CROP PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

In Khuzestan province, the conditions of alternative cropping in some case have a negative effect on yield after summer cropping, because of canola delay planting. But according to agronomic necessary, we are able to make a suitable managing by considering growth curve. Thus, experiment on the basis of split plot arrangement in randomized complete block performance in Khuzestan agriculture research center in 2005-2006 agronomic years. Design was used, with 4 planting date (Nov, 6 and 21, Dec, 6, 21) as the main plot and 4 genotypes (Hyola 401, Pp401/15E, RGS 003, Option 500) as the subplots. Because of being synchronous of main stage of development with final heart season in Late planting, cause that first planting date made a better yield and growth parameters compare with other planting date. Hyola 401 Hybrid is made the highest yield and yield component to other genotypes, because of leaf Area Index (LAI), Total Dry Matter (TDM), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Net assimilation Rate (NAR) and Relative Growth Rate (RGR) is better than all genotypes. Finally according the result of this research recommended to planting Hyola 401 Hybrid in 6 Nov as suitable planting date.

Average of the high temperature, periods of drought, salinity problems and lack of irrigation drainage network in the field in Khuzestan province, irrigation regime necessary actions according to nutrient absorption process is essential. This research based on test plots was split in a randomized complete block design (treatments Home: different amounts of irrigation and sub-plots: phases of plant growth) with four replications Islamic Azad University research farm was the city of Ahwaz. Effect of irrigation, growth phase and interaction of the two percent level of 1% of the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium deep roots in the soil significantly different, but their effect on root percent sodium accumulation was significant. Transfer process elements nitrogen and potassium levels of water stress on shoot toward the root tip and increased stress due to process high mobility of these two elements in plant roots increased, and unlike elements, nitrogen and potassium to accumulate in the highest range 20--0 cm was the highest accumulation of phosphorus element in the depth of 60-40 cm of root was found with severe water stress applied, the element phosphorus accumulation in depth significant reduction did, the highest percentage of sodium accumulation in the root tip and the applied stress water, sodium transport in roots upwards was very limited. Drought reduced the biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, seed weight and number of ear rows was difference between irrigation treatments turn 0I and 1I 6 times and yield different irrigation treatments in both 5/1 ton ha Although 0I groom as the best conditions with water 22 times during the season can be represented in the assembly yield acceptable 1I with 8/12 tons per hectare, less than one plot in 1502 liters of water that the water shortage and drought must be considered.

To evaluate the effects of micro nutrients elements of growth and yield of barley cultivars in experiment 87-86 Research Station Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Ramin in a split plot randomized complete block design with four replications was performed. Main plots of four cultivars of barley (Karoon, South, 13th overall and Izeh) and minor plot elements of micro nutrients (iron, zinc, copper and combination of iron, zinc and copper) and were in control. The results showed that barley cultivars of vegetative traits such as tiller number per plant and plant height index Sthbrg were different. Among the cultivars, number 13 overall of these traits was superior. The highest number of digits South (307 number) and 13th overall (298 number) and the highest seed number per spike and grain weight, respectively number 13 overall (9 / 25) and (2 / 44 g) was obtained. The highest spike, seed number and seed weight with iron and zinc micronutrient fertilizer, respectively. Interaction of fertilizer with micro nutrients figure, the highest grain yield (3465 kg ha) with number 13 on the national consumption and the lowest grain yield (2100 kg ha) with the number of Karoon and control was obtained. Figure south of the yield trend was relatively Mshabhay. It seems to Tvrkly the environmental elements of Khuzestan and micronutrient deficiency in soils in this region, consumption of micronutrient elements to improve grain product is effective for the province.

Deciding over the suitable value and irrigation scheduling of corn (hybrid SC.704) in summer by utilization of class A evaporation pan is the focal point of this research. Accordingly, a project was conducted in the form of stadistical perfect accidendal block in four repetions and four treatments in 1383 on Ahvaz Azad university research land situated in Choneibeh. The irrigation treatment had four levels of T1, T2, T3 and T4 in class A evaporation pan contains of four levels 50, 75, 100 and 150 mm carried out in split plot. The suitable irrigation period according to the best reseach from the point performance and its components was chosen and the total amount of water in the taking period defines the depth of irrigation. The soil texture is clay lomy silty and the internal soil is silty clay. According to the amount of the accumulated evaporation from class A evaporation pan and taking the plant coefficient (Kc) into consideration, the amount of evapotrans piration the needed was calculated and the amount of needed water for plot was measured by water counter. Then a comparison between the means by making use of Donken multi domains test was done and in this way the prior treatment was selected. Accordingly the most suitable time for irrigation of summer corn in Ahvaz was after 50 mm of accumulated evaporation from class A evaporation pan which equals ten irrigation in the growing period. So in order to acquire 12 tons of seed yield in each hectar, at least 9600 m^3 of water for every hectar is needed. However, with the equal amount of water, with 3 times decreace in irrigation in treatment T2 in comparison with T1, a performance near to 11 tons and with five times decreace in irrigation and ten tons in treatment T3 can be attainable.

The adverse effects of agricultural pesticide in 1962 published the book " Silent Spring" ) Rachel Carson (in the U.S. was seriously considered " the first environmental revolution." Scientists believe Darndk· h among all human activities, it is agriculture effects of highest human environment are. Controls this claim, the annual consumption of pesticides and fertilizers million tons of various destructive effects of short-and long-term human life is. Cases mentioned above, especially in countries with more intensity developing in Iran, especially in the annual statistics published by the international organizations such as FAO, usually in categories Prime degradation, erosion and pollution has been twenty years and therefore be seen implementing effective strategies to confront this crisis is necessary. this research to study the possibility of replacing atrazine Trayflvralyn to reduce pesticide use, control and change in the number Lfhay Hrzmzar CP 48-103 sugarcane varieties yield two years in the Agro-Industry Farm 85-84-83 Amir Kbyrdr design randomized block design was conducted. Trayflvralyn first year as a pre-planting " soil mixture", as Vmtrybyvzyn atrazine on soil surface before spray irrigation were used for first and second year after harvest; all treatments with atrazine in soil as a spray before the first irrigation were spraying. The results of this experiment compared with control Hrzdr Tdadlfhay especially that first year between treatments Trayflvralyn 2 and 4 kg ha atrazine during Asrshan on weed better than the other treatments. But in the second year significant differences were found between plots. The analysis of qualitative and quantitative factors in this research product was shown that in the first year of Lfkshha number of stem height, stem and single stem, and finally Brvzn stem yield level five percent has been significant. atrazine treatments yield the highest production with 14 percent control had the lowest production. But in the second year was no significant difference. Saccharose factors and purity syrup percent in both years were not significant test run therefore; these factors are under control, varieties of genetic traits. In the second experiment, the negative effects of treatments Trayflvralyn been resolved and performance in all treatments were statistically group. Therefore, if recommended intake Tymartrayflvrayn 1 / 2 kg per ha cultivated land effectively in Article Sugar cane Khuzestan can be about 140 tons of atrazine Lfksh consumption decreased. That is definitely positive environmental effects will be followed.

This study was conducted as a split-factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in 1999-2000 in Khoram-abad. Drought treatments were the plant irrigation after soil water reached 70% (without stress), 60% (medium stress), and 50% (high stress) of FC as main plots. Zn (0, 10 and 20 kg/ha) and P (0 and 150 kg/ha P2O5) were randomly distributed in sub-plots. The results showed the whole of traits were affected by drought stress. By increasing in drought stress; seed yield, biological yield, yield components, HI, LAI, plant height and RWC were decreased. Drought stress decreased seed yield from 10.1 ton/ha in without stress to 6.3 and 3.4 ton/ha in medium and high stress, respectively. Excess P stress above critical limit, had also similar effects on some characteristics but with lower severity than drought stress. No significant effects of Zn were seen. Interactions between treatments, except drought stress *phosphorous interaction, were not significant. When drought stress and excess phosphorous occurred together, they had synergist effects on some traits.

For appoint of resistance to drought stress two cultivars of autumnal Rapeseed survey of component of their function, examination in case of split plot in form of complete basis project block in three repetitions that which the irrigation was the main factor in seven levels and also the accessory factor in two levels consist of Zarfam & Opera varieties. examinant in 2005-2006 cropping season to executed in farm of Seed & Plant Improv Institute, Karaj. The results showed that the effect of variety on the seed yield, seed oil yield, seed oil percent (1%) and 1000 seed weight (5%) became meaningful and also mutual effects of irrigation and variety on attributes number of fructify in the secondary branch, the number of seed in fructify and 1000 seed weight effect meaningfully (5%). in conditions of drought stress the most Seed yield was to Zarfam variety (5133KG in hectare) in conditions of cutting irrigation in stage of tillering and flowering and the least yield to Opera variety allocated in conditions and of cutting irrigation in stage of flowering.

One of the most important factors caused to reduce agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas is water shortage during growth stage of plants. Thus in order to improve grain yield it is involved to assign a proper management method, which among them, it can be referred to the method of selecting the optimum density and proper system of irrigation. Through the arid and semi-arid region like Khuzestan province where its agriculture is critically based on water existence and irrigation, in order to optimize water usage and to maximize grain yield for per unit of water usage, it is necessary to converge all of agricultural operations.Therefore, to study effects of water shortage stress coincided during vegetative growth stages of corn and different levels of corn density on the corn grain yield, the yield components and economical water use efficiency, this research was conducted by applying method of split-plot based on randomized complete block design, with three replication in 2008 cropping season, at Shahid Salami field.In this experiment, water shortage stress due to cutting irrigation during vegetative growth stage were considered as a main factor at 4 levels that, including 1- cutting irrigation stress at 8 leaves-stage of growth, 2- cutting irrigation stress at 12 leaves-stage of growth, 3- cutting irrigation stress at teaseling stage, and 4- optimum irrigation; also corn density were considered as sub-factor in 3 levels, including 7.5, 8.5, 9.5 shrub per square meter. the obtained results indicated that effects of water shortage stress and different levels of corn density on the corn grain yield, the yield components, biological yields and economical water use efficiency significant.Stresses resulted from Cutting irrigation at teaseling stage and increasing the corn density under dominant condition of the experiment led to reduce the corn grain yield, the yield components and economical water use efficiency, compared to those in other vegetative growth stages.

In order to study effect of stress, different amounts of nitrogen and distribution methods (Tfsyt) on grain yield, dry matter and this transfer rate is photosynthesis Corn hybrid SC 704 climatic conditions in Khuzestan (Ramin) in the summer of 1383 on the farm Research University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Khuzestan was conducted, this study included three independent experiments as split-plot design was a randomized complete block basis. Each experiment was repeated Tuesday. In this experiment a level of irrigation was applied separately. Optimum irrigation, land and mild stress stress Severe stress (irrigation after leaving respectively 50, 75 and 100 percent of the plant used for soil moisture). In this experiment nitrogen as the main treatment with three levels 140, 180 and 220 kg nitrogen per hectare and nitrogen distribution method (Tqsyt) as the sub-plots with three levels (1S: 50 percent + 50 percent of the plant during the six leaves, 2 S: 25 percent + 75 percent of the plant when six leaves and 3 S: 25 percent + 50 percent of the plant when six leaves + 25 percent during the twelve leaves), respectively. Analysis of variance showed that compound Effect of water deficit stress, nitrogen and nitrogen on grain yield and Tqsyt was significant. Intensity of drought stress grain yield decreased. This decrease mainly due to reduced grain number and grain weight of maize. Nitrogen consumption increase in grain yield. Performance difference between different levels nitrogen primarily related to the positive effect of nitrogen in increasing the number of seeds per ear.. Tqsyt N 3 S with grain yield and grain number ear to significantly Tqsyt 1 S increased. With increasing water deficiency in soil nitrogen positive effect on increasing grain yield significantly decreased. Minimum and maximum transfer rate of this photosynthetic materials were favorable to the irrigation treatments were dry and mild stress. Intensity of drought stress and reduced use of nitrogen and photosynthesis rate is Tqsyt 1 S showed a significant decrease. Efficiency and share resources in the production of vegetative parts yield stress increased with increasing severity and photosynthesis efficiency and decreases the share of cholera increased share of nitrogen is increased photosynthesis.