SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 (35) |Papers Count:16

This study aimed to compare the cognitive, affective jealousy and affective styles (secrecy, compatibility and tolerance) between unfaithful, betrayed women and women with no experience of betrayal (normal). This Ex Post Facto research was conducted on two groups of population: Unfaithful and betrayed women, visiting the welfare Organization of Iran and its affiliated counseling centers, and women with no experience of betrayal, visiting the public health center of Saveh. Subjects from the first population (30 unfaithful and 30 betrayed women) and second population (30 normal women) were selected using convenience sampling and simple random sampling techniques, respectively. Data collection instrument included the Jealousy Assessment Inventory developed by Valizadeh and Azerbaijani (2010), and the Affective Style Questionnaire by Hofmann and Kashdan (2010). Results from the application of MANOVA on data showed higher rate of cognitive, affective and behavioral jealousy in normal women than in unfaithful woman and betrayed ones., in addition, secrecy, as an affective style, was more prevalent among unfaithful woman than betrayed and normal ones.

This study aims to explain the impact of life skills training on social skills and academic performance of female students. The method is experimental with pre and post test. Statistical community includes 60 female students in secondary school year in Marvdasht in the years 1393 – 1394. They were selected based on cluster random sampling. 30 were assigned to experimental and 30 to control group. Thses people were those who got low greads in the social skill questionnaire (Elliot & Gersham, education and performance (Pham &Taylor) which was used that as a tool of this research in the pre test. Life skills training was applied for two months for an average of 90 minutes for the experimental group while the control group received no training. Analyze the data was done on two levels inferential and descriptive. The findings with regard to the test results covariance analysis showed that life skills training has a significant effect on social skills of students as well as on the debris as socialskill and acdemic performance of students.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of women's general health on the family health in Shiraz. The present research has a practical purpose, the method of collecting data is descriptive, and the type of research is correlation and field method. The statistical population of the present study is the women living in Shiraz city in all the 10 areas. Participants were asked to complete the questionnaire. Using random sampling method, 270 women were selected as sample. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression and structural equation were used. The results of stepwise regression showed that in the first step, the mental health of the family predicted 42 percent of the variances of the company in public sports. In the second step, creating calm in the family environment predicted 31 percent of the variances in public sport. In the third step, the creation of a happy atmosphere at home predicts 66 percent of the variances in the public sport. Also, based on the structural equation model all of these indices are suitable and therefore the research model is a suitable model. Participation in public sport can increase the family's spirits and happiness, prolonged mental health and relaxation in the family. Therefore, all governmental and nongovernmental organizations need to do their utmost to encourage community participation in public sports.

We attempt to examine the political participation of women, as the agency or subject in the expansion of democracy, within the framework of the ruling structure in the Iranian community. We use descriptive analytical method and Agonistic Democracy Theory's Mouffe and Structuralism Theory's Althusser to present sociological analysis of women's political participation on the 10 Th parlimentary election in Iran. Along these lines, we used Althusser's theory to explain obstacles for the emergence and formation of female subject. Therefore, we used structuralism theory and attempted to explain the role of economic structure and then political and cultural structure on the continuation or naturalization patriarchy discourse and the denial of female subject. Mouffe referred to polemical democracy in articulation with Liberal economy. It was concluded that polemical democracy has no relationship on articulation with rentier states. To achieve real democracy, economic development is undeniable and necessity to change the economic nature and structure of these communities.

The concept of femininity as a social construct that has had many implications at different times is followed by various "occasions", one of the important foundations of which are sports centers, cosmetics and beauty clinics. To this end, the purpose of this study was to identify the implications of femininity. The researchers went to the customers of beauty clinics, sports clubs, hairdressers and health centers to achieve this goal, and with the consideration of theoretical saturation standard, 50 women and girls were interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The obtained information was analyzed using the AnviVo software 11 and also using the data base theory (Strauss coding approach) and presented in the form of a paradigm model. In this research, the cultural hegemony of the West and the culture industry were discovered in the form of causal conditions, the identity of the brucollage, and the facilitation of surgeries and the application of beauty as intervening conditions. Also, the beauty challenge and the sexual representation were considered as ground conditions. Sexual and sexual fantasies, sexual imagination, self-concept, and increased sexual desire were also found as strategies and implications of femininity. Finally, the concept of rhizomatous femininity was extracted as a central nucleus. Paying attention to the concept reflects the implications of femininity

In recent years, cybercrime has become one of the biggest and most serious challenges facing the criminal justice system. Studies in the context of cyber victim show that women, including "vulnerable groups" are in cyberspace. What adds to worries is that in recent years, with the advent of social networks, the number of female offenders has expanded exponentially. Countering this unpleasant situation in cyberspace depends on the exact pathology of the problem and the adoption of appropriate measures to deal with crime factors. This study, using criminological theories, seeks to identify the causes of female victimization in cyberspace and specifically in social networks. Findings of this study suggest that along with the ease of committing crime in social networks, the victim's lifestyle and the type of virtual interactions are parts of the causes and factors of female victimization in cyberspace.

This study describes the place of polygamy in the present society based on Quran. Data has been derived from Quran, interpretation, and the books written by religious science experts. Descriptive and analytical method has been used in this article. The subject of polygamy has been always investigated from different and contradictory viewpoints of experts. Documentary about polygamy according to Quran, the principle of moral and legal sociability, some viewpoints related to religious preference, the approval of polygamy, reverence and also judge's prohibition in non-emergency are not compatible with aforesaid principle. But based on Quran's viewpoint, monogamy is the principle and it says, in contemporary society, polygamy means social abuse in unnecessary situations. Because of the need of an appropriate behavior with women in contemporary society, men are never allowed to remarry since it can cause their wife’ s suffering. In addition, referring to the related verse based on limitation and reformation of Arab customs of revelation age is a clear referent of this fact.

Women’ s employment in cultural and especially economic areas has many positive and negative effects on urban and family spaces. This paper examines the role of women’ s employment and its various effects on urban spaces. The research method is descriptive-analytical as a way to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, as well as rating each of them, as well as rating each of them, and determining the priority between the indices of attitude, social and cultural affairs. The statistical society of this research is women working in Kashan city which according to the approach of decision models, 50 of the elites and experts have been used as the sample. Indicator scoring is done with the hourly spectrum that, after the final score, all the indices, strength, weaknesses, opportunities and paternity were compared. The results showed that the effect of women’ s employment on urban economics with a weight of. 647 is more than other indicators. To determine the final score of the indicators in the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, the first priority was the opportunities that in total the consolidated value had the highest score. The sum of the combined value of the strengths was 1. 68, weaknesses 1. 56, opportunities 3. 41 and threats 1. 77 respectively.

Is "hijab" an ethical value rooted in reality or considered as a custom which is related to different communities and traditions? The answer to this question requires a clear criterion for differentiating customs from values. Based on the differences between values and customs, we can say; any value which is original, reasonable, and common to everyone, relates to man's inner dimension, and if it is contacted to humans’ happiness, it is moral value, otherwise it should be placed among customs. These five features exist in the category of "hijab" and therefore hijab is an ethical value. Accordingly, hijab, is rooted in nature and it does not depend on the circumstances of different communities and traditions. This article clarifies the criteria for the distinction between customs and values, and also with a method of analysis, with an emphasis on the views of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, in an effort to show that "hijab" is a virtue. Hence the belief of those who consider "hijab" as a custom is not acceptable.

Urban public spaces are used for compulsory, voluntarily, and, more importantly, social activities and women certainly have the right to play an active role in, and they should benefit from equal right the same as men. This study aimed to address the amount of adaptation of public spaces in zone 8 of Tabriz the needs of women. The present study is applied and, in essence, is descriptive-analytic. 242 questionnaires were distributed, according to the Cochran formula, among women and data were analyzed using Factor-analysis and t-Test. The Cronbach Alpha was 88/3 which is ‘ good’ . The questions, based on Exploratory Factor Analysis model, have been categorized into four factors: physical, accessibility, social-cultural, and security. Overall, these factors specify %68/32 of variance of the variables. The result shows that the factors of infrastructure of physical, accessibility, social-cultural with the levels of significance, 0/04, 0/01, and 0/03, respectively, are not adapted desirably to the needs of women, but the level of significance for the security factor (0/217) shows a suitable condition through the lens of the respondents. According to results and due to the fact that citizens and tourists visit the zone regularly, this issue should be taken into account significantly by the authorities and the related organizations.

The main objective of this research is to identify and prioritize strategies for developing social entrepreneurship in the field of woman headed households. Accordingly, 37 strategies are based on seven factors: policy factors, institutional and legal factors, entrepreneurship training and self-sufficiency, business facility, networks and nongovernmental organizations, funds and associations, counseling support and the welfare service agent were examined. The statistical population of this research is the university professors and experts of the Sistan and Baluchestan provincial relief committee who are active in the field of social entrepreneurship of women headed by households. Due to the limited community of population, sampling was not carried out, and by the census method, 19 individuals were selected as a sample. After collecting data, binomials and SPSS software were used to confirm the components and indices. Using the process of fuzzy hierarchical analysis, factors were prioritized. The research findings show that policy, institutional and legal factors are ranked first and the business facility is ranked second. Of the 37 strategies identified, women's household insurance strategy, products marketing services and Provide employment facilities for women's households, ranked from first to third.

Occupational stress incurs various physical, psychological, and behavioral consequences. The occupational stress among physicians, as important members of the healthcare system, can affect not only their quality of care for others, but also of their lives and marital adjustment. As women are considered vulnerable in the society, this study, therefore, was conducted to determine the relationship between occupational stress and female physicians’ quality of life and their marital adjustments in Amol city in 1394. Method: It was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population included all female physicians either employed in hospitals or working at their offices in Amol city (158 subjects). 100 subjects were selected as samples referring to the Krejcie and Morgan table. The instruments used for data collection included the following questionnaires: (Spanier's Dyadic Adjustment Scale), (Occupational Stress, the International Labour Standards on Occupational Safety and Health), and (QOL, World Health Organization). Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability coefficient for the QOL scale was 0. 95, for the dyadic adjustment was 0. 95 and for the occupational stress questionnaire of the International Labor Organization for occupational safety and health was 0. 89. Pearson correlation coefficient and focal analysis were used to determine the relationship between occupational stress, quality of life, and dyadic adjustment. Findings: There is a negative and significant relationship between occupational stress and the quality of life among female physicians. Female physicians showed a negative relationship between their occupational stress and dyadic adjustment. There is a significant relationship between quality of life and dyadic adjustment among female physicians. Result: Considering the negative and significant relationship between occupational stress and the quality of life among female physicians, female physicians can reduce the amount of stress by having appropriate work-plan and adjusting their working hours to enjoy better adjustment with their spouses in their marital life, hence enhancing their quality of life

The purpose of the present study is to investigate tendency to fertility among women of 18-25 years old in Ilam city and the social factors influencing it. The method of the study is survey. The survey was run with 190 persons (with regard to the achieved variance and Cochran formula) using cluster sampling, questionnaire and interview technique. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS. Findings show that the tendency to fertility among the women in Ilam city is under the replacement rate. In multi-variable regression analysis also 43/7 percent of variance of degree of tendency to fertility is determined by variables including the negative role of satellite and TV on having many children, the positive role of TV on having many children, discouragement from family and others, positive advertisement of social networks, public sport, and the age of respondent are among the contributing factors. In analyzing the path, the index of positive role of TV on having many children has the highest effect (0/323) and the index of public sport has the lowest effect (0/124) on tendency to fertility. Totally, theories of social learning, and body management is appropriate for specifying the relationship between social factors and tendency to fertility.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the behavior or speech and. . . provocative of the victim which is the cause of the crime and, according to Article 38 of the Islamic Penal Code 1392, commits a reduction in the punishment. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was used using library tools and sampling of 60 cases of victimized women in the judiciary in Shahrekord. The way in which files were used was that all cases were studied, and among these cases, those who were victimally, had an effective role in committing a crime. Then, the analysis of the discussion was dealt with. Finally, the effect of the underlying causes of sexual crimes and their roles in reducing the punishment in the Iranian judiciary and courts based on jurisprudential and legal foundations was investigated. According to the findings of this research, firstly, the behaviors and speeches of the victim are the basis for committing sexual offenses. Secondly, the actions and behavior that underlie sexual offenses and chastity do not only reduce the punishment of the perpetrator, but also sometimes lead to the fall of the criminal punishment. Thirdly, discounts and deductions are not specific to Ta'zir, and generalization is also applied to extrajudicial incidents and retaliation

Work-family facilitation based on the latest available evidence is crucial to the health and development of female nurses. Accordingly, this research was administered with the aim of investigating the role of work-family facilitation and family-work facilitation for health and development of female nurses. Research method was correlation and statistical population was the women nurses of two public sector hospital, among them one hundred and eighty seven women nurses were selected using quota sampling and responded to the work-family facilitation questionnaire (Holbrook, 2005), psychological well being questionnaires (Golparvar et al, 2014), researcher made psychological security questionnaire, marital satisfaction questionnaire (Fowers & Olson, 1993) and researcher made personal growth questionnaire. Data were analysed using Pearson’ s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (enter method). The results showed that there is a positive significant relationship between work-family facilitation and personal growth, psychological well-being and psychological security, and between family-work facilitation with four healthy development indexes. The results of this study indicate that work-family facilitation and family-work facilitation are important variables, that need to be addressed further among female nurses.

The purpose of this study was defining the mediating role of anxiety in relation to social inhibition and vital exhaustion of female employed and unemployed in the city of Boukan. This research is purposeful, applied and methodically descriptive of survey type. The statistical population included female employed of Boukan city and 100 women employed and 100 women unemployed were selected through selected randomly sampling. Beck scales (1990), Neo scales (1989), vital exhaustion Maastricht scale (2005) were administered to collect data. Then data were analyzed by T-test, means of Pearson correlation coefficient, and path analysis. The results t test showed that between employed and unemployed women in social inhibition and vital exhaustion and anxiety, there is a significant difference. According to the results of Pearson correlation, anxiety has a significant and positive relationship with social inhibition and vital exhaustion in employed women. In addition, the findings of path analysis indicated that anxiety affect social inhibition and vital exhaustion. According to research findings, the intensity and degree of anxiety can predict the social inhibition and vital exhaustion of working people.