Jorjani Biomedicine Journal
Year:2019 | Volume:7 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Nano science and nanotechnology have revolutionized all aspects in the endodontic field. The aim of the present study was to describe the application of nanotechnology in endodontics by reviewing the literature. Application of nanomaterials, with a smaller size, for surface modification has reduced the incidence of failure in the rotary nickeltitanium files. Nanoparticles with the ability of rapid dispersion into the hard-to-reach spaces in the complex root canal system have a better antimicrobial effect. The incorporation of nanoparticles in the obturating materials promotes the sealing properties and antimicrobial efficacy. Nanoscaffolds in the pulp regeneration approaches, bioceramics as retrofilling, and repair materials, and Nanorobots and nanoterminators as new technologies for local anesthesia with fewer side effects are some examples in this regard.

Background and objectives: Disorders of sex development (DSD) are a medical condition that affects the normal process of sexual development. Various of the genes needed for gonad development have been identified by investigation of patients with disorders sex development (DSD). Phenotypes of patients with 46, XY DSD range from agonadism in female phenotype with complete external genitalia to male phenotype with testicular regression. Individuals with 46, XYagonadiam show a wide range of clinical features and in some cases, there is not a clear diagnosis for these patients. We presented the clinical and molecular study a patient with 46, XY female without gonadal tissue. Case presentation: A 27-year-old female was attended to our center because of primary amenorrhea. Ultrasonography did not show gonadal tissue including Mullerian structures, uterus, and Wolffian structures. Also, the patient had not streak gonad. We performed cytogenetic study and molecular analysis, including automated sequencing of the entire coding region of SRY gene, in the patient with agonadism. Our result showed 46, XY karyotype. Also, we noticed that molecular mutations in SRY are not identified as a cause of DSD female without a gonadal tissue. Laboratory examination showed that this case is a unique patient with 46, XYfemale agonadism that has no association with previously described. Conclusion: The present case was a patient with 46, XYagonadism without hormonal or kidney defect and we did not detect mutation in SRY gene. To our knowledge, this case is a unique patient with 46, XYagonadism that has no association with previously described. So this case would be helpful for clinicians to assess 46, XY female patients without gonadal tissue.

Background and objectives: The association of oral micro-organisms with infectious diseases such as bacterial endocarditis is a concern in dentistry. Bacterial endocarditis is a serious disease with a mortality rate of 40%. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using chlorhexidine mouthwash on concentrations of some groups of bacteria in gingival sulcus, which is the main contact point of oral flora with circulating blood during scaling. Methods: In this Randomized controlled clinical trial, participants were selected among referrals to the department of gingival diseases of Yazd dental school. Participants underwent determining plaque index and after scaling, sampling of the buccal and lingual gingival groove of mandibular central and lateral teeth was performed by paper with walking movement. Results: participants were 53 patients who divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 27 patients (15 women and 12 men) ranging in age from 21 to 54 years mean of 35) who used 50 mL chlorhexidine mouthwash and Group B consisted of 26 patients (13 females and 13 males) ranging in age from 19 to 51 years old with a mean of 35. 76 who used 50 mL normal saline before scaling. Study groups were not significantly different in terms of age, sex and plaque index. (P-values= 0. 755, 0. 348 and 0. 708). Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon test compared the counted values of Streptococcus viridance and Staphylococcus aureus in control group was significantly higher than the study group. (P-value = 0. 000). Conclusion: according to the results of our study chlorhexidine mouthwash prior to scaling teeth significantly reduced Streptococcus viridance and Staphylococcus aureus colony counts and could be recommended as a complementary agent for antibiotic prophylaxis in high risk patients prone to endocarditis, or as the only agent in moderate risk cardiac patients that antibiotic prophylaxis does not been used.

Background and objectives: Given its progressive nature in all life aspects, drug abuse threatens the health of individuals, families, and society and causes some economic, political and human damages to each society. In this regard, family is the first variable exposed to such a threat. Accordingly, the present study was to review the problems facing families of substance abusers. Methods: In this study, the Scopus, Medline, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were surfed using keywords such as problems, substance abuse, addiction, family during 2000 to 2017. Finally, 30 full-text articles were selected. Results: Studies have revealed that drug-related disorders affect the family system and members and bring family members different problems, including psychosocial, economic, physical, family and educational problems. These studies reported the psychological problems of family members as the most frequent one. Conclusion: The present study indicated that family members with substance abusers face different problems in different aspects of their life; therefore, the need to expand prevention and treatment programs for such persons seems to be urgent.

Background and objectives: Breast carcinoma is one of the most common malignant diseases among women worldwide. In Iraq there are noticeable elevation in incidence rates and prevalence of advanced stages of breast cancer. Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is essential micronutrient involved in one carbon metabolism and DNA methylation, which affects cancer. All of these may be change in breast cancer. The present work was designed to estimate and compare serum vitamin B12 among female breast cancer patients (60 ones) and healthy control subjects (60 ones) in Sulaimania city. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted on sixty cases of newly diagnosed women with breast cancer, the control group include sixty healthy women. Serum vitamin B12 levels were estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys) method. Data was analyzed using the software SPSS (Ver. 22) including frequency and percentage for categorical variables. Pearson chi-square test was used for analysis of all categorical variables. Results: In this study we found that serum vitamin B12 levels were significantly (p=0. 01) lower in breast cancer patients as compared to healthy control subject. There was no association between serum vitamin B12 levels with estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptor. Conclusion: Given the results, it can be concluded that serum vitamin B12 is consistently lower among breast cancer patients. There was no association between serum vitamin B12 levels and hormones receptors status, indicating clinical implications for the interpretation of serum vitamin B12 levels. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration by physicians and cancer specialists.

Background and objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a progressive resistance-training program beside an energy deficit diet on body Composition, insulin resistance and plasma adiponectin levels in overweight adult men. Methods: Twenty-five overweight men (age =32. 1 ± 4. 3 years, BMI =28. 9 ± 1. 3 kg. m-2) were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: resistance training+ diet (RD, n =15); and diet only (DO, n =12). Both groups undertook a 12-week weight loss program using a moderate isocaloric energy deficit. Results: After 12 weeks intervention, there was equivalent significant weight loss for both groups (p <0. 01). Total and abdominal fat mass, fasting insulin concentration and HOMA-IR score were decreased in both groups (p <0. 01). All previously mentioned variables except fasting insulin levels were more significantly reduced in RD compared to DO group. There was a significant decrease in lean body tissue only in DO (p <0. 01) group. We did not find any significant changes in plasma adiponectin concentration of the experimental groups. Reduction in insulin resistance had a significant positive correlation with abdominal and total fat loss (p < 0. 05) and a negative correlation with lean mass loss (p < 0. 05). Conclusion: Adding a progressive resistance-training program to an energy deficit diet, without any change on magnitude of weight loss could prevent the loss of lean body mass and improve the reduction of total and abdominal fat mass and insulin resistance. Moreover, the change in body composition and insulin resistance was accompanied with no significant change in plasma adiponectin.

Background and objectives: Dental technicians are in indirect contact with patients. Microorganisms find their way to dental labs through dental impressions. Infection control is a critical procedure to prevent the spreading of diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of infection control knowledge and practice and the factors affecting them, in DLs in Yazd – Iran. Methods: All dental labs in Yazd – Iran were visited and all working technicians were asked to fill questionnaires including knowledge and practice questions. Data was analyzed using t-test via SPSS 17. Results: Out of 26 filled questionnaires 73% and 50% of the technicians had respectively poor awareness and practice. Regarding adherence to infection control procedures, technicians with higher work experience had significantly higher scores (p value = 0. 015). Technicians educated in the field of dental technologies had significantly higher awareness and practice scores (p value= 0. 015, 0. 029). Conclusion: Technicians who have been trained at dental schools have higher knowledge and practice regarding infection control. Since dental labs are not obligated to hire only these technicians, workers without related education are occupied in dental labs. This result in the unfortunate status of infection control in dental labs. The poor status of infection control in dental labs can contribute to spread infections to patients and the related healthcare team.

Background and objectives: Varicocele has a relatively high prevalence in men and is a major cause of infertility in men. The disease has been discussed extensively in Persian medicine textbooks. Considering the importance of infertility and its impact on mental health and quality of life, we aimed to review the Persian medicine (Iranian Traditional Medicine) literature on the underlying causes, the process and treatment of varicocele. Methods: This descriptive review was carried out using 13 most authoritative sources of Persian medicine with the help of the Noor software. The search was conducted using the following keywords in their Persian medicine equivalents: "varicose", "testicles", "gonads" and "scrotum". Results: Varicocele was defined as tortuous dilation of testicular veins and their surroundings. Because of the coldness and the weaker nature of the left testicle, varicocele is more prevalent on this side. This could be related to the reduced purification of materials due to the path of left testicular arteries. For the treatment of this disease, the Persian medicine recommends a set of measures including dietary modifications, some oral and topical medications, and even phlebotomy. Conclusion: Studying the Persian medicine literature and utilizing the recommended therapies (after updating and confirming their efficacy in evidence-based research) can provide cost-effective, safer and simpler therapeutic approaches that can be complementary to the current therapies.