Journal of the Stylistic of Persian Poem and Prose
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (27)|Papers Count:23

Tazkereh alshabab is works of the 13th H.A that in 1265 H.A by Mohammad Mehdi ibn Mohammad Bagher Isfahani who known by the sobriquet Forughaldin and his pen-name on Forugh Forugh and possibly on his own hand writing on prose and verse in Arabic and Persian.Forughaldin was one of the Qajar officials who was financial accountant and arithmetic and has left much work behind.The main version of the Tazkereh alshabab is in National Library and the other copy is kept in the Malek library. In this book there are valuable entries about the events in the Qajar period, Author's biography and also his poems in Persian and Arabic, The main version is in prose which also has 797 couplets of verse contain 693 couplets of the odes, sonnets, mathnavi and persian author works, and 104 couplets allocated to Arabic poetry.After reading the Tazkereh alshabab main version and comparison with two other manuscripts the writer have provided corrected and impeccable text together with the presentation of the author, his biography and his works, Check text stylistic, extraction Historical entries, Explaining difficult words and phrase And create several lists. This paper is the result of his research on literary - political characteristic of the writer and stylistic and literary specifications of one of his valuable works to the literary society.

Based on previous famous literatures, a lot of poets have done temper test during the period of Indian poem style prevalence. In spite of the fact that some of them are unknown, they are important, one of them is the poem of "Khorram and Ziba" belonging to "Mohammad ebne Moemene Kermani " whose pen name is "Fadaee" and he is one of the poets of 12thcentery. Fadaeecomposed his poem with effect of Nezami's "Khosro & Shirin" and it includes 8200 distiches. This poem was written exquisitely about the love story of Khoram and Ziba and numerous wars associated to their love.The poem of "Khoram and Ziba" is a valuable literature which have been obscure until now. In addition to introducing this poem properly, one of its outstanding and notable feature is studied in this research. The numerous wars and epic situations is depicted in the story, in this poem, saga and lyric is flourished simultaneously. The substantial amounts of epic features in this lyrical poem can set this apart from a lot of poems. After introducing the poem of "Khoram and Ziba", this study carries out the analysis of its epic features.

The history of Al Vozaray Abol Raja Ghomi is one of the literary well known books which concerns with autobiography of Saljooghian ministers, it is a historical work, but the language is absolutely literary. Two artistic features of book are creative use of Amsal va Hekam translation in Persian and Hokm Adab Tazi as well as frequent references to the ancestor’s beliefs in animals. The results of these two books are out of norm and out of ancestor writers, therefore this work is different to other prose works in style. Hence the well-known style of book is literary-historical in Persian literary history as well as stylistic. It was shown that this theme is mostly intellectual used style. Whereas these two issues are seen in the previous literary books, but it has taken the style qualities in the history book of Al Vozara. The examples show that the author has used organic principles, aesthesis’ in the context of Al Vozara which carries these two well-known style.

Biography writing, or the literature of biography, is a form of Islamic history writing. The literature consists of books concerning the written history of different social groups, or individuals. In the real sense of the word, biography writing is few during the Safavid Period, and few formal historians have written biographies in that period. However, there are considerable books dealing with genealogy, autobiography, personal accounts of individuals, tribes, and local chronicles in the period that give information about personal events in the lives of famous people living in the period. Through these books, one can get a relatively clear picture of the contemporary classes, guilds, and various personalities in the society, and therefore, one can reconstruct a sort of social history of the period. Before the Safavids, the biographical texts had a religious orientations in the sense that they focused on religious personalities and classes as the Muslim Community [that is, the Muslim Omah]. During the Safavids, however, there was a shift towards other strata in a way that all the elements within the government received equal attentions. The present study tries to analyze the approaches and the evolution of biography writing and to discuss different social classifications in the Safavid Period.

Zoology is a science which has been paid to since ancient times and in this field a lot of books has been written, concerning the constraction of animal's body, study their illnesses and finding cures and also expressing the uses and harms of each animal alang with the legends about animals. One of the most important works about of Hayat Al Heivan written in Arabic language by Damiri in 8th centry.The importance of the book is so high that it is the pattern for the next writers in zoology fieled.Mohammad Taghi Tabrizi who lived in the age of Shah Abba II I one of the earliest one who translated and abstracted the book of Hayat Al Heivan and did it on the order of Shah Safavi and called his book ‘Khavas Al Heivan, In this essay Al first we introduce and survey several books in the field of zoology then we will survey the most important stylistic features of Khavas Al Heivan books.

One of the implements of poetry imagination and also the most applied kind of imagery, is metaphor that can be used to analyze much of the poet's feelings and perceptions. However many of Daghighi poetry is not available, but study in remained verses of this poet new results about his metaphors can be attained. Daghighi strength in metaphor is seen in his lyrical poems so that these metaphors have a special flourish among the contemporary poets and pioneers of Persian poems. This is in the occasion that researchers attention has been drawn to his Goshtasb-nameh not his other poems. The present paper has studied metaphors in different aspects of rhetoric and subject and has presented a scientific and statistical analysis of it.

The manuscript of ‘Helal Motarraz Dar Fan Moama Wa Loghz’, Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi’s literary work, a Persian historian and poet lived in the 8th century of Hijri calendar or lunar calendar. This literary work is concerned with definition, explanation and knowledge of riddles and conundrums. It was written (in 828-832 years of lunar calendar) for Ibrahim Sultan, the son of Timurid ruler, Shahrukh. This text includes an introduction, 2 sections and 5 chapters. Utilizing content analysis method, the main purpose the present research is to delves into the literary expressive and literary features and techniques and the ultimate purpose is to answer the main research question: what are Sharaf ad-Din’s literay style and expreesive features.The results of this research indicated that the writer has used varied and various writing features, simple and coherent prose has been used to elaborate on concepts and expressions. Also, frequent references to verses and Hadith, terms of riddles and conundrums, explanation of mystic, theosophical, mathematical and musical concepts and terms were the main features of the work.

Always during the past time stories and allusions of the Quran get writers attentions. Maybe the most important reason that gets the writers attention to stories that are about Islam is their fate and belief. Also their audience is an important reason too.Releasing these kinds of books greatly helps spreading religious idea.Also interest audience and writers get to their educational purpose.Reading poetry and prose books show us that Persian poets and writers used allusions of the Quran to hold on history of prophets.Almost all of the Persian poets and writers used these stories and allusions even poets who tell poem for the king and royal families used these allusions.In this article we use Noah's story for case study.Noah’s allusions in poetry and prose books during the history have been studied in this article.

Qesas-ol anbiya and seiar-ol moluk are belong to Abu Muhamad Joveiri who is a mystic from forth century AH .According to what is mentioned in the preface of this book, it has been compiled in Arabic language at 352 AH. In the reign of Sultan Qiasuddin Mozaffar and by his own order a group of Indian scholars started to translate it into the Persian language. Hitherto most researchers know this book as a written works which is belongs to forth century AH. Khānbaba Moshār mentioned that this book has been written in Persian in the seventh century AH. In this article has been guesstimate the approximate date of writing by examining the style features and historical evidences. According to this features and evidences the date of translation of this book in Persian must not reach before the eleventh century AH.

KhialiBokharaei is an ambiguity processor poet of the ninth century. He has fantastic lyrics. Bokharaei has been used of spiritual and modern arrays, beautiful simile and metaphors. This study aims to analyses the Khiali' style in use of a variety of ambiguous words name. This poet artistically by words name of human's organ, words and mystical terms, words and expression bell, the name of places, the name of person, the name of clans and tribes, religious words, words, phrases and musical instrument, instrument of war, the celestial bodies and etc. has been created ambiguous words name. In the fields of poetry and art, he has attended to previous poets, especially poets of combining groups such as: khajookermani, Salman sajavi, NaserBokharaei, kamalkhujandi and Hafez shirazi. Of course, Hafez' influence on imaginary lyrics of Bokharaei is more prominent than the other poets listed.

Ode is a verse-form wich has coherent frame, consist of four parts: lyricism, preparing for eulogy, eulogy, prayer, each part is related to the next part in meaning. Connecting the parts with their next part is necessary and the poet makes the speech connected consciously, but we wonder if in his mind, the parts wich are far from each other, are also related and coherent?Studing Abd-al-Vase’ Jabali’s odes, 6th century A.H. poet, shows that in some odes, the last part (prayer) is connected in meaning with the first part (lyricism), in other words, associations send back the readership’s minds to the beginning of the poem so that makes the ode wholly coherent. Lexical cohesion is a way to creat a coheret text, consists of: Collocation, Synonymy, Antonymy, Repetition, Hyponymy and Meronymy. The relationship between these items constructs cohesive chains. The frequency of each item and methods of chain’s construction and expanding them in the whole text is a stylistics item wich helps the researcher to find out the stylistic index of works. This research indicates the function of these items in long chains to connect the beginning of the odes to their ending and to creat the coherent text, by giving examples from Jabali’s divan.

As Naser Khosro was a shiite poet and a great missionary of his religion, his important style poet features are telling virtues of the prophet s family, specially Imam Ali (p, b, u, h), expressing his love and derotion toward them, defending their rights and blaming the opponents and enemies of the prophet s family and all of these matters are reflected in a lot of his elegies.When the power was in the hand of prejudiced Sunnitc Turkish, Naser Khosro preached his religion bravely and frankly and endangered his lif several times and with giving reasons like, being Godly the prophetic and Imamate mission, stipulating Imam Ali s Velayat by the prophet in Ghadir Khom, the prophet s Several traditions about Imam Ali and verses of holy Koran in his dignity, the relationship of Imam Ali between and the and the prophet of Islam, the countless virtues of Amir- al-momenin and the superiority of that Hazrat and the also with offending against opponents for their perjury, and their opposition to Allah s and prophet s order, putting away the best person and the selected of God prophet for their ignorance and jealous and pretending to this point that he is not old enough, ….has defended shiite and Velayat Imam Ali and as he was a great poet and a master speaker, his reasonings and defences are interesting to listen.

Color is one the most influential tools of creating literary- artistic works. Although, in the history of Persian literature this element lacked today’s diversity, in the realm of poetry, it has always played a critical determining role in inducing concepts and visualization. Studying the extent and manner of using different colors, either in ancient or modern poetry, is a useful attempt to get into the world of emotion and thoughts of poets and to understand the level of their mastery of using literary forms and techniques. According to the significance of this matter, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the functional role of color in the form and content of Sanai’s lyrics, an initiator of several literary movement of Persian poetry. Reviewing his lyrics with regard to this perspective can help identifying another significant part of his thought and poetic features. Sanaei mostly used color in to express theme of love in his poems. The most frequent colors used in his poems are: black, red, white, yellow. Simile and metaphors are the most common rhetoric – imagery figures of speech that he used on this ground.

The ghazals of Khosrou Ehteshami is lesser known among other contemporary ghazal composers. This poet has three poetry books and ghazals called “Epic in Silk”, “Lights of a Rainy Night”, and “Romantic poems of Old Age”. The poetic style, linguistic elements and imagery of ghazals of this poet is more similar to the Indian Style and particularly those of Bidel Dehlavi. Ad sometimes he has a look to innovation of linguistic elements. Ehteshami’s ghazals has been successful in Epic in Silk in which he follows the Indian Style. The mode of arrangement and thematization of the ghazals of this poet is similar to those of the poets of Indian Style. His poetic imagery is sometimes innovative or imitative which is similar to the method of full-personification used in the Indian Style and Bidel Dehlavi’s poetry. Innovative, Bidel-like compositions, native and local words, ambiguity, amphibology, Makniyeh and Takhliyeh (imagistic) metaphors similar in mode of the Indian Style, unfamiliar words, paradox, synesthesia, numerical affinities, thematization, innovative similes and etc. are among important pints of Ehteshami’s ghazals. The present article is to investigate the effect of the basics and characteristics of the Indian Style in Ehteshami’s ghazal.

Mirza Mohammad Fakher is commonly known as Makin-e- Dehlavi, who is formous poets if India is of Iranian descent.Poems ten thousand verses, and shows that he is committed to the way Indian style poets. He has the least dependence on Iranian Persian poets in their own way has continued to show an inde perdent poem in Persian poetry in India.The main question of paper is to show that various Indian poets and their poems of Persian poets of the techniques which have been used?Our survey shows that Makin-e-Dehlavi poets such as selecting specific rows in his poems have brought up this difference and diversity.

Different poetic forms are appreciated differently within various eras. A form or forms were dominant regarding political condition, the perspective of the governor, social condition, spiritual statues of people etc. As the epic and Form of Masnavi, Eulogy and Ballad were more appreciated comparing to the others in the Era of Khorasani Style, while Sonnet were more interested in the Era of Araqi Style.The Eulogy poem was not allocated too much of attention due to their religious perspective in the era of Safavid leading to less fame of Ballad form, which is the form of Eulogy. However, some poems recruited Ballad form in line to religious perspective of the Safavid and tried to survive it.Zahed Tabrizi, the hardworking poet and writer of the Safavid Era enjoys some ballades, which indicates his endeavor using literary techniques and elements of fiction on subject of ballad trying to appreciate forgotten ballad form.The objective of the this study is assessing the elements of fiction and high frequency of literary techniques, which are regarded by Zahed Tabrizi using the three manuscripts of Zahed Tabrizi’s Divan.

The rhetorical industry is widely used in the Sanaee sonnets, be "Address". In this article we have discussed the two dimensions: the structure and content. To provide accurate statistics on the frequency of repetition of the craft, review of address grammatical structure and how to get them the horizontal axis (distich) and the vertical axis (sonnet) concerns to structural. Analysis of the types address based on the ends (aims) of the poet, rhetorical and aesthetic functions address, As well as its relationship with the rhetorical elements "apostrophe", " repetition" and imagination and Sanaee recognizing-addressee, check the content of the craft. We've mentioned in the introduction to the tow subject of research previously address in the sonnets have done - Khajeh Emad Kermani and Saadee - and have expressed differences between our work with them. Our methods the descriptive-analytic in this paper, to the first, address that has been used in sonnets and their type have been determined, and then have examined their position and roles from the structural and semantic perspective. The use of this craft for the Sanaee realization of poetry and thought system in the lyrical genre is the purpose of this study.

Parvin Etesami one of the greatest poets and the most prominent female poet of Persian literature in the area that could admirable determination and perseverance in spite of criticism and charges Zmanە and its name in the history of contemporary Iranian poetry and Qsaydsh Msnvyha makes permanent. Although the required time, which is reflected in verse Parvin, gender and humanity, not unlike Forough poetry as he does not show the feminine gender But many of the poems Parvin has a feminine concepts and themes that they can evaluate and recognize the truth somehow prove his poetry, as many critics have tried to deny the truth poet Parvin or are tainted, some poet's poems Parvin but not only do women have not and poems to those of Rvnqkrmany, Atsamalmlk, father Parvin, vital and attributed Dehkhoda In this paper, a detailed study and analysis of the poems in the poetry of the poet Parvin show the feminine spirit, especially in Msnvyhaysh filled and Parvin in fact have the ability to be able to reflect the spirit of the female in the poem. Parvin Etesami, women concept with poetic elegance and techniques used in poems and terms related to women, such as terminology sewing, cooking, weaving, jewelry, women's clothing And in the formation of the poet's imagination, special effect, and in comparison with other poets, poetry and creativity in the field of Persian literature reveals that his great idea.

Technical qasida is among the most artistic forms of qasida in Persian and is replete with literary devices. These qasidas manifest the poetic craft of the poets and represent a long-lasting repertoire of literary devices. Technical qasidas have contributed to the development of literary devices and have encouraged competition among, and thereby preservation and development of, literary devices. The predecessors and followers of these literary devices have played a pivotal role in the creation of this linguistic and poetic art. A glance at books on literary devices reveals that most forms of poetry have their roots in this type of qasida. However, their development over time has been the focus of few studies. The present study thus attempts to examine the works of two rhetoricians, Salmān Sāvojī and Hāfiz Alī ibn Nūr, it focuses on two of their qasidas which are rich in literary devices and analyze them qualitatively and quantitatively.

The story of "shah Rukh and Golruk" lyrical stories of the twelfth century AD, including Khyalangyzy stories in which the hero with supernatural forces of world domination is natural. This story is unparagraphed prose between the Safavie eras. As the abundance of words, the use of compounds in Arabic, the verb attribute Azvjh, compositing, Atnabhay successive ensure the use Of the deeds and words of special meaning and use of words in Turkish and Mongolian features is its lightness.Story writer intellectual approach based on three lyrical, epic and education. As the writer to advance their story forms and epic scenes, festive and combat applies in Ghana. Then, using the results of a religious approach to education focuses on the ethical issues. This article results of research remained the only version * of the story, "Shah Rukh She 'that it analyzed the stylistic features.

Since old time, when human being got familiar with his existence and needs tried to meet his needs and gained knowledge on his surrounding and recognized the concepts of plant, flower and tree. According to the Islamic interpretations, Adam and Eve were driven from the heaven after temptation of the Satan and disobedience of the God and eating the wheat grain or apple. This is outstanding example of the relationship between the man and plant and then awareness on their nakedness and taking refuge in the first covering, the leaves of fig tree as mentioned in the authentic narratives. Perhaps, the man takes step toward gradual knowledge by throwing away from ignorance heaven and in this quest, he gets familiar with the plants and animals in depth. The plants and flowers grow from the soil and return to it and likely, this identification has led him to offer the plants the specific power and recognize them influential in his life and because of these characteristics and strange properties knows them deserving to holiness. In this article, “pomegranate” is investigated from the perspective of myths and folk beliefs in order to explain its reflection in Iran customs and culture and then its place and application in the Persian literature. As it has been explained in detail in this article, pomegranate has a specific place in Persian literature and it is symbol of affluence, abundance and eternality in different cultures and perhaps, this is one of the reasons for holiness of the pomegranate, since eternality is the oldest wishes of mankind.

Influence and impression of the languages that have the same root and background, and based on linguistic theory they are in the same group is an obvious and unavoidable fact. Persian and Baloochi as two groups of Iranian modern languages that have the same source and background, are not exception of this law.so Persian at the place of one of the most important cultural languages of the world and the formal, literature and cultural of Iranian tribes has a deep impression on their languages. And so Baloochi as one of the Iranian modern languages has often been in danger of influence of Persian literature and language. generally in Iran Baloch has been a talking language and has been transferred from one extraction to another orally.in this writing we have tried to show a part of communion between Persian proverbs and some of the baloochi proverbs as a symbol of the culture and literature of this language through comparative test .the criterion for selection of the proverbs of these two languages has been structuring communion in language, theme or message.

This article, in interdisciplinary approach, is investigated the term of “Sazeh” and reasons of its meaning changes in Iranian contemporary architecture. The word of “Sazeh” is one of that terms which were used in Persian language since ancient times, but now its meaning, has changed. In fact the old meaning of its term that used to concept of “sweep” is obsolete for several centuries. At the beginning of this century, again the term of “Sazeh” was considered, and first academy of Persian language revived it by equalizing in the concept of “structure”. This equalizing happened when was intensified the entry of modernity to Iranian culture, and academy wanted, by this choice, to be spread a native technical term before prevalence a foreign term. Anyway now the term of “Sazeh” has Acceptability in contemporary Persian language, and it accepted in mean of structure in all engineering dialogues. This article has been work by qualitative Research, and has two main Questions: A) what is reason of ambiguity about mean of “Sazeh” in Persian literary studies? B) The term of “Sazeh”, how obtain the current meaning in Iranian contemporary engineering?