JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING KNOWLEDGE
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:6|Papers Count:9

Event studies have found several applications in financial and accounting researches as the standard method to assess the average effect of some types of announcement on stock prices. In a large sample of announcements, event window length can be standardized (fixed) across observations, because the errors from having too long or too short event window should have small impact in average by the Law of Large Numbers. But in small samples (in emerging markets) we cannot use this procedure. Here, we examine various potential rules for determining the length of an event window when looking at limited number of observations. We consider the announcements of adjustment of predicted earnings (by companies) in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1386 to 1388. To determining the length of time period affecting the market, tree methods are used. We also examine the relationship between the length of event window and the amount of unexpected earnings.

Decision making in the economic affairs needs information. The shortage of information causes the ambiguity of the decision making process. The financials provide some of the needed information of this process. The perception of the earnings as the most important information source of the company was being supported by empirical studies. The mentioned researches have shown that the decision makers anchor on the accounting earnings more than any other benchmarks. The purpose of the following research is to help investors and other users to be able to assess the degree of the effects of the conservatism on the earning quality and ROI. The results show that the earning quality index presented based on the conservatism index has the ability to describe some of the differences between return on the operational assets and the current stock returns from the current year to the next year. In other word, economic entities that use the conservative procedures are able to change the earning quality with making some changes in the investments of the operational assets.

This study, using Dechew and Tang's (2009) framework, takes data from the firms listed in the Tehran stock exchange (TSE) in the period from 2000 to 2006 to analyze the relationship between Earnings volatility and earnings predictability. Results indicate widely held managerial beliefs that earnings volatility is negatively related to earnings predictability. In addition, we find that the consideration of earnings volatility brings substantial improvements in the prediction of both short- and long-term earnings. Conditioning on volatility information also allows identifying implications of earnings volatility for earnings predictability.

The conflict of interest between managers and stockholders is one of the salient matters in economics, finance and accounting. One of the ways for resolving this conflict is the timely loss recognition. Many factors have impact on timely loss recognition. In this paper, we investigated the effect of ownership structure on Earnings conservatism, and analyzed whether the extent of timely loss recognition shown by firms with a controlling owner for the purpose of decreasing the information asymmetries depends on 1) the ownership share of controlling owner and 2) the divergence between controlling owner's voting and cash flow rights. In this paper, we have used an extension of the regression proposed by Basu (1997) for analyzing the data and 56 companies during 2005-09 from database. In general, our results document a negative relationship between the ownership share of controlling owner and the level of earnings conservatism and this result is consistent with the reduction of external contracting. In addition, we also find a negative relationship between earnings conservatism and the divergence of controlling owner's voting and cash flow rights. By increasing this divergence, firm is confronted with higher costs of external contracting.

The operating performance of a firm is not directly observable. The earlier researches have shown that criteria such as accounting earnings and cash flows are representatives of unobservable aspects of operating performance. The purpose of this study is to indicate whether changes in financial leverage can help us in evaluating performance. This study deals with a different dimension of traditional view that considers financial leverage as a criterion of risk assessment. The method in this research is based on regression analysis to determine the relationship between changes in financial leverage and stock return of a firm regarding as a representative of operating performance of the firm. The statistical population of this study consists of companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange in 1378 to 1388. The results of this research indicate that changes in financial leverage provide more information than what is available through traditional criteria. The information content of changes in financial leverage is incremental in comparison with accounting earnings, operating cash flows, and accruals. Although the focus of this study is on the current return, the impact is extended to the next period, because the market does not understand the information content of changes in financial leverage in time.

This study attempts to evaluate whether adjusted Dupont ratio can have better prediction of future profitability (Return on Net Operating Asset) or decomposition of adjusted Dupont ratio to its components (net operating asset turnover and operating profit margin) can have better prediction of future profitability. Finally, it was examined if decomposition of changes in adjusted Dupont ratio - changes in net operating asset turnover and changes in operating profit margin- can enhance prediction of future profitability in one year ahead. Results which were based on panel analysis and for period from 2000 to 2009 showed that decomposition of the adjusted Dupont ratio level to its components is not able to improve future profitability prediction, while decomposition of changes in adjusted Dupont ratio can enhance prediction of profitability in one year ahead. Furthermore, changes in the net operating asset turnover have better ability (in comparison with operating profit margin) to predict future profitability.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of growth and discretionary accruals as the measure for evaluation of managerial reporting behavior on accounting conservatism in financial reports. Differential Timeliness (DT) is used as a measure for evaluation of conservatism. The data is derived from the financial statements of 43 manufacturing firms in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 1380-1387. Using data analysis by the method of multi-variables linear regression, the results represent a negative relationship between differential timeliness and discretionary accruals that is statistically significant. In addition, the results indicate lack of meaning relationship between growth and DT. According to the results of the study, it is suggested that for evaluation of conservatism in financial reporting, discretionary accruals shloud be used. The firms with higher discretionary accruals indicate lower level of conservatism in comparison with the firms with low discretionary accruals and vice versa .With conservatism, profits of the period approximately equal to cash flow while discretionary accruals gradually turn into zero.