SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2016 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (26)|Papers Count:9

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic reality therapy approach based on the choice theory in marital conflict and social well-being. Twenty-five subjects who were eligible for the study and had visited the clinic were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The independent variable was reality therapy approach based on choice theory. The assessment tool included Sanai’s marital conflict questionnaire with 54 questions and Saffarinia’s social well-being questionnaire. Friedman test for pretest-posttest-follow-up compared with the control group showed that reality therapy approach effectively reduced women marital conflicts in comparison to the control group. Although reality therapy intervention does not increase social well-being of participants, it significantly had effect on two subscales of social coherence and social acceptance. The results suggest more accurate and operating measurement of social well-being subscales and conceptualizing them.

Values are the most fundamental manufacturer of human behaviors in any society. This survey performed among female students of Payam Noor University (PNU) and Azad University. Schwartz’s ten-type scale seemed more appropriate for the objectives of this study. The research used a questionnaire as a tool. The population included all students of Kerman at Islamic Azad University and PNU, which were 6952 people. The Lin formula determined a sample size of 362 subjects. The results showed that according to Schwartz scale, values in order of preferences included attention to own transcendent, conservatism, promoting personal goals and preparing to change. The test of hypothesis indicated that the tendency of value preferences among PNU students is more than students. In addition the tendency to conservative values and own transcendent among PNU students are greater than Azad students, in priority value of preparing for change and promoting personal goals has shown a greater tendency among students of Azad University than PNU students.

Appearing new forms of relationships before marriage among young people in recent years, the aim of this study was to discover the causes and motivations of people to choose this way of life. The qualitative methodology was selected as the dominant method. Snowball sampling helped to find samples. For data collecting, 23 men and women engaged in a cohabiting were interviewed in semi-structured manner. Results of the interviews were divided into several categories. Major of participants lived in Bandar Abbas, Kerman and Tehran. After analyzing the data with an interpretive approach, 7 main categories were elicited: relative satisfaction with relationship, poor mutual commitment, poor quality of relationship, fear of judgment of family and community, personal injury, transactional relationship and no decision to marriage. The slow and creeping spread of cohabiting relationships, high divorce rates, emotional and sexual infidelity, and the prevalence of Western-style relationships settled before marriage threaten all Iranian families. Solving these problems needs a serious commitment on the macro-level officials and experts to review the employment policy, economy, entrepreneurship, TV programs and cultural policies.

This study aimed to explore beliefs of divorced women and those who have begun divorce proceedings about married life and their perceptions about their future husbands. Using constructivist approach, qualitative methodology and grounded theory, the paper tried to study the view of divorced women and those who has begun divorce proceedings. Based on purposive sampling, participants were selected from 40 women who was either divorced or had begun divorce proceedings and had visited one of counseling centers in Shiraz. Data was gathered through in-deep interviews. Using three phases of open, axial and selective coding, 21 concepts, 5 main themes and 1 core concept (being alien to the nature of married life) were emerged. The findings revealed that interviewed women did not enjoy realistic beliefs and perceptions about nature of married life and its appropriate behavior; in fact, their perceptions about their future husbands were too idealistic and distant from reality.

One of the most important topics has been the empowerment of female-headed households. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of self-sufficiency services in Imam Khomeini Help Committee on Empowerment of women heads of household in Kohgiloyeh Va Boyerahmad (K&B) province in 2012. Documents and field survey method helped to collect data. The research population consisted of female-headed households in Kohgiloyeh who have benefited from the self-sufficiency schemes of Relief Committee. The main instrument used in this study was the questionnaire. Therefore, the sample size of 153 women was selected by the Yamany formula in and systematic sampling method. From the independent variables entered into a multivariate regression, the variables of "education, technical and consulting services" with the beta coefficient of 0.57 and "protective radius" with beta coefficient of 0.19 had the greatest impact on women's empowerment. findings in three variables of grounded, social support and rescue services department have shown that women's empowerment schemes based on self-sufficiency, depends on training, business and job skills, confidence and motivation in the form of professional and technical training and the accessibility to new professional and career advice tailored to the conditions and requirements of the job.

The present study aims to explain the meditating role of intimacy in the association between communication patterns and quality of married life. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The populations of the study included all married teachers of Marvdasht City from whom 303 individuals (162 Females and 141 Males) were selected through single-stage clusters. In this study, The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL), Christense-Salavi communication pattern (1984) and Marital Intimacy (Van den Broek and Hans Bratman, 1995) are used. In addition data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and in two statistical levels, descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation matrix, multivariate regression analysis and path analysis).The results showed that the avoidance communication pattern cannot affect the quality (p<0.874) and intimacy (p<0.135) of marriage. In addition, the demands of husband and wife are negatively associated with quality (-0.314) and intimacy (-0.208) of marriage. The wives’ pattern of demand does not influence intimacy of the couple (p<0.904) but affects the quality of marriage (p<0.046) in a negative and direct manner. However, the husbands’ demands affect intimacy directly (p<0.022) but they influence the quality of marriage (-0.058) in an indirect and negative manner. Finally, the mutual constructive pattern can influence intimacy directly (p<0.001) and quality of marriage indirectly through intimacy (-0.234). It can be concluded that the quality of life for couples directly and indirectly is affected by their communication patterns through meditating role of intimacy. It should be noted that with increased intimacy among couples, the effect of destructive patterns of demand for husband and wife on marital quality decreases and the influence of constructive pattern of relationship increases. The opposite is also the case.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison of cognitive emotion regulation, locus of control and meaning in life in addicted and normal women. The method of this study is causal-comparative. Statistical population of this study comprised of all women addicted referred to addiction treatment centers under the supervision of Behzisty in Tabriz in 2015. From three medical and rehabilitation, centers called Hope, Noor and Khane Sabz one center was selected by cluster sampling method and from this center 50 subjects were randomly selected. For comparison, between normal women referred to health house centers, 50 people were randomly selected as the control group. The used tools consist of Granefski, all cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires, Rutter Locus of Control and Steger Meaning in life questionnaire. Data analysis was multivariate analysis of variance. The findings proved that normal women use internal locus of control more than substance dependence women do. Substance dependence women use more external control (p<0.01). In addition, findings showed that substance dependence women use negative emotions and efficient strategies (Blame, rumination, catastrophic and blame others). In addition, Meaning in life of normal women is more than the substance dependence women is (p<0.01). In result, training the skills of emotional regulation strategies, self-control and find meaning in life is necessary for the prevention of crime among women.

One of the concepts that has a particular importance in the field of health-related topics, and becomes more inclusive concept every day is social health. In general, in the human social health issues, phenomenon, which are around human, and effect on his system are important. This study compares the social health and its determinants between working women and housewives in Yazd city. This study has been performed with survey methods and questionnaire techniques. Sample size consists of 384 homemakers and 182 employed women in Yazd selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The results show that employed women have higher social health than homemakers do. Variables such as education, communication skills, self-esteem and decision-making had significant relationship in women's health. In multivariate regression analysis, self-esteem, education, communication skills, decision-making variable explained in total 34% of the variance in women’s social heath and in the statistical population.

This study aimed to investigate the environmental citizenship role of women in the recycling of household trash in the city of Shiraz. This is survey research and the research population includes all female citizens living in Shiraz (1400000). According to the sample size in structural equation modeling, 400 people determined from nine metropolitan areas were selected through quota sampling. Questionnaires helped to gather data analyzed by SPSS 20 software and AMOS20. The reliability of the questionnaire through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient quorum and construct validity of the questionnaire by confirmatory factor analysis was examined. Pearson correlation coefficient confirms statistically significant relationship between each of the variables of ecological footprint and ecological selves with recycling of household waste respectively (r= - 0.34 and r=0.24). Then in a multivariate structural equation modeling and by taking into account measurement errors and more realistic results, ecological selves (0.30) had significant and positive impact and ecological footprint (- 0.37) had significant negative effect on the recycling of household trash.