POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY
Year:2010 | Volume:- | Issue:9|Papers Count:15

The article studies democracy, justice and peace relation. Firstly, the relation between democracy and Justice, which is regarded as Judicial aspect, and then, the connection between these two and peace, is examined. Also, the views of some great philosophers, such as Aristotle, Kelsson, Rawls and Kant are introduced in this regard. In addition, the famous liberals reasoning in connection to democracy and peace are viewed and "theory of democratic peace" as a connection are also mentioned. There are many questions which are presented in this article, such as, have democratic countries not been in war till now? Are democrats more peace lover than non-democrats? And also, what other factors except democracy have basically influeufial in maintaining European peace since the Second World War. By introducing historical examples, the author has attempted to present the exact answers to these questions.

Democracy is a concept which has been developed greatly since Pericles till now that is regarded among Western theory making circles, especially the United States as an essential and specialized function of governments.Discussions between the advocate and opposed to democracy and its defects and merits regarding to government manner has resulted in information of many books and essays. However, the concept of democracy is more complex that it seems first, because, the intention of those who have been using this concept, are different due to the necessities of time and conditions.The article attempts to view Popper's ideas about democracy and its impact on explanation of democracy concept.

The author attempts to view the Greek tragedy as a literal- dramatic genre and a kind of work which its creation prepared during particular social-political conditions in Athens 5th century B. C. Tragedy as one of the Greek dramatic genres had importance more than merely a dramatic performance. This was exactly due to the Athenian democracy which governing manner, but rather to its cultural aspect. So, the article examines the Athenian democracy as a cultural phenomenon which differs from democracy as a form of government.

The article seeks to criticize some parts of political philosophy tradition of contemporary philosophers from different view point. The point which is emphasized in this connection is that the attitude of philosophy and political philosophy is towards something which could be interpreted as pleasureable action. The long historical root of such an action goes back to the ancient Greece Era and the pro- Socratic philosophers. To our belief, the boundary mixture of philosophy and literature and presenting Greek philosophical discourse in form of rhetoric which was disrupted by Socrates and Plato, was renewal once again by Nietzsche through his emphasis on language and Dionysusian spirit. This renewal prepared a radical base for criticizing subjectivism and philosophical Knowledge. It is supposed that philosophy as a pleasurable action by approaching to the rhetoric and literal- artistic discourse has cut its connection from original commitment to the matter of Truth Finding.This is ture regarding political philosophy and some of the contemporary philosophers. Here, we follow Nietzsche’s influence on such a shift and also pay attention to those important contemporaries like Freud, Barth, Deleuze and Lacan’s views on Libidozation of political philosophy and, as a result, to deny political critic of liberation attempt.

It is long time since the conceptual and practical development in the ground of wealth and power producing in International political economy. The first sparkles of such a development were seen during changing attitude from Feudalism to Mercantilism. As a result, the slogan that wealth comes out from trade became a paradigm regarding to strengthen the bases of political power. This process advanced by Adam Smith’s thought and the consequences of Industrial Revolution, so that Smith called everyone that wealth comes out from production activity. However, the view that wealth and power come out from trade and production, may at first looks dual, but they have always had near connection in the framework of political economy. Today, science and technology advancement have provided suitable context for producing power and wealth. So, the article pays attention to this concept by examining the subject of copy right and its connection to North- South relations.

The article attempts to show the language position in Wittgenstein’s philosophy. One of the basic subjects of political philosophy is power concept. The concept has found a philosophical dimension in recent times. The author explains that, in order to understand the concept of power, one should study the most important component of philosophical thinking which language is.Regarding analytical philosophy which Wittgenstein is its distinct exponent, language is counted as fundamental subject of philosophy. So, one of the important factors in forming a new outlook toward power concept is the change of philosophical attitude in recent times.Finally, the author tries by following such developments to study the language position and language shift in Wittgenstein’s philosophy.

Globalization means condensation of the world and increasing awareness about world wholeness. This process has challenged, the states in a new and different way, especially those that have already been encountered by number of problems regarding their peoples.Globalization has increased national, ethnic and civil consciousness and as a result, has confronted peoples with government due to achieve their civil rights. This is also the case, especially in the Middle East region, where the most of governments still attempting to maintain Westphalia model of Nation-State. The article examines Globalization and The Middle East problems by looking at Globalization process.

Today, behavior study in foreign policy is regarded basic in analysis of states foreign relations problems.In fact, in behavior study discussion, instead of relying on actor’s discourse and writing, the emphasis is put on behavior language. In this situation, discourse and writing accent is also regarded as actor’s behavior. So, behavior study is known to correspond to actor’s interests. The event of September, 11, 2001, is regarded as a departure point in American developments on international level after the end of Cold War. The deep consequences of this event, inside and outside of the United States, have influenced all political actors in different ways and have faced up academic, research and policy making centers all over the world with new foreign policy functions. The Islamic Republic of Iran has been impressed by the affects of this event due to her neighbouring with Iraq and Afghanistan as the center of the United States widespread military actions. The article attempts to study I.R.I. foreign policy in constructionism theoretical framework, according to developments and changing conditions after September, 11, 2001 event.

Many experts believe that Israel is the only country in the Middle East which has nuclear arms. However, Israel has followed an ambiguous policy in regard to her nuclear plan. Israel State, during years and several times has notified that she would not be considered as the first country having nuclear arms in the Middle East. Israel nuclear doctrine has been formed due to the lack of her strategic depth and is based upon pre- emptive war. According to this fact, Israel has also used diplomatic, psychological and secret military actions in order to prevent Middle East countries to achieve nuclear capability. Pre- emptive air attacks against Iraq and Syria and also diplomatic and psychological attempts against Iran to stop her nuclear plan could be mentioned as examples. Whereas the nuclear monopoly in the Middle East is the most important Israel goals, the article aims to view Israel policy and also examines the methods which are applied by this country to maintain her nuclear monopoly.

The article studies the epistemological aspects of two contemporary thinkers their thoughts could be regarded as different approaches towards knowledge and cognition. Here by, the human role as a main core of both two approaches is emphasized. Naasr, influenced by his Gnostic interpretation of religion comes to the unity of knowledge and reaches to the essence of religious truth. But, Shabestari's tendency is toward a modern interpretation of religious tradition and accordingly criticizes the established religion by attempting to introduce an interpretation which is suitable to solve present human problems. The article aims to compare from a different view the universal and local aspects of both ideas relating to the religious development in contemporacy Iran.

One of the important problems in recent years is the problem of globalization. This phenomenon has condensed time and space and influenced different political, economic, social and cultural areas in the world. But the economic dimension of globalization is more important than other dimensions and as a result needs to be managed. China, as one of the developing countries with the suitable rate of growth has been moving in globalization direction since 1990 and is managing it. The success of China regarding economic globalization has influenced growing development process to achieve national interests in this country and has made possible for her to manage globalization by economic means successfully. This fact has made China to go through many changes in her economic development such as: to reform internal laws in order to accommodate with globalization, reduction of poverty and inequality, increasing rate of GNP; importing foreign investments; membership of WTO; to increase foreign trade and balance of payments; multiply the quantity of economic and the same. Despite China’s problems and difficulties resulting from such a policy, however, her experience is regarded as a successful example and could be useful for the third world countries, especially in economic dimension.