Journal of Diabetes Nursing
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in pregnancy that may cause fetal macrosomia, eclampsia and preeclampsia, preterm labor, abortion, dystocia, and perinatal mortality Increased level of physical activity has a significant impact on reducing the complications of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on fasting blood sugar level in pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Materials and Method: In this quasi-experimental study, two groups of 30 pregnant women with gestational diabetes who were referred to health centers in Zabol, Iran, 2016, were randomly chosen through stratified sampling. The experimental group received eight 90-minute training sessions and those in the control group received the usual training. The data was collection before and after the intervention and analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests, including t-test, in SPSS.Results: Before the intervention, the experimental and control groups were not significantly different in terms of mean blood glucose level. In the control group, mean blood glucose level was not significantly different before and after the intervention (P<0.05). However, after the intervention, the mean blood glucose level in the experimental group had significantly decreased compared to the control group (P<0.001).Conclusion: It seems that physical activity is associated with increased uptake of glucose and insulin secretion in women with gestational diabetes. Standard physical exercises, with increased energy expenditure and oxygen consumption after exercise, can improve metabolic health in these people.

Introduction: One of the psychiatric disorders in people with diabetes is anxiety. Stress and anxiety affect the glycemic control in many diabetic patients. Furthermore, stressful life events are significantly associated with the poor glycemic control. The effectiveness of saffron on anxiety reduction has been demonstrated in animal samples. Regarding this, the present study aimed to determine the effect of oral capsules of saffron on the anxiety level of the diabetic patients in Zabol, Iran, in 2017.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 patients with diabetes mellitus in Zabol. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. The participants’ levels of anxiety were measured using the Spielberger’s Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group received 300 mg saffron capsules; on the other hand, the control group were given placebo capsules. The capsules were daily administered between 12 and 14 p.m. (i.e., after having lunch) for one week. The patients’ anxiety levels were reexamined after a week. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22.Results: Prior to the intervention, the mean anxiety levels were 47.98 and 48.62 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The anxiety scores of the patients did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (P=0.71). However, at the post-intervention stage, the mean anxiety levels of the intervention and control groups were 30.72 and 49.12, respectively, indicating a statistically significant difference (P=0.001). In addition, the mean anxiety of the patients in the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the pre- and post-intervention stages (P=0.001). Nevertheless, the control group showed no significant difference in this regard between the two stages (P=0.07).Conclusions: As the findings of the present study indicated, the oral capsules of saffron were effective in reducing the anxiety in the patients with diabetes. Saffron has been demonstrated to have antispasmodic, painkilling, carmintive, and appetite stimulating effects, which is effective in preventing and treating many diseases. Regarding this, this herb can be used in the management of the anxiety in the diabetic and other patients along with other treatments.

Introduction: In developed countries, overweight and obesity are important factors among children and adults. Overweight in childhood is an effective factor in incidence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and insulin resistance, and overweight in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for childhood obesity to prevent type II diabetes.Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study. The case group included students who had a body mass index percentile of 85% or higher (n=120). The control group comprised of students with body mass index percentile of 85% or lower (n=480). Children’s demographic characteristics, the child and parents’ weight, type of delivery, student’s weight at the time of entering elementary school, and nutritional status of the child were compared.Results: The results showed that mothers’ and fathers’ weight in obese children were significantly higher compared to others (P=0.00 and P=0.024, respectively). Type of nutrition was significantly associated with obesity (P<0.05).Conclusion: We recommend the consumption of low-fat dairy products, low-sugar marmalades, whole grain spaghetti, and standard fast foods as an alternative for non-standard and high-fat foods.

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This disease can damage various body systems and affect the quantity and quality of life. General health has a huge impact on the quality of life of diabetic patients. Health literacy as a factor in general health can promote quality of life in diabetic patients. This study aimed to examine the association between health literacy and general health in patients with type II diabetes.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The participants were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic data form, as well as health literacy and general health questionnaires. The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 21. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Results showed that the mean score of health literacy was 66.41±17.22 and the subjects were on the borderline in this regard. Mean score of general health was 58.13±11.72, indicating a good health. There was a significant positive correlation between health literacy and general health (P=0.001, r=0.22).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that health literacy is linked with general health. Diabetes can cause many psychological and clinical problems and can restrict people's physical and mental activities. Lower health literacy is associated with reduced health such as physical and psychological problems. In general, health literacy and general health are two issues that diabetic patients still require more education about.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, particularly type II diabetes, is a common metabolic disorder, which imposes a great financial burden on the health system. Tea is a common drink that provides beneficial effects on health. The previous studies have shown that tea consumption, particularly green and hibiscus tea, can affect the metabolic factors in the patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the present study aimed to review the current evidence on the effects of green and hibiscus tea consumption on the metabolic factors in the patients with type II diabetes mellitus.Material and Methods: We searched some keywords including “diabetes”, “green tea”, and “hibiscus tea” to search the related articles in different databases including PubMed, SID, Magiran, and Iran Medex, published within 1997-2016.Results: The majority of the retrieved studies demonstrated the positive effects of the intake of green and hibiscus tea extracts on blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. In addition, the consumption of green and hibiscus tea was reported to improve the blood factors of the patients with T2DM through the elevation of the serum adiponectin level.Conclusion: As the findings of the reviewed articles indicated, the intake of green and hibiscus tea extracts have an effective role in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. However, further studies

Introduction: Psychological and psychiatric consequences are important factors affecting medication adherence and improved quality of life in diabetic patients. However, prevalence of these disorders is unclear. In this study, cognitive status, depression, and drug adherence of type 2 diabetes patients are discussed.Material and Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 105 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Birjand diabetes clinic were selected through randomized sampling. The data collection tools included a demographic form, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), Number Connection Test (NCT) that measures cognitive function, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS, version 16.Results: In the present study, 88.2% of women and 91.9% of men showed low medication adherence. In the majority of the patients, depression was found, while 36.8% of women and 13.5% of men had severe depression. Regarding cognitive disorders, some degrees of cognitive disorders were observed in most of the patients.Conclusion: In this study, diabetic patients had poor medication adherence and showed some degrees of cognitive disorders and depression. Therefore, serious attention should be paid to their blood glucose monitoring. Furthermore, effective training programs with new methods of education should be considered by healthcare providers, and these patients should be monitored regularly regarding cognitive disorders and depression problems, which might affect their learning and self-care behaviors.

Introduction: Urtica dioica is a herbal medicine used for the treatment of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Urtica dioica on cardiovascular function and fasting blood sugar in patients with type II diabetes.Materials and Methodgy: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 males with type II diabetes who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n=10) of Urtica dioica and control. In pre- and post-test, fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, resting heart rate, and maximal oxygen consumption were measured. To analyze the measured indices, t-test was run (P≤0.05) Results: A significant decrease were observed in body weight, fasting blood sugar, diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate, while a significant increase was noted in maximal oxygen consumption in Urtica dioica group (P<0.05). In addition, significant differences were observed in fasting blood sugar, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and maximal oxygen consumption between the Urtica dioica and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, use of Urtica dioica herbal tea is an effective way to control blood glucose and improve cardiovascular function in patients with type II diabetes.

Introduction: Type II diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder, the prevalence of which is increasing in Iran. The relationship between metabolic control and preventive behaviors is established. Attitude is an important determinant in preventive behaviors. This study investigated the attitudes of patients with type II diabetes towards preventive behaviors for disease complications.Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was performed among 200 patients with type II diabetes referring to diabetes center in Bandar Abbas, Iran. The participants were chosen through convenience sampling. The data was collected through a questionnaire on attitudes towards preventive behaviors for type II diabetes complications. The validity and reliability of this scale were established in a paper by Jahanfar et al. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient was run in SPSS version 19.Results: In total, 129 patients were female and 71 were male, and the majority of the patients had a positive attitude towards preventive behaviors. Level of education (P=0.04), as well as consumption of fruits and vegetables (P=0.00) were significantly correlated with attitudes towards preventive behaviors. However, no significant relationship was found between duration of disease and attitude (P=0.341).Conclusions: The mentioned relationships emphasize the importance of implementing training programs, providing facilities, and adopting appropriate policies to improve preventive behaviors for diabetes complications in both patients and general population.