Socio-Cultural Strategy
Year:2022 | Volume:11 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

This research to investigate the non-economic causes affecting the childbearing decisions (no children or few children) of women presenting to sports gyms of Tehran’s District 1. Because the rate of fertility is reduced nowadays the qualitative method and interview technique For this purpose are used and female sports clubs of 19 neighborhoods in District 1 of Tehran were referred to, and interviews were conducted with 43 women aged 25-45 years with the experience of marriage and were willing to attend the research, until theoretical saturation was achieved. psychological characteristics (Personal fear, personal tendencies) as well as new social and cultural characteristics were identified as main causes (main components) of unwillingness to childbearing. Reduced empathetic interests of the child caused by value changes can be regarded as a reason for the fact that couples may seek alternative leisure other than childbearing to enjoy their leisure time, as uncertainty over continued marital life can encourage them to less think of childbearing, while, at the same time, tending to more think of education and having a suitable job.

The upward growth of statistics related to divorce in Iran indicates that divorce is one of the most important issues of the country. The analysis of these statistics by the provinces of the country shows that in the last two decades, the upward trend of divorce in Ardabil province has been much steeper and has even exceeded the national index in some cases. Although this issue has been taken into consideration in some of the previous researches, what is sometimes evident in the content of these researches is a kind of ambiguity and a conceptual vacuum-a method regarding the place of conflict resolution methods between couples. Based on this, the current research relies on the approach of symbolic interaction and in two parts qualitative (content analysis of 47 interviews) and quantitative (survey with a sample of 500 married citizens of Ardabil) to investigate the role of two categories of marital conflicts and styles Conflict resolution has been discussed in the formation of tendency to divorce in Ardabil society. The results of the qualitative part showed that marital conflicts in Ardabil society in 5 categories "emotional conflicts", "cultural conflicts" and "moral conflicts", "economic conflicts" and "communication conflicts" and methods of dealing with conflicts in the form of "emotional conflict" categories", "democratic encounter", "rational encounter", "escape from the situation" and "forced or instrumental encounter" can be identified. Also, according to the quantitative results, the very low rate of using coercive methods in dealing with conflicts in contrast to the significant rate of using rational and democratic approaches indicates the preference of soft methods over hard strategies among couples. In the discussion of explaining the tendency to divorce, the results showed that conflict resolution methods have far more explanatory power compared to marital conflicts.

The aim of the present study is to "investigate the lived experiences of violence in the families of the new generation (couples under 30 years of age in Ilam)". The method of the present research is qualitative. The sample size of the study is a combination of four groups of five (including 1 counselor, 1 helper and 3 victims of violence), which is a total of 20 people. The research sampling method was purposeful and in the form of snowballs. The data collection tool was also a semistructured interview with limited questions. According to research findings,Types of violence in the new generation of families in Ilam city include men's violence against women, women's violence against men, parental violence against infants and children, and violence against the spouse's family. also,Techniques of violence in the new generation of Ilam city are: indifference (sexual, emotional and economic), infidelity and entering into extramarital affairs, practical violence, psychological and verbal violence (slander of betrayal, slander of underemployment, threat of beating, threat of divorce, obscenity), economic violence (non-payment of alimony, non-payment of alimony, threat of deprivation of inheritance). Finally,, Men's power-seeking, marriage without love, interference from others, cyberspace and the tendency to extramarital affairs, economic problems, changes in the structure of relationships and power in the family, addiction, especially industrial drug addiction, and weak social support for victims of domestic violence It is effective in the families of the new generation of Ilam city.

Fertility in Iran and many provinces has reached low levels. Yazd province is one of the few provinces that experiences fertility above the replacement level (about 2. 3 children) in recent years. The reasons for the higher fertility of this province have become important at both micro and macro levels. The main purpose of this study is to identify the interpretation and understanding of Yazdi women about chldbearing. The approach of this research is qualitative. The participants were 25 married women from Yazd city, who were selected by purposeful sampling in 2017. Data analysis was done with qualitative content analysis technique, The core category is"childbearing as a dualism of risk and certainty" which is derived from the two main categories of "giving meaning and assurance and the risks of childbearing". The findings show that the economic, social and cultural background and religious values play a role in the fertility decisions. Despite knowing and paying attention to the risk of having children, they consider it a source of security and good and blessing and family and religious values. This approach and people's understanding of having children has prevented them from becoming childless and having only one child. However, the continuation of this situation in the future depends on the socio-economic context of the country and the province, and the adoption of government policies and support for young couples and families and facilitating the conditions of marriage and childbearing will guarantee the continuation of these conditions.

Iran is a multi-ethnic society and one of the top ten countries with the highest ethnic diversity in the world. However, the lack of questions about ethnicity in censuses has led to many limitations in comparative studies among ethnic groups. Also, the data of the Socio-Economic Features of the Household survey, which was implemented in 2001, were used to compare the marriage behaviors of ethnic groups with 2018. This study aimed to investigate marriage patterns among different ethnic groups in Iran using National Marriage Survey data. The findings revealed that marriage patterns are different among ethnic groups. A comparison of results with studies from two decades ago shows that although traditional behaviors have declined among all ethnic groups, ethnic differences persist. Generally, ethnic groups can be classified into three categories. Baluchs and Arabs, that have more traditional behaviors. They had a lower average age of marriage. Furthermore, early, consanguineous, arranged and ethnic assortative marriages are more common among them. On the other hand, there are Gilakis, who have modern marriage behaviors compared to other groups, so that they have the highest average age of marriage and the lowest early, consanguineous, and ethnic assortative marriages. The other four ethnic groups are in the middle: Persians, Turks, Kurds and Lors who their behaviors are similar. It seems that socioeconomic inequality and subcultural behaviors of ethnics, are the main determinants of differences.

Early marriage of girls, especially in rural areas, not only causes harm and complications for the individual, but also has various consequences for the family and the rural community. The purpose of this research is to deeply study the phenomenon of early marriage of rural girls and to understand the causal conditions and its consequences. In terms of methodology, the current research is qualitative and based on Grounded theory, which theories were used to increase theoretical sensitivity. The studied population was married women of Puldekhtar villages. The sampling method was also "purposive and theoretical sampling". The tool of data collection was "in-depth interview", based on which theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 18 of these women. In order to analyze the data, the "Strauss and Corbin" approach was used. The findings show that the central phenomenon of this research is "early marriage as subjugation". The causal conditions governing this phenomenon include "gender collective unconscious and fear of absolute celibacy". Background conditions include "social supervision as a social blockage, marriage as a normative moral tour and fatalism" and the intervening conditions on the central phenomenon are: "competitive tendencies, inefficiency of university education, livelihood and calculation". The strategy in facing this phenomenon is "surrender and adaptation" and its consequence is "inhibition from education, dominance and violence, sexual exploitation and mental and motivational crisis".

Population size, distribution and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the population have been the concern of thinkers and planners since the distant past and still have a special place. Considering the interrelationship between population and environmental and geographical forces, in this article population distribution in the geographical area of Iran has been studied. In this regard, the descriptive-analytical research method has been used, General population and housing census statistics, review of library studies and review of high-level documents were used. Finally, demographic strategies were determined in accordance with the environmental conditions and demographic window opportunity in the economic, social, demographic and geographic, environmental and security domains. New population centers should be established in the northeast, center, southeast, and southern coasts of the country according to geographical capabilities, ecological conditions, and in line with the implementation of general population policies. and decentralization of the population center of the capital should be given serious attention. Neglecting strategies based on environmental and population conditions can face the country with environmental destruction and the two phenomena of population aging and youth in the future and increase the country's costs, and turn the population from a factor of development into an obstacle to development.

This article deals with the issue of reducing the desire of families to have children, the fear of livelihood problems in having children and its moral educational solution. The purpose of the article was to present the moral-educational solution of the Holy Quran for families to overcome the fear of livelihood problems in having children. This article analyzes religious texts with a disciplined jurisprudential inference method using a text-based qualitative research method. The most important finding of this article was extracting the solution mentioned in the Quran for families to overcome the fear of livelihood problems, the application of which can eliminate the reluctance to have children due to livelihood problems. The Qur'an's solution was that a person should not be afraid of livelihood problems in order to have children and leave the provision of his and his children's expenses to God. Among the other findings was the investigation and short answer to four concepts of livelihood problems in having children, which are: weak faith and belief in the promises of sustenance, fear of inability to provide for the present and future expenses, believing unrealistic needs to be real, and fourth, greed in life. By analyzing the verses of the Quran, it was concluded that trusting in God is a solution to overcome the fear of livelihood problems in having children. Therefore, the strategies for creating and strengthening trust were extracted from religious texts, which were four strategies: paying attention to divine characteristics and attributes, strengthening faith, paying attention to the helplessness of creatures and despairing of them, and fourth, being on the path of truth and persevering on it.

The concept of house and housing has changed in the new style of urban life and its values have been interpreted in a different way and it takes on a new meaning every day. The new society should be in accordance with the demands and lifestyle of the past and future of the Iranian-Islamic society. The purpose of this study is to achieve alternative futures based on alternative metaphors of the house and to identify possible home and housing scenarios in the future, in order to preserve the cultural, social and physical values of the house. Accordingly, the present study, using the Layer of Causes Analysis (CLA) method, analyzes the change of house idea in four layers of analysis including litany, macro-social causes, discourse / worldview and myth / metaphor, and intends to achieve A clear understanding of the causes of these changes will provide alternative scenarios for the concept of home and housing in the future based on alternative metaphors of this concept. Using purposive sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts who had sufficient knowledge and experience in the subject matter, and sampling continued until the stage of theoretical saturation. According to the research results, four scenarios of smart home, home as a digital cloud, human home, mobile home are presented.

The family is the most important social unit that has many effects on the health of the society and the continuity of childbearing. The first pillar of family formation is marriage and the most vulnerable issue for both the family and the society is divorce. Considering the importance of this topic, the current research was conducted with the aim of studying the social, cultural and economic causes affecting divorce among the experts, the most effective and the most informed of the tasmim system in the city of Birjand in the year 1400. This research is of an applied type and based on the type The approach has a qualitative approach. The studied community is a range of experts, professors and psychologists, judges and other people involved in the issue of divorce, who were investigated in the form of a targeted sampling of 19 people by the in-depth interview method and data analysis was also done with the help of MAXDA software. And it was done based on three methods of free, central and selective coding proposed in the grounded theory method. Finally, 26 main categories have been found according to the subject including social and cultural causes in the field of divorce, which according to regional, cultural conditions and religion of South Khorasan province, some of the most discussed causes of divorce among the sample population include addiction, infidelity, economic issues such as financial problems, forced and imposed marriages, adherence to the traditional culture of marriage and divorce, and issues of this kind.