Journal of Economic Modelling
Year:2016 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 (32)|Papers Count:7

The main goal of this research is to estimate the effect of production structure on income distribution in Iran. So, the researchers have used Gini coefficient, value added of five sectors concerning Agriculture, Industry and Mining, Building, Service, and Oil sectors shares of GDP during 1978-2012. The results indicate that the transition from Agriculture to Industry and Mining, Services and/or Oil increases the income inequality, while the transition from Oil to each of the other sectors reduces income inequality. Transferring the value added share of Industry and Mining to Oil or Services increases inequality. The transition from Services to Industry and Mining has equality effects on income distribution. Transferring the value added shares from Building sector to each of the Industry and Mining and Agriculture has no significant effects on inequality. Concerning the results, value added share transferring from Industry and Mining, Services and/or Oil to Agriculture reduces the inequality consistent with Kuznets Hypothesis representing that the inequality in Agriculture sector is less than other sectors.

In this paper, the effect of trade openness on the level of employment and the rate of wages has been evaluated by using a computable general equilibrium model. The results represent that through the cuts of general imports tariff, the percentage changes of total employment level as well as the employment level of unskilled labor will be increased. Likewise, by decreasing the percentage of skilled labor wages to follow more tariff cuts, wages inequality is improved. Also, it is clear that more tariff cuts on food, apparel and textile commodities will decrease the percentage changes of total level employment and unskilled labors. Since, the percentage changes of skilled labor wages will be increased in comparison with unskilled labors by increasing tariff cuts. Thus, it can be concluded that wider trade openness in the food, apparel and textile commodities leads to the increase of wages inequality. However, under the effect of the tariff cuts in agricultural commodities, the percentage changes of total employment as well as the employment of unskilled labors will be increased and by the decline of percentage changes of skilled labor wages, there is a decrease in the inequality of wages between skilled and unskilled labors.

The measurement of contribution of physical capital, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) capital, labor and total factor productivity growth to economic growth has been an important issue in economics for a long time. The aim of this paper is to estimate the contribution of physical capital, ICT capital, labor and total factor productivity growth of manufacturing value added in Iranian manufacturing industries. For this purpose, we used the date of ISIC 2-digit codes during 2000-2007 using growth accounting analysis method. findings shows that the contribution of physical capital in growth is %36, the labor %34, information technology %3 and total productivity %27. So, physical capital and unskilled labor have dominant role in the growth but low in information technology. Also, manufacturing industries has a decreasing return to scale in Iran.

Inspired by Becker’s model (1965) and Double-Hurdle pattern by the transformation of Box-Cox and also using the statistical data related to the income and expenses of the urban and rural households in Iran during the year 2012, the most important economic and demographic reasons affecting the probable participation and amount of consumption of food away from home has been identified and then the elasticities related to the probable participation and conditional and unconditional consumptions been calculated. The elasticities resulting from estimating the maximum likelihood function of the research under the study indicates that the results of the explanatory factors on the probable participation and the expenses pertaining to the food away from home are sometimes favorable and sometimes contradictory and contrastive. The families themselves and their educational level respectively have a negative and positive favorable effect on the consumption of food away from home. The average age factor of the household has negative elasticity on the probable participation and positive elasticity on costs. So, it has a contrasting effect on the consumption of food away from home.

During two past decades, the building of stadiums and sport projects has been greatly increased in American and European and even Asian countries. Today, as an effective and important factor, it plays a vital role directly and indirectly in the economic development of cities and countries when producing and consuming sports goods and services.This paper explores the impact of professional sports teams and stadiums on earning in private sector. To get the goal, such jobs as sporting goods stores, grocery stores, restaurants, inn, hotel, transportation and amusements are considered by a closer interaction with stadiums. This study tries to pay attention to such related sports as football and futsal during 2005-2007. The results indicate that there is no positive and significant relationship between the existence of professional teams and stadiums and the earnings of people in related jobs.

The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and then handled as a combination of linear almost ideal demand system based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) during 2004- 2012. In this paper, the behavior of price and income elasticities has been studied in urban households. The overall results represent that cereals, dairy products and oils group are a part of essential commodities. Meats, fish and marine animals are luxury goods. Cross-price elasticities, in term of absolute value, are less than one in most cases. Auto-price elasticity of fish and marine animals is more than one unit. In other word, this group is a kind of elastic goods.

Given that the mission of Research Department of all universities and research institutions is to write and edit the research activities and develop or produce new sciences and change it into new technology, the evaluation of their research performance is very important. In this paper, the performance of the research department in selected branches of Islamic Azad University is measured and compared in 3 periods during 2010-2013 by using without input model of DEA. So, 5 important research indicators are determined and considered based on DEMATEL technique. The Performance of the branches are calculated by a without input model of DEA and GAMS software and then ranked by Anderson-Peterson ranking method. During the first period, 4 branches including Takestan, Karaj, Firouzkouh and Varamin are efficient. During the second period, 5 branches Parand, Takestan, Roudehen, Karaj and Firouzkouh are efficient and at last, 4 branches are highly efficient during third period, naming Parand, Takestan, Qazvin and Firouzkouh.