intensity as "other informayion" on abnormal earnings of the following period, with Ohlson's LID persistence maintained. The results confirm the premise of LID, considering all the statistical models. The results also indicate that industry structure and capital intensity influence abnormal earnings persistence. Therefore, the industry structure and capital intensity have a informational content and reflect in Ohlson's Model (1995) as "other information". Confirm with the results the hypothesis that market share influences abnormal earnings persistence is rejected; Therefore, market share firm size does not have informational content and does not reflect in the Ohlson's Model (1995).

Always independent auditors play an important role in capital markets. Auditors changes regularly are considered as a way to increasing the information transparency by capital market regulators. In Iran, according to instructions of rigestered audit firms by securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) have been required. Based on the results of this research independent auditor changes no effect on the transparency of information of TSE listed companies.

Using logit analysis in cross section data, this paper examine the role of accounting data to develop a model for detecting factors associated with fraudulent financial reporting. The sample is comprised of 178 firms (66 with fraudulent financial reporting and 112 with non-fraudulent financial reporting) listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period of 1383-1386. Firms with fraudulent financial reports selected on the basis of 1) Inclution of company in TSE lists for reasons associated with falsification of financial data and 2) doing insider trading and the existence of court proceedings pending with respect to fraudulent financial reporting. After doing analysis ten financial ratios introduced for examination as potential predictors of fraudulent financial reporting.The results indicate that the model is accurate in classifying the total sample correctly with accuracy rate exceeding 82.98 percent. Also, results demonstrate that the models function effectively in detecting fraudulent financial reporting and can be of assistance to various users such as auditors, taxation and other state authorities, the banking system, and so on.