FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
Year:2015 | Volume:7 | Issue:25|Papers Count:8

The main purpose of this research is to consider the relationship between income smoothing and stock price performance (measured by return stock and abnormal returns stock) in financial crisis. Using Information in the financial statements of 71 the financial crisis companies and 71 the financial non-crisis companies during the period 2004 to 2014. Income smoothing was measured through correlation of a firm's change in discretionary accruals with earnings changes before in discretionary accruals. Criteria for the classification of financial crisis companies include: (1) three consecutive years of losses report, 2. dividend every year over the previous year more than 40% declined and 3. Article 141 of the Commercial Code. To test research hypothesis multivariate regression models is utilized. The result show that the financial non-crisis companies, there is significant negative relation between income smoothing with return stock and abnormal return stock, However, the financial crisis companies, there is significant positive relation between income smoothing and return stock, but there is no significant relation between income smoothing and abnormal return stock.

In the present environment in which firms operate is growing and competitive environment. And in order to progress and growth, they need to expand their operations through new investment. New investments require capital financing and cash but the firm in providing this resource is usually faced with limitations. Hence, this study examines the relationship between financial constraints and growth of 173 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1381 to 1390. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the research hypotheses. The results show that there is a negative significance relationship between financing constraints and asset growth and sales growth as firm growth indices. In other words, the companies that have Cash balances, cash dividends and less Tobin Q index and on the other hand have the their leverage ratio are larger, they have Less growth. There is also direct relationship between firm size and firm growth and an inverse relationship between the ratio of dividends to total assets and firm growth.

Usefulness of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been demonstrated as an analytical procedure for auditors especially in the planning stage of the audit to determine the extent of audit (resource allocation) and to assess the preliminary risk level of the client (going concern). However, several scholars have indicated that the inclusion of financial ratios in DEA models create biased efficiency estimates in implementing analytical procedures. By applying bootstrap technique, the paper provides an application of evaluating the performance of 20 insurance companies with the use of financial data. The results reveal that in the first stage of our sensitivity analysis the efficiencies obtained are biased. However, after applying the bootstrap technique the sensitivity analysis reveals that the efficiency scores have been significantly improved.

Abstract According to adequacy of Disclosure (one of the accounting principles), companies are required to disclose significant information and relevant to the decision making. But some companies are interested to voluntary disclosure. In addition, some companies are interested to voluntary ethics disclosure. Hence it is necessary to identify factors that influence the behavior of voluntary ethics disclosure. The present study investigated the influence of the characteristics of the audit committee on voluntary ethics disclosure of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange in 2014 year. Characteristics of this study include independence, expertise, size and the number of meetings of the committee. In this study cross-section Logic regression with maximum likelihood is used. The results show that only two factors (audit committee independence and expertise of the members of the Committee) on voluntarily ethics disclosure affect.

Financial information transparency has always been one of the most effective variables in determining investment strategy in financial markets. However, managers as the authorities to prepare financial statements always have had the incentive to deviate financial information to preserve their own benefits. Also earnings opacity has been one of the effective factors in investors' behavior. Accordingly, when negative news is accumulated within a company and the earnings of an economic unit has lots of fluctuations, stock price suddenly crashes. Therefore, the present research is going to study about the effect of variability and opacity of earnings on stock price crash risk in firms enlisted in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research 124 firms were investigated during the time period between 2008 and 2012. To test hypotheses we have used logistic regression model. Research findings showed that earnings opacity and earnings variability have had a positive and meaningful effect on stock price crash risk.

Abstract In recent years management of expenses in Azad universities has turned into a vital concern. The present study aims to examine investigating the effect of five factors including targeting activities, organizing manpower, mechanizing systems, controlling, observing and downsizing the university on reducing expenses in Islamic Azad Universities. The study is conducted in descriptive survey method and the population of the study was all 320 persons Islamic Azad university of Isfahan (Khorasgan). 175 people were chosen by Morgan Table through available sampling as the sample of the study. The instruments were questionnaires and the data was analyzed through Uni-variate t Test, Friedman Test, and Analysis Variance. The result revealed that all five factors in the study have significant effects on reducing expenses in the universities and controlling and observing had the highest effect whereas, organizing manpower had the least effect.