Social Problems of Iran
Year:2013 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 (NEW SERIES OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LITERATURE AND HUMANITIES)|Papers Count:8

Identity and collective memory is one of the fascinating subjects in modem sociology. In Iran, it arose again as modem and government-nation discourse emerged, and has been endlessly discussed since then. Such subjects have assumed an increasing importance due to the multi-cultural and multi-ethical context of Iranian society and recent global developments. Accordingly, the present study has been undertaken to examine the relationship between historical memory, ethnic identity and globalization in Kurdistan, Iran. Based on the results obtained from the research literature and existing sources, a theoretical framework was established within which the main hypotheses were formed. For collecting data, the research used various methods including documentary and survey methods. A questionnaire distributed among a population of 455 individuals aged over 15 years- old in Sanandaj, Iran. The results showed that ethnic identity of old generation, historical memory of middle-aged and young generation exposed to international media is above average. Also, the findings revealed that Kurdish socialization, the feeling of ethnic discrimination, and historical memory have the highest impact on the variable of ethnic identity respectively and explain about 34% of changes in Kurdish identity.

The aim of this research is testing Institutional anomie theory for explaining illegality. For this purpose we investigate the relation of individualism, Progressivism, Universalism and Money fetishism -which are four cultural values for success- with illegality and relation between socio-economic statute in subjective and objective dimension whit Institutional anomie and illegality. Research method was survey. Questionnaire made of Institutional anomie scale, illegality and socio-economic statute scale. Statistical population was student of Shahid Chamran University that we select 400 sample from them whit stratified sampling. Result of research showed that there is a significant relationship between Institutional anomie and illegality. Also the result of regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between individualism and Money fetishism with illegality. A significant relationship wasn't seen between Universalism and Progressivism, with illegality. Also Results showed that there wasn't a significant relationship between socioeconomic statutes with illegality. A weak significant relationship was seen between objective socio-economic statutes whit Institutional anomie.

In current society of Iran encountered from one hand with secularist attitudes, and on other hand with radical feminist thoughts, identifying the attitude toward the identity of Muslim woman could be the first step to recognize and revitalize the religious identity of the Muslim woman. Therefore, this research could be the first step in recognition and revival of the identity of Muslim woman. So, in the current study, we primarily tried to identify the characteristics of a Muslim woman from the perspective of Quran and religious intellectuals especially Muslim clergy and then described and explained the attitude of the studied people toward this identity. According to the findings, the most positive attitude toward the identity has been associated with the humane, familial and socio-economic aspects respectively. The least consensus has been declared on the political aspect. Moreover, according to the crosstabs, the dependent variable had direct and significant relationships with religiousness, selfidentity, values and attitudes, sex, marital status and employment. So that the more religiousness, positive self-concept, traditional values attitudes and education exist, the more positive their attitudes toward the Muslim woman identity would be. According to the multivariable regression analyses, among the studied factors, at first religiosity and then sex, marital status, education amount and self-identity had respectively the most effect on the dependent variable.

he policies and programs of crime prevention applied in public urban spaces are trying to reduce crime rate and improve public and societal security of citizens. In the process of crime prevention a few variables or phenomena may occur which are unintended and uncoordinated and sometimes inconsistent with the expected goals of policy or program. Therefore, prevention experts when define a crime prevention program or policy emphasis on outcomes and achievements rather than on the goals. Qualitative research based on grounded theory was the methodology of this article and social experts as well as people in public urban spaces formed statistical population. The finding showed that the most important challenge of prevention programs against phenomenon of thugs is the police temporary task and the most important consequences of this program were identification, organizing and facilitating of context of crime in a more damaging scale.

This study is about the evaluation of religiosity and one of its outcomes. The study was conducted based on Fuzzy Logic and for that the concepts of religiosity and deviance were defined in a fuzzy set and membership scores were calibrated based on theoretical and substantive knowledge. In this study, the religiosity status of 35 medical students was assessed. The assessment tool was a 17-criterion test related to the 3 dimensions of religiosity i.e. Beliefs, Experimental and Rituals based on a version of Glock and Strak's multi-dimensional Religious Commitment Scale which was adapted by Islamic rules. One of the findings of this theory was that amongst the 35 assessed students religious commitment was in high level. Also strong religious commitment is usually the sufficient condition of avoiding deviance. Amongst the different dimensions of religiosity Rituals were the most important element in avoidance of deviance. Frequent performance of religious rituals is usually sufficient condition to avoid deviance and low frequency of them is more often than not necessary condition to avoid deviance, which is in accordance to the Islamic ideology.

Family is a place that can be the best situation for emotional and physical growth of the family members if there have been close and friendly relationship among them, but sometimes in this place different violence against women occurs. Because of that, we try to study spouse abuse and related factors. A survey used as the research method and the statistical population included all of married women in Tabriz with total number of 378460 women from which 384 women were selected by Cochran formula and random class sampling. The results of path analysis showed that 58 percent of changes in mental spouse abuse variable, 29 percent of changes in physical spouse abuse variable, and 33 percent of changes in economical spouse abuse variable were explained by measures such as trust between couples, friends support, women’s mother -in-law side family support and their father side family support.

Fear of crime and mental and social consequences of it among women has become a general worry in today's societies. This therefore, has caused all thinker and researchers in Iran and the other countries in different fields to find the main causes of this problem and analyzes it. Because of social attendance and importance of security provision, both subjective and objective, it is necessity to do an empirical study on fear of crime and uncivil behavior as a main indicator of the absence or weakness of social- psychological - security and threat of “women's civil and citizenship rights” in public spheres. Regarding this matter, the assessment of environmental conditions and social - cultural risk factors disorder the desirable attendance of women in public spheres. Consequently, the current article aims at study the main source of women's fear of crime and social uncivil behavior on sociological prospect, based on qualitative research findings about how fear of crime and uncivil behavior in public spheres is formed among women in Tehran. This research is performed based on a qualitative method and deep interview. Statistic population consists of women between 18-55 years old, living in Tehran that from them 40 peoples are selected as the sample of study. Research findings show that fear of crime and uncivil behavior are rooted in “social gender” and “gender socialization” process in our unique society and its historical - cultural context, that make it overcome gender identity on their human and civil identity, so that, via an identity reduction, a subjective and objective harm and anxious of attending in public spheres has been occurred.

This research is an endeavor to study social capital in advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods of Tehran and compare dimensions of social capital, objective and subjective, and its components such as social support, relationships, participation, consciousness, reciprocity and social trust in these neighborhoods. To do this, we used the theory of social capital and the literature related to the impact of neighborhood factors, especially Wilson, Harding and Tourney's views regarding the effects of disadvantage neighborhoods on individuals' social behaviors. The research population consists of individuals aged 15 to 65 years old who are inhabitants of Tehran's different neighborhoods. The neighborhoods are divided to advantaged, semi advantaged and disadvantaged based on their economic condition, women's literacy rate and emigration. Then 10 neighborhoods from each group are randomly chosen. The study data are gathered using a questionnaire and interviews with 450 inhabitants of these neighborhoods. The results of this study demonstrate that means of individual's objective and subjective social capital is different among Tehran's neighborhoods. In comparison, the size of networks and the level of social support, participation, reciprocity and social consciousness in disadvantaged neighborhoods are smaller and lower than advantaged neighborhoods. While the level of social trust in disadvantaged neighborhoods is higher than advantaged neighborhoods. Overall, the research findings are in accordance with the existing theories regarding the limitation of resources and opportunities for social capital in disadvantaged neighborhoods compared to advantaged ones.