DIDACTIC LITERATURE REVIEW (PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE REVIEW)
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Dari Farsi was the official language from the first Iranian royal family. This old language during different historical periods have been changed .this langrage from lutset of its official use was highly pure from leyical aspects in contact with different nations with different language background, it have loaned many words and added to its contents. Therefore you see many foreign words from Arabic, Mongol, Tuukish and … languages.With the Mashroothe revolution and the extension of relationship with westeren countries, some words in the fields of politics, trading and culture entered to the Persian language and were used for different purposes. The investigations of all these words are beyond the scope of this article. Therefore the focus of this article is on the foreign words in the Mashroothe pootry. The literary works of poots like Adibol Almamalek Farahani, Vahid Dastjerdi, Farookhi Yazdi, Seeyd Ashrafodin Gilani, Aref Ghazvini, Malekol Shoara Bahar specially in Iraj Mirza's Divan have been investigated.

Hakim Nezami Gangavi is considered to be one of the novel poets in the persion literature. His khamse is of the reliable and origin works in the Persian literature. This literary work has been imitated so many times.There have been various corrections from Khamse until now. And today great interpreters like Hasan Vahid Dastjerdy, Berat Zanjani, Behrouz Servatiyan, Abdol Mohammad Axati and … have tried to explained verses of this literary work. Unfortunately in spite of great effort of these masters, there are still many verses which have remained ambigous.One of the versified stories of Khamse. namely, Khosrou and Shirin cantained 6500 verses which it is in the rhythm of Hazj Mosadas Maghsour. This versified story contains complex verses which interpreters have controversy over them.In this article, I have tried to explain the meanings of these complex verses by giving the views of different interpreters about them and then make the meanings of them clear.

The article analyzes one of the genres generously used in both Persian and Arabic.Religious literature is a genre that has not been meritoriously studied by scholars. A subtitle of this genre which is worth mentioning both from the point in praise of prophet of Islam (Peace be upon him).In this article, the authors endeavor to depict the genre's history, background, statu and renowned composers, in different ras of Persian and Arabic literature. The axis of article revolves round a comparison of prophetic eulogies from Jamaladdin Abdol Razzagh Esfahani (Persian Tarkeeb Band) and Ahmad Shawqi (Arabic Hamziyeh Nabawiyeh).Expression of common aspects differences makes the status of the genre clear enough.

One of the idealistic poets and writers in the Persian literature is Saadi. He never puts aside the reality in his idealistic thoughts. He buildup the wishes based on reality so that the readers don’t feel that they are always in the imaginary world.Saadi Proposes the most prachical ways for Human problems. He also gives some solutions: however, before giving solutions, he looks at the problems from different aspects. These solutions are according to human ability. Golestan and Bostan is the main field in which Saadi puts his idealistic thoughts however, you can also find these thoughts throughout his works. The subject matters like generosity, contentment, poverty and wealth which are explained in depth in different chapters of these two books are a platform for this article to mention some idealistic thoughts of Saadi.

Return poem reached its apogee in Qajar Era. In that era, Shahs employed panegyric poem in their propagandistic Organizatisn and also poets pay more attention to panegyric odes following masters of Khorasani style. In the meantime Aboonasr Fathollah Khan Sheibani (1240-1308 Hejira) had a quite different situation. He had been in the presence of Mohammad Shah and Nasereddin Shah at first and had panegyrized them, but he was send away from the court, when Nasereddin Shah came to the throne, and wandered about different towns for a long time. Also he treaded on the dervishes Coarse for some times and finally engaged in cultivating a desert around Natanz with the name of (Eshgh Abad) for 25 years, but it was also destroyed by some rebels. He complained against the unjustice in the capital, but it didn’t yield any profit. All of these caused him to become one of the critics of Nasereddin Shah,s era and to be distincted from other poets of Return Period. In this respect.

The technical and artificial prose is a prose based on figurative devices and finesse of language. Any writes who want to describe the meanings, may make use of figurative speeches such as assimilation metaphor, recognition, metonym, irony, harmonious, pun, allusion, contrast, proportion, alliteration, adaptation and so on to make his/her speech more beautiful. In this way a writer makes his/his speech more rhythmic and interesting.An excellent example concerning the rich use of poetic devices is Nafthado AlMasdour by Mohammad Zedari Nasavi. This prose work mostly looks like a piece of poetry rather than a prose.In this article the attempt is to refer to poetic devices used in this book and show their esthetic aspects more prominent for those who are interested in these fields. In this way it may be possible to look at this literary work differently.

Hakim Nezami is a great master and a pillar of Persian poetry. In Persian literature, narration in his famous poems comes to climax, one of these poems is “Haft Peykar” or “Haft Gonbad” that somewhere is called “Bahram Name” and is the 4th Nezami`s poem. With a glimpse to Nezami`s traces, this question which how a poet spend his life in penance and spiritual demeanor and in his youth created “Makhzan O`lasrar” and in his old age began to compose erotic stories. But according to Nezami`s character which is a faith and wisdom man, and by thinking about his stories that include moral effects, understand that although apparently is a legend but in truth states realities.The famous Ganje’s began all of his traces with monotheism and praying God .His belief to Muhammad prophetic mission completely obvious in his traces.In this paper, prophet`s stories in Haft Peykar and Nezami`s interpretation of these stories is considered.

Nezami Ganjavi, as the most leading poet of occasional poetry in the sixth century, different from his antecedent and contemporary poets, attempts to go beyond the convential concepts of his era and from a new perspective consolidates and spreads the spirit of humanism in his works. Besides, the development and deepening of this concept he has never neglected the two elements of race and religion.Hence he conceptualizes a land whose people pay more attention to humanism than race and religion. Therefore in search of his eutopia, he sets out from the gates of religion in Makhzan ol Asrer and proceeds to Eskandarnameh to shed light on the philosophical concepts. However, Nezami can be considered as the speaker of human Iran.