GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF CHASHMANDAZ-E-ZAGROS
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:12|Papers Count:20

Human mortality and disease is to a large extent related in various ways to weather patterns. Weather affects diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, and allergies like asthma. Also frequency and tensity of extreme temperatures influences mortality especially in elderly people suffering from serious diseases and has always brought about hazards associated with epidermis. This study was an attempt to investigate the influence of climate and ENSO phenomena on influenza in Kermanshah province, which has resulted in thousands of deaths all over the world, especially in underdeveloped countries. First, Monthly and annual data of minimum, maximum and average temperature and relative humidity in a six-year period (1382-1387) were obtained from Kermanshah Regional Metrological Office. Also, the number of people suffering from influenza during the same period, provided by Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, was taken into consideration. And, also monthly and annual data of SOI index were taken from NCEP website. Then, the data were homogenized using ran-test and the numbers were changed to standard Z scores in order to show clearer graphs which show the relationship between the disease and climate factors and SOI index. Next, the relationship between climate factors and the ELNINO phenomenon was analyzed using Pearson correlation formula. Results of the relationship between temperature and the number of patients suffering from influenza showed that the more the temperature decreases, the more the number of patients increases. The least number of patients suffering from influenza relates to Tir and Mordad months, and as we enter Shahrivar the number of patients increases since there is a six-degree decrease in temperature in this month. The most number of patients relates to Azar, Day and Bahman which are the cold months of the year. The results of the multiple regression showed that from among the variables in the regression model, relative humidity had the most influence on the number of patients, and it determined the number of patients 31.9 percent more than the dependent variable. Climate ranking data (temperature, relative humidity and SOI) the number of patients and their relationship showed strong relationship between the number of patients and climate factors. The conclusion shows that cold and average periods concur with negative ENSO phase and the consequence is an increase in the number of patients suffering from influenza.

Field of air pollution from motor vehicles, especially in metropolises in developing countries due to the increasing number of vehicles also increasing of distance traveled by types of vehicle in a year, simply has been proposed as a problem. Tehran Metropolitan's air is polluted and is infected in this context refers that urban transport and its traffic is the most important cause of air pollution in Tehran. So air pollution is the main concern of urban managers and Tehran citizens. In this regard few studies and plans have been conducted. But the problem is that studies and plans that conducted with deficiencies and effects on them, analytical application has not been done of the role of urban transport in air pollution according to municipal districts in a form and using of transportation indicators. So this study used carbon monoxide as published indicators of transport and using an analysis- applied method and by using of the diffusion coefficients and geographical information system with the aim of empirical analysis of the role of urban transportation on air pollution according to municipal districts in a form and by using transport index such as number of trips and the amount and type of crossings, roads capitation, accumulation crossings, percent of critical and slow networks and balance display of parking space began to do research according to the mentioned goal. Based on results was presented in forms of maps, graphs, multiple tables. Different sections of Tehran had different condition homogeneous terms to transportation indicators that are used in this research. And so within research imposition different sections of Tehran have different roles in air pollution of urban transportation. Finally based on results was proposed some solutions.

Planning on housing is one of the most important plans that should spend special attention on it. The aim of this paper is studying qualitative and quantitative and housing forecast requirement of Sari city to horizon 1400. The method in this study is descriptive and analytical- quantity. At first qualitative and quantitative indicators is studied at present situation and in the next section of this study after forecasting the Sari`s population, housing requirement in present situation is determined to horizon 1400 that at this time is needed to 74452 new units. Finally it is determined according to development power of Sari, if maximum use of them and adoption an appropriate residential development it can be supply the city`s future needs. Yet we have a large gap to reach a required point and consistent with development aims and willing or not willing it has not experienced production, distribution and housing maintenance process, forecasted and necessary changes. Due to housing development, not only should compliance current community’s need and poorest segments, but also should know the future needs and future challenges and the ways forward.

Optimal use of land are put forward important subject, because of fast growth and unplanned urban regions, in order to protection of lands in edge cites. This phenomena are enumerated of evident Characteristics in Iranian metropolitans such as other developing Countries. Although; Urban density in tabriz is low but comparing with City Net density or housing density show major part of inner city boundaries spaces are useless. many of cities textures damaged from unfavorable spaces and low housing density. This research investigated sprawl expansion in Tabriz by available statistics and comparative-analysis. F Finding of Research shows that many part of sprawl growth occur around the outer city because of inaccurate use of available lands. Thus this city do not need to urban land for development in the edge until 15 next years with accurate plans and adoption of logical densification policy.

the influence of regional factors is so crucial on tourism planning. And it has dramatic effect on tourism satisfaction. In this regard determine index is so necessary for determine tourism comfort. Among indexes which are studying tourism climate comfort, can be noted the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), cumulative stress index (CS) and tourism climate index(TCI). Among the previous indexes, The Miskovski tourism climate index has high value and importance. Tourism climate index include seven elements: are average of daily maximum temperature per month by C, average of minimum relative humidity by percent, The average of daily temperature by C, average of daily relative humidity per month by percent, average of monthly rainfall (R) per month by mm, average of monthly wind speed (W) by Kilometer/ hours per month, average of monthly hours of sunshine (S). The aim of doing this research is studying climate situation quantitative of Charmahalo Bakhtiari province of comfort and bioclimai dimension and determine the province tourism calendar is based on tourism climate index. To determine tourism climate index in Charmahalo Bakhtiari province, at first the data has been collected the climate homogenous data of an statistical period of 15 years for 8 Synipetic and Clemeto station and after analysis and processing them in Excel and also preparation of data base, tourism climate index has been calculated for regional stations according to municipal each month of year and by using geographical information system technique has been prepared tourism climate index plan based on height map (DEM) for all month of year. Then the existing maps were analyzes and were specified that the month January, February, March, December and November do not have an appropriate climate conditions for tourism in this city. But April has the highest diversity and regional classes, it is observable in these months five classes from critical up to perfect in all over the city. Also on July, August and October was observed three classes: very good, perfect and ideal. The best climate comfort conditions observed for this city in June and September that two perfect and ideal classes covered all over the city. Finally have been prepared a table based on preparation maps to determine best tourism climate comfort conditions 30 tourism gravity in this city.

Increasing urban population and development of urban areas, the increasing the use of waste materials inseparability and so much more of life relations and modern causes a serious approach to urban administrators and burying waste and destroy building for one of the major concerns in the urban environment management. According to the urban services municipality department of jolfa reports that 51 tons waste is product daily. Among the different methods of waste propulsion the form of piled is one of the most important ways that jolfa urban management has been support on it during the years of using this place. This applies has created problems such as the latex removal, soil pollution, bad smell, fire, scattering rubbish and so on at the landfill. In order to prevent the occurrence of such problems should be attempted during the selection of the most suitable place for burying it, these materials should be burial outside of residential areas. In order to select the correct location of the burial of solid waste must be considered about worldwide such as slope, direction of slope, distance from residential areas and the distance from the fault, communication lines and power transmission and… In this study, the emphasis is on finding appropriate burying of urban solid waste management in jolfa and for this purpose the required digital data was collected and then was send to Arc GIS. After the establishment of the database and preparation of the layers with the application of AHP method we could determine the optimal waste burial places through a series of hierarchy analysis in the form of modal 5 classes in the region. At the end, some earth was selected with an area of 32 hectares and up among the fifth class for the best location for the burial of wastes for 20-year periods.

The problem of using qualitative- quantity methods and the use of data with qualitative properties in 1990, made united nations experts to expose by combination of various parameters that has role on the development, development and various regions is shown in this matter and the rate of development and the eradication. This study is to use social- physical parameters and different economic by using Maurice applied model and computer software (EXCEL, SPSS and GIS), firstly to study the development fundamental aspects of Kerman cities and to classify these cities in terms of development. Also, has evaluate deprivation and enjoying of Kerman cities and by presentation of a classification and ordinal analysis show intervals between different cities in Kerman on the map and show some of the general characteristics specified. Since the D.I index can show different strength and weaknesses in terms of the development or deprivation in the studied parameters, very useful and usable and suitable basis for reducing disputes and differences in the development in this region. On the other hand this study following clarify the distance difference is the most developed and deprivation city in Kerman, based on used total parameters and indicators for development. The results of this study show that despite the fact development amount difference between Kerman cities, the percentage of deprived cities and very deprived is more than highly developed and developed that this could be the result of an imbalance of services distribution and facilities and spatial disorder in this province.

The country's young population and increasing rates of unemployment compared to the sixty and seventy decades caused that employment subject be one of the serious challenges and unconventional. Therefore, recognition of the status of employment and unemployment, has an important effect to understand the strengths and weaknesses and its…… in employment planning and human development. The subject of employment and unemployment and the consequences of this matter is one of the Isfahan concerns. Therefore, it is necessary to be studied and employment and unemployment in this province and to determine elements, factors and indexes to provide possibility of developing a comprehensive employment management in Isfahan province. The main objective of research is a descriptive-analytic, clear part of the social inequality in the field of employment in order to be equitable distribution of facilities in Isfahan cities. In this article, were used in order to analyze the employment indexes in cities, at first employment development index (EDI) as a standard combination due to comparison the power of each city. Also, used of 36soft change factors and these variables reduced with advanced statistical methods such as factor analysis to 5 factors and presented combination in significant components. Then cities were divided into four floors homogeneous using cluster analysis model. The results show that there was an imbalance in the cities, so that Isfahan has the best conditions in terms of employment indexes and in terms of the development of employment, this city is enjoying but Khansar city is in the last row and among the deprivation cities.

Urban furniture among it phone booths are important elements of a city which their efficiency will be doubled particularly when they place properly in public spaces. Geographical information system (GIS) is an exact instrument used in this regard especially if combines with methods like AHP, it will give better conclusions. One the most important purposes of the present paper is finding the best sites for locating phone booths of Amaneyeh region in Ahvaz city by using GIS and its combination with AHP. For this, the most essential criteria for locating phone booths were obtained by using documentary and field studies. At the next stage, in order to give a value to each criterion, the expert`s ideas were evaluated related to importance rate of criteria by using AHP method as well as analysis of data in Expert choice software. Obtained values in generated layers of Arc GIS software were multiplied and the final site-selection map of phone booths was gained. Comparison of final map with the current state of phone booths distribution in the studied region demonstrated more proper distribution of these elements in the north, center, and south parts of the region.

Goiter is one of the common disease that more common among teans (youngish) and particularly among young girls and who live in heights. Heredity and environment-regional condition also are the cause of incidence and prevalence of this disease. In Gilan province, a large number of individuals suffer this disease that imposed much treatment cost on patients and country’s budget. In this research, the aim of this paper is recognition 0f geographical distribution Goiter and its environmental factors in Gilan province and submitof its maps. The research method of this paper has used from descriptive-analytic with uses from combined method and geographical fundamental and uses haspital files of The results of this paper has shown that distribution of disease in relationship with Gender, Age, Birth local, live local. From 585 persons disease in Gilan womem more than mans, and in 20-30 ages has more frequency. Incidence of this disease in siahkal (36.19%) and Talash (13.34%) and number of disease Rasht (32.7%) and Amlash (2.86%). On bases birth local, Rasht (27.7%) and Masal (2.8%) and in October month with 66 % and July is 34%.Maximum disease in Autumn, and Minimum disease in Summer.