SOCIOLOGY OF WOMEN (JOURNAL OF WOMAN AND SOCIETY)
Year:2016 | Volume:7 | Issue:1 (25)|Papers Count:13

The overall aim of this research was to identify the role of social capital on empowerment of female citrus orchardists in Sari Township. A combination of quantitative, descriptive-inferential statistics served as the methodology of the study. In this research, 248 female citrus orchardists were selected through stratified random sampling. SPSS 16 was applied for data analysis. Cronbach's alpha was 0.87. The average age range of female citrus orchardists in the study was 49.88 years old and their relative work experience was 25.66 years old. The average amount of social capital and female citrus orchardists' empowerment in Sari Township were more. Regression showed that 8.9 percent of the variance of female citrus orchardists' empowerment was determined by social capital. It is recommended that social capital variables be considred to strengthen the women citrus orchardists' empowerment including th use of mass media by female citrus orchardists. However recommendations from other citrus orchardists, help from other female citrus orchardists with personal and family affairs, municipality and village council members' help and female citrus orchardists' information increase about modern horticultural machinery would be effective.

Quality of life is not in good condition in Iran especially among women. Considering that the realization of the objective and subjective quality of life indices has a close relation with citizens' awareness of the citizenship rights, the present study has tried to investigate the relationship between citizenship rights and the quality of life. The research method is a survey one. The population includes the women aged 25-44 in Shiraz that 400 people were selected by using random multi-stage sampling method. The research instrument to measure the quality of life is the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL). The research tool for measuring awareness of citizenship rights is a researcher-made questionnaire including three dimensions: civil rights, political rights and social rights based on the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran that its validity was measured using content validity and the reliability was calculated through test-retest method. Descriptive results of the study show that, the women's quality of life is at average level. Analytical results showed that, there is a significant and positive relationship between the awareness of citizenship rights and the quality of life. In addition, among demographic variables, there is only significant relationship between academic education and quality of life. Research conclusion is that in order to improve the women’s quality of life, their awareness of their citizenship rights that have been reflected in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran should be improved.

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of couple coping enhancement training on dyadic coping, conflict resolution styles, ineffective dialogue and intimate safety among couples. The method of this research was semi- experimental pre -posttest with following and control group and statistical population included the couples referring to clinics in Ahwaz city in 2014 among whom 30 couples (15 ones for experimental group and 15 ones for control group) were selected by volunteer convenience sampling method and extra and exclude criteria. Research instrument includes Bodenman dyadic coping questionnaire, conflict resolution styles questionnaire, Kurdek ineffective dialogue questionnaire, Cordova intimate safety revised questionnaire. Data were analyzed with means and covariance. The results suggest that couple coping enhancement training has effect on dyadic coping variables, conflict resolution styles, ineffective dialogue and intimate Security.

The goal of present study is to determine the effect of instrumental and relaxing music on spiritual health of teenage girls. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest theme and a control group. The statistical community included all High school girl students in Shiraz city. A high school was selected by available sampling. 30 students were randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental (each contained 15 persons). Passive music therapies for the subjects were held during 8 sessions for 30 minutes to form a kind of listening of relaxing and nonverbal songs. Before and after music therapy intervention the spiritual health of teenage girls was measured with using spiritual health questionnaire (Palutzian and Ellison). The results of covariance analysis showed an effective increase in the spiritual health of teenage girls. However, the result of the study indicated that the relaxing and nonverbal music would increase the teenage girls ' spiritual health significantly and effectively.

Women who are headed-household are in exposure of various psychological and social risk factors which influence their quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to investigate effect of Life Skills Intervention on quality of life of women headed-household and supported by Meybod welfare organization. This study was a semi experimental study with pretest posttest design and included control and study groups. The population of this study included all of women Headed-Household and supported by Meybod welfare organization. Between them, 30 women were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned in experimental and control group (15 subjects in each group). In experimental group, participants received 12 weekly 2 hour session life skills teachings and control group received no intervention. World health organization quality of life scale (WHOQoL) was completed by all the participants before and after the treatment program. Finally, data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. The results show that life skills teachings have a significant effectiveness in improvement of quality of life of experimental group participants. Also, four subscales of quality of life significantly improved. These results indicate that for improvement of quality of life of Women Headed-Household, life skills interventions should used.

Literary works are closely related to social issues. As we can discover social subtle points by searching through great works of literature. The woman’s role in the field of literature is among the important issues engaging human's mind constantly, which has been the answer of the most questions concerning with women especially their roles in the society. By studying through literary works in various periods, worthy results are achieved concerning with women and their roles in the society through the lyrical and epical literary texts consisting of Shahnameh, Banoogoshasp nameh, Khosro & Shirin and Gol & Norooz. The research method in this survey is analytic-descriptive method. Studying the above-mentioned four works led to collecting the convincing evidence. Valuable results of this research regarding woman’s state open a fresh window for more social –literary studies.

Suicide is defined as knowingly harming oneself to escape from an intolerable situation that is in fact regarded as an unfortunate phenomenon, which includes recognized psychological, social, cultural, and biological dimensions, as well as human and economic consequences. Attempted suicide by self-immolation is the most violent and painful Approach towards the termination of life. Self-immolation means the death of a life for the women who could find no solution better than self-immolation as a reaction against challenges of life after years of patience. The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenon of self-immolation among women of Ilam city by using qualitative method. To achieve this purpose in-depth interview with 12 women who had attempted suicide in recent years was conducted. The theoretical background of this research is looking at two theories. One is Durkheim's theory of suicide, claiming that women's self-immolation in Ilam is a version of Durkheim's fatalistic Suicide. The other theory was the feminist view that explains that patriarchal culture in Ilam society plays the most significant role in harming women. Findings of this qualitative study include general elements of suicide phenomenon such as illiteracy, unemployment, and so on, in addition to some specific elements such as traditional gender patterns (in the form of patriarchy and fanaticism, violence), labeling, deprivation, and depression of women attempting self-immolation. These categories, with reference to the data collected from the interviews suggest multidimensional nature of the phenomenon of self-immolation of women in the city of Ilam.

Rural women have a main role in productive activities. They participate in a variety of activities and at the national levels of economic productivity and family play an important role, so they should be considerate as a key to rural development. This study attempted to evaluate the effect of psychological empowerment components enabling social participation of women in community-based organizations in Kangavar County. Population study consisted of rural women of Kangavar County who participated in community-based organizations. The sample size included 168 people and enumeration method was used. SPSS19 and Amos22 helped to analyze data. According to findings, the component of the empowerment determined 71 percent of changes in women's social participation in community-based organizations. Friedman ANOVA test suggested a significant difference between the components of empowerment. The correlation analysis shows that there is a significant positive relationship at 0.01 and 0.05 between education, income, the amount of land, the communication, and the use of Internet, newspapers and mass media and social participation of women in the social oriented organizations.

Due to the increasing presence of women in society and the importance of mental health and its relationship to marriage, the study aims to compare the psychological well-being and marital burnout among employed and unemployed women in 2014. The sample size randomly selected by cluster included 175 primary teachers working at schools of Karaj and 175 homemakers. Then the psychological well-being and marital burnout were assessed by means of questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and independent t-test. Statistical Analysis revealed a significant difference between employed and unemployed women's psychological well-being and couple burnout, so that working women had higher psychological well-being (p<0.01), but the difference in couple Burnout was more among homemakers (p<0.05). In addition, psychological well-being of women employed in all components except the components of personal growth and autonomy was better than psychological well-being of homemakers. The comparison of marital burnout showed women working only in the mental burnout had significant differences with homemakers and there was no significant difference between the two groups in other dimensions. It seems that negative characteristics of a job such as long working hours and stress do not have significant effect on the psychological well-being of women. On the other hand, employment was not a significant cause for couple fatigue and burnout among employed women. Therefore, providing facilities for social participation and job creation commensurate with the status of women would be effective in their well-being.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an assertiveness training program on female teenagers' shyness and self-concept. This study is a semi-experimental one with pretest and post- test. 57 students from two different classes were involved in the study (Experimental N=32 and Control N=25). The experimental group was instructed through assertiveness skill training in four sessions (each 2 hours). Two questionnaires were used for the samples: 1- revised Cheek and Briggs Shyness questionnaire 2-Beck self- concept questionnaire. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used for analyzing the collected data. Overall, the difference between pre- and post-test scores related to self -concept and shyness was significantly meaningful in favor of experimental groups (P<0.001).The ANCOVA analysis results have shown that assertiveness training program was effective on shyness and self-concept. findings showed that teaching assertiveness skills to students resulted in improving self –concept and shyness. Thus, it is suggested that these types of skill instructions be included as a part of the education programs.

The chief intention in this study was to investigate the sociological demands of women in the press of constitutional era with an emphasis on the first edition of New Iran newspaper in 1948. This newspaper published women’s writings that had a demanding approach towards their social rights and also played a great role in their awakening, awareness, and the fruition of their social demands. Documented, descriptive-analytical method was applied in an attempt to gather information in this review. The importance of addressing this era is also due to the active presence of women for the first time in a guild-like association. This era, when women bring up their social demands, their most fundamental request was opening schools for girls and providing education for girls. The fruition of women’s social efforts to get their social demands in the form of girl schools is the focal purpose of this revision.

The purpose of this study was to examine sociological factors affecting the level of street harassment in the city of Kermanshah. The research used descriptive and survey method. Required data collected by a questionnaire was analyzed by SPSS software. The population included all girls and women aged between 15 and 49 years old in Kermanshah that in date of study (2015) and by statistic of 2011 all of them included 20325. Cluster random sampling contributed to choose the sample size. The result of correlation coefficient shows that there is meaningful relationship between the social disorganization and religion, influence of friends and the relative deprivation. The result of comparing averages indicates that socioeconomic status, material status and being accompanied with others in the street have a significant effect on street harassment. The result of multivariate regression shows that four variables including the relative deprivation (Beta=.36), influence of friends (Beta=.27), the religion (Beta= .19), and social disorganization (Beta=.17), in order of importance in explaining the dependent variable were entered and all together explained 57% of internal changes in dependent variable.

Culture as a set of beliefs, habits of thought on the origin of human societies that create consistency and dynamics of indicate history and society; the identity of the inhabitants of a country can be fitted, on the passing of time and relying on the relationship between human beings and education, constantly undergoing transformation. In the meantime the cultural beliefs of the rural population due to having limited contact with other communities as well as being a ruler, during their life history tradition less change. Research ahead with an approach applied to the review and assessment of the effects of the Cultural Institute of Beytolahzan cultural changes a bit in Fahlyan rural district of rural women fitted mamasani County functions. Descriptive analytical research methods and data collection tools and interview preparation questionnaire forklift can be fitted. The statistical population consists of 440 persons from rural women, which between them total 120 persons as specified in the sample size. In order to analyze the findings of the research, the beginning of the questionnaire were encrypted, then lift the encrypted data to spss software, data transfer software. For the assessment of single samples T-test questions and to test the hypothesis of lift of Pearson has been used. The results of the research suggest that it is fitted a bit more in the field of Beytolahzan, Institute of education and training has been successful, so children of which more than 90 per cent of women. Also in the context of the Quran classes for reading, discussion, and also hold the pilgrimage have up 80% satisfaction of rural women. Finally, a significant relationship between the correlation coefficient with 0/985 classes and meetings organized by the cultural institution of the people a bit of beytalahzan and make a change in society's cultural values, beliefs, and relative rural women view.and change in relative beliefs and cultural values rural women society.