SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 (37) |Papers Count:15

This article aims to study the causes, strategies and consequences of Generation Gap among girls. This research using qualitative methods, data-driven approach to theorizing (grounded theory) and a semi-structured interview technique was interactive. The population of the study included girls, living in the city of Kermanshah. Using purposeful and theoretical sampling, 57 girls who were involved in Generation Gap were interviewed. The results showed that Generation Gap among respondent’ s factors include: agency, Risk-oriented, self reference, Consumerism, Narcissism, Gender conflict and liquid intimacy. Two factors (Family disorganization and Prolongation of stay in the family) as well as the underlying cause (College education, Orientation friend and the use of new information technologies and communications) are intervening factors in Generation Gap. Strategy girls in the Generation Gap: Resistance, revolt and modification. According to the study, Generation Gap, consequences such as the Convergence value, Partial obstruction, committed to social anomalies and hot isolation and discrediting are the probable results of this gap.

This study aimed to investigate the of acceptance commitment therapy on the quality of life among mothers with autistic children. This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group. The study population consisted of all mothers with autistic children in Qom city at 2017. Study sample consisted of 30 (15 for each group) mothers that were selected by as a voluntary and randomly assignment to two groups. experimental group and control group. Instrument for gathering data was WHO quality of life questionnaire. At the next stage, samples of the test group were exposed to 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy while the control group did not receive any special treatment. Both study groups completed the questionnaire at the pretest and posttest stage. The data were analyzed using SPSS. v21 software and statistical tests such as MANCOVA. Based on study findings, the acceptance commitment therapy had a significant impact on quality of life. (P<0/01). It seems that acceptance commitment therapy is an applicable treatment intervention for mental health of mothers with autistic children.

The purpose of this research was to identify the empowerment components of female managers in education and education in North Khorasan Province and provide a suitable model. The research method was qualitative and quantitative and the statistical population included female managers in the education of North Khorasan province. For sampling in the qualitative section, a targeted sampling was used and a quantitative random sampling method was used. In the qualitative section, 12 people were interviewed and in a small section with a population of 355 people, randomly, 183 individuals participated in this study. The data collection tools were interviewe and a researcher-made questionnaire. After confirming the validity (jurisprudence and professors' judgment) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0. 92), they were distributed in schools of North Khorasan Province. For analyzing the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Descriptive statistics of the central index and dispersion such as mean, standard deviation, and inferential part of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis at 95% confidence level with SSS software S 18 and Laserl 80/8. Based on the analysis of qualitative data from deep and exploratory interviews and the coding and analysis of the content of the interview text while their correspondence with theoretical foundations, the results of the research in the qualitative section indicated that identifying the components of the empowerment of managers Female, 10 components in the economic dimension, 10 components in political terms, 16 components in social dimension and 17 components in the psychological dimension. In the quantitative part of the research, the findings showed that in the economic dimension, the component of seniority and service record with the highest factor load of 0. 92, in the political dimension, the component of trying to earn equal rights with the highest factor load of 0. 90, in the social dimension was the component of job experience with The highest factor load was 0. 95. In the psychological aspect, the component of trust and intimacy was determined by 0. 95 of the total variance and the other variables were also important in the next stages, respectively. Also, the final pattern of the research was confirmed by fitting indexes of standard coefficients. The coefficient of influence of dimensions in the components of empowerment of female managers alone was the highest coefficient of influence in the social and psychological dimension with 0. 85 and the least in the political dimension with 0. 73.

The study of the set of rules of Islamic jurisprudence and the rights of Iran illustrate that not only there is a legal justice between women and men society, but the researcher in this regard faced with the rules that the legislator, fully affirmative, has set. Contrary to the feminist approach to the interaction of Islam with the women's community, the quality and quantity of these regulations are so high that even the possibility of gender discrimination in Islam is in the interest of women. The benefit of the right to claim for maintenance, maintenance, dowry, for example, paternity, livelihood and livelihood, paternity, paternity, priority in the custody of children, the requirement for a man to have a child, the right to receive the dowry and alimony to other creditors, and the lack of responsibilities for engaging in war, prayer, extortion, and general service are among the special privileges assigned to women in the society in Islam and Iranian law. Other outcomes of such supportive rules are that women are more restricted and easier to do in the field of law than men. The present paper uses a descriptive-analytical method to answer the feminist critiques of the Islamic approach to the female sex from the jurisprudential and legal point of view, and by providing documentation, to criticize the opponents' arguments about the matters of inheritance, divorce, divorce, judgment, martyrdom, province The father focuses on the daughter in marriage, and this is considered to be the most significant discrimination between men and women in the field of religious and legal regulations.

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the economic and social empowerment of rural poor women in Nahavand Township and determining the direct and indirect effects of these variables on their ability. This research was a sort of the survey study and a questionnaire was compiled for collection of data. Statistical population included women in Nahavand Township who received small credits from credit institutes during 2010-201 (N = 200). Statistical sample determined as 130 individuals through Morgan table. Sampling was conducted as proportional classified state. Questionnaire's reliability and validity were confirmed respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (more than 0. 7) and content validity. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results of descriptive statistics showed that 55. 4 % of women, despite receiving loans, housewives and had no jobs. Based on the results of path analysis their attitude toward microcredit, the control of credit institutions on how to use the loan, the use amount of loans in empowering activities, education institutions about use credit and the entire amount of the loan.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the status of women in different historical periods and the context of changing their rights and positions in Islamic societies at the beginning of the fourteenth century AH, based on analytical historical method. It is a kind of content analysis. The rise of Islam was the beginning of a huge change in the rights and status of women. During the Prophet's time, women were active in all areas of society; But this era of dignity did not endure much, and after the death of the Prophet (PBUH), such factors as the return to the traditions of ignorance, the prevalence of corruption, the intercourse with alien cultures, the propagation of patriarchal thoughts, the emergence of extremist views, the instrumental look of women and the neglect of their education, The grounds for degeneracy were the status of women in society and the woman lost her value and respect and was banned and banned. By the beginning of the fourteenth century, factors such as the emergence of the industrial revolution and France, the proliferation of modernist issues, colonization and tyranny, and the struggle against it, the emergence of capitalism and urbanization of women, Human advances in new technologies, the urgent need for reforms in the Ottoman Empire, in addition to widespread transformation in Islamic societies, Once again, they provided a platform for the evolution of women's rights and status after the period of recession and caused widespread changes in their rights.

Marriage is a divine covenant and is one of the most important and complex social contracts. It affects the lives of both couples and their children, and even other parts of society, and their registration, like all social contracts, can strengthens and prevent both sides from abusing and violating their duties and many other problems. However, the importance of registering any contract should not be allowed to be excessive in this matter because it may impose other costs on society for the crime of not registering marriage. It costs more than non-registration, and in some other way leads to a lack of family foundation Couples rights abuses is Iran's criminal policy over the past few years has seen a lot of downs and downsides in the crime of not registering marriage, and has shown different and different and sometimes contradictory attitudes. In this context, referring to religious sciences and jurisprudential review and The Shari'a issue can be solved and will help to reduce the challenges and provide a more reliable position on this issue. The research seeks to ensure that Article 49 of the Family Protection Law, which considers the absence of registration of marriage as a crime and has imposed a punishment for it, is based on a jurisprudential approach Criticized the reasons for criminalizing the lack of registration of marriage in the absence of proof and not lacking Byq this matter with Athar law to prove.

The current research was aimed at predicting mothersʼ parenting styles based on their early schemas and the attachment styles. The research statistic society was the mothers having an infant born in the first half of 1394 in jahrom which by using a simple random method, a sample of 326 persons was selected. For gathering the information from Baumrind’ s parenting style questionnaire, Young’ s schematic questionnaire and Collins & Read’ s attachment style questionnaire were used. For evaluating the information, the correlation-factor meaningful test and multi variate analysis were used. The result showed that all of the early schemas with the permissive and authoritarian child-rearing styles had a direct meaningful relationship and only the impaired autonomy and performance schemas had a reverse relationship with the authoritative child-rearing styles. Also, the avoidant and ambivalent-secure attachment styles had a direct meaningful relationship with the permissive and authoritarian child-rearing styles and the secure attachment style had a revers meaningful and direct meaningful relationship with the authoritarian authoritative child-rearing style, respectively. The impaired autonomy and performance schema was able to predict the permissive child-rearing style positively and authoritative child-rearing style negatively and the Disconnection and Rejection and Over vigilance schemas were able to predict the authoritarian child-rearing style positively and the other directedness schema were able to predict the authoritative child-rearing style positively. The ambivalent attachment style had an ability to predict the permissive and authoritative child-rearing styles positively and the secure attachment style was able to predict the authoritarian child-rearing style negatively and the authoritative child-rearing style positively. So, the mothers’ parenting styles were affected by their early schemas and attachment styles.

The present study investigates the role and challenges of women's participation in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Despite some cultural and legal barriers, some cultural options and subjects have always been encouraged by their influential presence. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire survey, and using cochran formula, 333 women who were members of NGOs in lorestan province were questioned. Using the AMOS software, the fitness indices of the structural equation model have been evaluated and confirmation of hypotheses has been investigated. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between activity in the NGOs and the proximity of the system and the world life. Activity in NGOs have been tied to voluntary presence, and volunteering means flexibility in accepting roles and activities that extend to the entire life of the members. The following theories used in this research, including habermas' theory, show that man can take a selective approach to the world of life, although the apparently socio-economic system in various ways in the form of social roles from birth to the end of life prevents the creation of such communication.

This study has investigated rural women tendency to occupation. The statistical population of this research was 15-64-year-old rural women in rural areas of Najaf Abad County. Sample size was estimated by using Cochran formula and 180 women were selected through stratified sampling with proportional allocation. In this study, the research tool was a research-made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by professors of Tehran University and its reliability measured by calculating Cronbach-Alpha coefficient (α ˃ 0. 8). Data analysis was done through SPSS software. The results showed that more than half of rural women had moderate to high tendency to occupation. Moreover, the findings revealed that there was no significant difference between different rural women groups in terms of marital status, membership in rural institutions, receiving loans, occupational status with their tendency to occupation. The results of the research also indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the amount of studying per day and the husband’ s/father’ s opinion to women’ s occupation and rural women’ s tendency to occupation. In addition, there was a significant negative relationship between the patriarchal in the family and rural women’ s tendency to occupation whereas the relationship between freedom of social movement and their tendency to occupation was not significant. In addition, under 20-year-old rural women as well as rural women with higher education had more tendency to occupation.

The close link between gender differences and the issue of inequality and power has transformed gender sociology into one of the growing and most important areas of sociology and cultural studies. In addition to conducting a comparative study of gender attitude in different countries, the paper attempts to explain different attitudes toward gender, by referring to conceptual-theoretical tools of "patriarchal discourse" and "modernity discourse". The theoretical reasoning of the article is that the inclusive and historical discourse of patriarchy, which produces an unequal gender attitude, is now challenged in opposition to modernity discourse and its equalitarian achievements. This hypothesis has been tested empirically by examining the relationship between "modernization" (in terms of economic, social, political and gender dimensions) and the "gender attitude" index. Methodologically, the study was conducted using the documentary method and secondary analysis of data from valid database and among 80 countries from 2005 to 2014. In the descriptive findings part of the study, gender attitude has been measured among the countries of the world and differentiated into five distinct clusters based on a spectrum of "totally equalitarian attitudes" to "purely patriarchal attitudes". The study of the relationship between modernization indicators and gender attitude confirms theoretical assumptions. Countries that rank higher in the indicators of modernization have an "equalitarian" gender attitude, and vice versa, countries with lower levels of modernization have a "patriarchal attitude". One of the other findings of this study is the decisive effect of the "Islam" on gender attitude.

There are types of lyrics in contemporary poetry as well as the classical poetry. These types are evident in classical, neoclassical and contemporary Nimaiic currents. Different types are seen in contemporary poetry in new ways, one of which is fictional poetry. The fictional poems in contemporary poetry, especially in Nimaiic flow, are divided into two audible and pictorial branches. The fictional poem in contemporary poetry moves to theatrical poetry using novel illustration, and fictional poetry goes from traditional narrative to the dramatic scene. Forough Farrokhzad is the representative of contemporary female free or Nimaiic poets. In his fictional poetry, he creates women's personalities with different characteristics. The present article is the result of investigation and analyzing Forough poems with a descriptive-analytical method and a library study. The poems have been analyzed in a comparative way. The character of women in her poetry are influenced by the intellectual changes and individual character of the poet, and the movement of society’ s traditional women and their shifting to social women can be considered in his poems in sociological terms. The personality and social and insight of women in his fictional poems represent the face of contemporary women in regard to modern society and variable concept of feminism at the contemporary time of the poet.

Iran has been increasingly affected by the process of globalization and developments of new technologies in recent decades. In the course of these influences, changes in the lifestyles of the people and other dimensions of their lives have been created. The reduction of gender gap, the increase of the rate of women’ s participation, and the reduction of fertility rates, etc. can be considered as its consequences. Therefore, the study of this relationship of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and its changes and severity for future policies can be very important, including the link between fertility and ICT and employment and ICT. This study examines the cyberspace deployment effect on women’ s employment and fertility rate in Iran’ s economy. Hence, the data of 30 provinces in the period of 1387-1393 applying pooled-panel data within the framework of simultaneous equations using two-stage least squares were analysed. The results revealed that there is a reverse relationship between fertility rate and women’ s labor force participation rate and by increasing the ICT development index, women’ s labor force participation rate increases. But cyberspace development, contrary to the expectations, has had a positive and significant effect on the fertility rate. In determining this, one can refer to the social conditions governing the country and the ICT capabilities in facilitating child-rearing.

Mental health is one of the key variables in the field of Psychology and Educational Sciences and several related factors have been studied so far. The purpose of this research was to study the prediction of mental health based on variables of personality characters and body image. The statistical population of this research included all female two-grade high school students in Sepidan in the academic Year 2017-2018. The sample study consisted of 248 female high school students who were selected by stratified random sampling. The instruments used in this study were NEO-Five factors questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Multidimensional body-self relations (Cash, 1997), And General Health (Goldberg& Hillier. 1979) Questionnaire. The correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relation between extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with the mental health of adults Female students, and there was a negative and significant relation between neuroticism and mental health (P<0/01). Neuroticism feature, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness predicted 19 percent of the variance of mental health. Also, the results showed that there was a meaningful relationship Between Mental Health and Body image (P<0/05). Body Areas Satisfaction and Appearance Orientation predicted 11 percent of the variance of mental health. So, it was found from the research findings that the personality characteristics and body image can play important roles in mental health of Female Students.

This study, which is entitled "Investigation of social determinants of attitude to Hijab among 18-32 year-old women", is conducted through quantitative and survey approach by consideration of definition and behavior paradigms (rational selection, misleading labeling, distortion learning and subculture). Based on Cochran formula, statistical sample of this study consists of 300 18-32 year-old women living in Lali County and they are selected by unpredictable and purposive method. This research statistically analyzes effects of independent variables such as age, social status, religiousness level, family education, and amount of applied mass media on attitude to Hijab as dependent variable. SPSS software is used to analyze data; and tests such as Pearson correlation coefficient and bivariate regression are applied according to parametric and relative levels of hypotheses (except for the first hypothesis); and also two-way ANOVA is performed on subjects in order to analyze the first parametric and difference hypothesis (trivariate). According to obtained results of this research, there is a positive, direct, and significant relationship between other independent variables such as jobs, religiousness level, family education, and age, except for mass media variable, with attitude to hijab. Keywords: Social status, religiousness level, attitude to Hijab, and mass media.