Political International Researches
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:39 |Papers Count:7

Soft power is one of the most important and effective factors in foreign policy of countries. This article attempts to examine the impact of Donald Tramp's policies on American soft power. In this regard, the main question of the paper is that the domestic and foreign policies of Trump which have had effects on the soft power of the United States? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the article is that announcements and acts policies of Trump, in particular with the emphasis on the "First America", has led to the decline of American soft power. . Findings of the research, based on existing evidence and evidence, suggest that an economically oriented approach focused on cost-benefit logic, the adoption of intrinsic policies and renewal or the withdrawal of regional and international treaties has led to US soft power resources, including foreign policy And political values. The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive and is used for analyzing soft power theory and the data collection tool has been based on library and internet resources.

This article tries to study the impact of international sanctions on the orientation of the East in foreign policy of our country, from the perspective of international political economy. In the same vein, the main question of the article is that "international sanctions during the period of 1989-2013, how has caused the eastward orientation in the economic and political relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The hypothesis is That "the subsequent international sanctions against the country in five different areas during the period of 1989-2013, by intensifying the barriers of relations with the West, has urged the elite to decide on foreign relations in the country to strengthen political and economic relations with the East. " This hypothesis has been tested in the framework of the Neoclassic Realism. The results of the article indicate that the east ward orientation in our country's political and economic relations is less than a coherent and voluntary strategy from within and more than a response to the intensification of international sanctions against our country.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the transformation of the power structure from bipolar to monopolitic, the regions became more important as sub-systems; Accordingly, the United States has sought to redistribute power in the regionsthe main question is what are the variables of the continuity of strategic relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia? It is hypothesized that the continuity of the relationship variables can be summarized in: "continuity of relationships based on shared interests and threats, " "the scope and nature of military relations, " and "economic interdependence". Accordingly, the study attempts to investigate issue based on the causal research and multivariate correlation, and the basis of documentary data, . Finally, the common interests and threats, the type of communication and the movement from economy to security and asymmetric reciprocity, have provided the context for the strategic link between Saudi Arabia and the United States, which underscores the continuation of the strategic relationship between the two countries. Iran is a common threat between the two countries of the Islamic Republic. Since the ability to confront and at least the Saudi Arabia's supremacy on the Islamic Republic is difficult, unilateral deterrence is a strategy adopted by the United States.

Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential election in the shadow of domestic and foreign slogans and deconstruction led many tentat government officials to discard foreign policy as a radical break with the discourse governing the foreign policy of its predecessors and the end Hegemony of the world order of liberalism. In order to study and analyze the above claim, the present study examines and analyzes Donald Trump's foreign policy. In this regard, the present research seeks to answer the fundamental question that Tramp's approach to the liberal world order How is foreign policy? In response to the above question, this hypothesis is argued that the foreign policy of Tramp with its predecessors is not material and intrinsic. Therefore, like other US presidents, who, from the Second World War, sought to maintain and strengthen the hegemony of liberal order, the following political strategy-First American security is not only seeking to undermine this order but also to create a new international liberal order with new ways, including breaking the current commitments of the United States by replacing new obligations. Given that research This is a qualitative research. Therefore, its research methodology is descriptive-analytic.

Africa with many abundant political and economic capacities, has succeeded to attract the attentions of Chinese elites who placed their policy priorities on promotion of economic power as the centerpiece of their national power. The political, security and economic importance of Africa especially the concern for development of extremist violent activities and existence of threats including: Piracy, Human trafficking, . . provided the ground for the US to adopt a new strategy towards the continent. The purpose of this article is to examine the activities of China and areas of competition with the US in Africa. The main question: How has China's economic presence on the continent of Africa influenced the interests, goals and areas of American activities in the continent? and the research hypothesis is: China's expansion in Africa during the new century, along with the priority of non-military strategies on both sides on the continent, have caused the US and China's two-way vulnerability and susceptibility toward each other policies in Africa which drives Washington and Beijing towards cooperation and avoidance of any destructive competition. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method.

Since the fall of Qaddafi, no government has ever able to establish a unified sovereignty in Libya. So today, Libya has two independent states: the National Unity Government which is being supported by the United Nations and the interim government formed by the parliament of Tobruk, a supporter of the general, Khalifa Haftar in al-Bayda. In the post-Gaddafi era, it was hoped that the new government could lead Libya toward democracy, but, due to the division of sovereignty and political conflict between the seekers of power, a crisis of authority and insecurities caused by violent tribal activists and Salafists led the post-authoritarian state turned out to be regarded as a failed state. With the intensification of conflicts between various political groups, including Haftar and the National Unity Government in Tripoli, the possibility of state-building in this country has been confused. The main question is that "How does the government's crisis in Libya's new political conditions affect the security of European countries? " The hypothesis of the article is that "the expansion of civil war and chaos during post-Gaddafi era has led Libya, as a failed state, to be a base for the migration of terrorist groups and human trafficking into Europe".