POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY
Year:2014 | Volume:9 | Issue:25|Papers Count:6

One of the townships of Tehran Province is Karaj Township which has seven towns, one of which being the City of Karaj. Karaj City has a very fast population growth. The population of Karaj City was 14526 persons in 1956 which was increased to 1386030 persons in 2006. Due to fast population growth, Karaj City has many slums among which are slum of fourth road of Hesar. Up to 1976, there was no slum in this area, but after that slum was established, increased in area and became a social problem that can be discussed in social pathology. For studying slum residency in this area, field research, documentary-historical research and descriptive statistics were used. Statistics show that: From the total population of 5384, %53 are men and %47 are women; the number of houses are 1419; sex ratio is 111; and the mean family member is 3.7. Before coming to this place, people were not covered by educational and medical services and did not have enough income and achievement to labor market. After coming to this place, they enjoyed all of the mentioned factors. It was found that slum was established because of inequal distribution of wealth and welfare in the geographic region. As a matter of fact, because of pull factors and push factors, the migration to this area happened very fast and became a social difficulty.

In the period after World War II, different countries have tried to achieve the modernization and development and minimize the problems and limitations of their community. In this category, many countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, each according to their needs and according to the realization of modernization and development, relying on different strategies attempts to modernize and to develop national action, which of course in between, the East Asian countries, particularly “Asian Tigers”: South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong has achieved remarkable success. They quickly reduced their distance from developed countries and until 1990s changed to major economic hub in East Asia. The present study aims to investigate the role of the state; the causes, and quality and quantity of economic development of Hong Kong as one of these countries.

This paper by analyzing the most important issues and international events affecting on relations between Iran and Europe Union, investigates this relations with special look on Iran’s national interests. So the main question is, what impact important international developments affecting on relations between Iran and Europe have on Iran’s national interests? A temporary answer is that developments like the September eleventh incident and Iran's nuclear case lead to a sharp reduction in the relations between two actors has a negative impact on Iran's national interests and in long-term will enhance national security costs for Iran. In this regard, the authors based their theoretical framework on perspective of Neorealism and Neoclassical Realism that in its framework will study the main question. Also, by considering a systemic look at the relationship between Iran and Europe Union; one of the purposes of present study is dividing the various courses of this relation in the field of international system. Surveying the relation between Iran and Europe Union requires two kinds of perspectives, Descriptive and analytic, it is tried to have a combination of both perspectives in this paper.

During the later years of the Islamic Revolution, Iran has always been international sanctions. Economic areas are more affected. Despite this indirectly have an impact on the foreign policy of the Fifth Development Plan and Despite the sanctions are having some positive outcomes, by creating problems for solutions of this plan, Is prevented the realization of effective and constructive interaction in International Relations, as an the goal of the country is twenty-year outlook.

History of US-Iranian relations since the Islamic Revolution, or, as Bill James, "The Tragedy of American-Iranian relations" after the revolution, various events, sometimes strange and often appears to be stress filled. Now, after 30 years, America's relationship with Iran is still a great challenge and the challenge is associated with many ups and downs. Undoubtedly, the political relations between Iran and the United States during the period mentioned in the history of one of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations the most stressful appropriate type for the world to use these studies and the range between the fronts of the researchers. In this article we are trying to look at the concept of "being negative" and "positive approach" towards Iran's US security dialogue to understand. In this paper, after asking this harm the security of the United States towards the Islamic Republic of Iran, under the influence of negative and positive Two experienced the toward the changes? The hypothesis tested is that, in the face of the US security dialogue free from any outside control variables In terms of positive and negative discourse oriented toward the negative discourse-oriented cloud domination with hints of positive discourse oriented retail varied. In order to answer the main research questions, our purpose is first necessary to know the "cloud of negative discourse" and "positive discourse oriented retail" turn our And then, the answer is that we, the United States towards Iran’s foreign and security policy and In what order to invoke the concept of negative and positive integration approach are described and explained?

Development is multidimensional which includes the development of political, economic, social and cultural development, each influencing the other. The most striking feature of the Persian Gulf Arab states is the similarity in their politico-historical destiny. Their common fate largely has been influenced by the role of colonialism, religion, traditions, and culture. All these, has affected the political structures of Arab countries in the Persian Gulf. The poor conditions of the third world countries like the Arab states of Persian Gulf has led the theorists to provide some theories for improving the situation of underdeveloped countries. Some of these theories are as development, growth, modernization, globalization and interdependence. Underdeveloped countries of the Persian Gulf region with patrimonial political system can have great progress in various fields such as cultural, social, economic, and politics if they follow the above theories. Since development not only include the improvement of economic, social, cultural, but also it covers the civil and political rights. Since the totalitarian systems of the Persian Gulf states do not want to relinquish their power and domination, so they are opposed to development. In a society where there is no political freedom and civil rights, development will not take place. The development like any other phenomenon has in itself a challenge and an opportunity. Persian Gulf countries with detailed understanding of this phenomenon could benefit from its opportunities. Development requires changes in political, economic and cultural field simultaneously. Developing solutions in these countries are through the acquisition of new science, grafting of traditional values and modern values and criticising the authoritarian rulers.