JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2016 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:12

Leptin, after passing from sertoli-cells and entering into the balls, can cause the prevention of releasing testosterone and can control releasing glycoproteins though a paracrine network and also defect or resistance of Leptin causes extreme deficiency in the function of genitourinary system in human and animal models. As Leptin do its own physiological functions with the reaction to Leptin receptor and also leap in coding gene of Leptin receptor causes reduction in density of testosterone serum, normal sexual minority and sterility. On the other hand, any researches haven’t been conducted clearly on relationship of testosterone and Leptin in fertile and sterile men, this research has been performed, about this subject. Elisa is one of the best laboratorial and research methods all over the world and used in identifying the small amounts of vital hormones and molecules in clinical medicine and research tests. In this research, the effect of Leptin on testosterone in serum of fertile and sterile men has been researched and compared. The result is that the amount of the testosterone in sterile persons is more than fertile persons but the amount of Leptin in fertile persons is more than sterile persons. Therefore, determining the treatment strategy to cure the sterile men is the usage of effective medicines and diet with Leptin.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Q10 on the damage of kidney tissue as well as serum factor levels due to diabetes induction in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The experimental model of diabetes type A in rats was induced by intraperitoneally injection of 120 mg Alloxan monohydrate per kg/bw. Physiology serum was used as Alloxan solvent. Control group rats received buffer citrate 0.05 M (pH=4.5), intraperitoneally. The Q10-treatment group received 75 mg/kg Q10 via gavage for one month. In Alloxan-Q10 treatment group, the rats at first were diabetic and then they received 75 mg/kg Q10 via gavage for one month. Severe tissue damage was observed in the obtained tissue samples from diabetic rats. The tissue damages were in the forms of acute tubular necrosis, interstitial tubular nephrosis, vacuolar alterations, and atherosclerosis. The obtained results from urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels in understudied rats demonstrated a significant difference between diabetic-treatment group and diabetic-Q10 group (p<0.05). It can be concluded, from the discussion of the present study that type I diabetes leads to significant increase in renal enzymes’ serum level i.e., urea, creatinine, uric acid. Also, it can be concluded that the administration of Q10, as an antioxidant, will decrease in some extent the serum levels of renal functional factors and can also decrease the side effects on the function of this vital organ.

Ovarian cancer is one of the commonest cancers among the woman. Although not common, but one of the main causes of death in woman is considered.one of the main problem in the treatment of cancer is the lack of active drugs and effective drugs, and drug resistance to the drugs available. Nanoparticles are one of the most well-known nanomaterials that have been studied for their anticancer properties. Among these nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles having very strong antimicrobial properties in medical and dental acceptility are high. Thus, the present study was carried out to study the cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on the glycine substrate on ovarian cancer induced by DMBA in female wistar rats. In this study, female wistar rats were used. Animals were divided into 6 groups. The first group was the control group. The second group only injected by DMBA respectively. Third group treated with injection of DMBA+Salin and other groups treated injection of different doses of silver nanoparticles on the glycine substrates to induced cancer, 7, 12 dimethyl benza anthracen was directly injected in to ovary. In this study the weight of ovaries and ovarian histopathological features in all experimental groups were measured and evaluated and finally, data collected using 16 spss software and one way ANOVA were analyzed. The tumor weight in the group receiving the nanoparticle fell sharply. In fact, the silver nanoparticles were significantly positive effects on cancer cells. The microscopic section of luteinizing and follicle improved in the group receiving the silver nanoparticles on the glycine substrate was observed. This study confirms the positive effect of the silver nanoparticle on glycine substrate in treating the ovary cancer and destroying cancer cells, although more studies are needed.

In order to improve the quality and efficiency of caviar crop from sturgeon as assessment of ovarian maturation stage is inevitable; also it should be avoided from capture of fish at stage of follicular atresia. In this study determination of atretic follicle in ovary was done by evaluation of blood steroid level and biochemical parameters. After catheterization, 10 fish that follicles in reabsorption stage were seen in their ovaries were selected for further analysis. Blood testosterone and estradiol values were significantly lower inA. ruthenus that containing atretic follicle in their ovaries in compare to control. Blood biochemical parameters including, triglyceride, cholesterol and calcium were also lower in fish with atretic follicles in their ovary in compare to control. Our findings showed that biochemical and hormonal changes caused by follicular atresia could be used successfully to distinguish atretic follicles from normal follicles in A. ruthenusto replace biopsy as an invasive method.

Vitamin C is a simple compound of 6 carbons and it can be found in vegetable foods, and it has important roles in the body. Lead is one of the heavy metals and basic elements of igneous rocks of earth crust. Lead is produced from lead filtration but the machines is taking into account from important resources lead production in cities. This material is absorbed by respiratory system, digestive system, and skin. This study due to the importance of liver role in the body and having high rates of lead in environment, by the aim of reviewing protection effect of Vitamin C on the activity of liver enzyme, such as Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Phosphate (ALP), and the some biomechanical factors of blood like protein and albumin is done. The rats which fed and curry with acetate is done. In this study, 48 male rats (Wistar strain) from the mothers which classified and fed with specified doses, and found in experiment groups 3 and 4, at first 100 mg/kg lead acetate and to the order 500, 250 mg/kg vitamin C was found in pregnant period, and were divided into 6 group of 8th. Control group did not administrated by any drugs and sham group was found distilled water (as a solvent). The drugs is given to the mothers in all period of pregnant as edible. After ending the pregnancy period and in 22th days, the blood sampling was done. The time of test is accounted 42 days (control groups, sham, experiment 1, 2, 21 days and experiment group 3, 4, 42 days.).The evaluation of level rate of enzyme plasma ALP, ALT, ASP, albumin, protein was done diagnosis kits of Pars Azmoon Company by RA-1000 machine. Also, histology review was done by staining Hematoxylin–Eosin. The results which received from the tests were analyzed by statistical analysis of Tukey Tests, ANOVA Test and T-Test. The comparison of statistical test results from larvae weight is indicated that experiment groups which received different rates of drug rather than control group showed significant reduction in the level of P£0.05, and among experiment which received different dose of drug and control group, there was seen significant increase in liver enzyme, ALT, ALP, AST... In a manner that in maximum receiver of drug was seen significant increasing rather than control group. Also, the results show that the changes in liver weight and the rate of albumin and protein serum in experiment groups of drug receiver from control group is not significant. In tissue samples produced by increasing rate of drug, was seen more necrosis.

Cadmium is dangerous due to the properties such as persistence and accumulation in the environment. The aim of this study is of the protective effect of chieko fruit on the damage of testes tissue in rats treated with cadmium. This experimental study was performed on 42 adult male Wistar rats. The rats were divided in to 7 groups. The control group received food and water. Sham1 group were injected with 0.2 ml distilled water. Sham2 group was injected with 0.2 mg/Kg B.W. Cadmium. Sham3 group were injected with 100 mg/Kg B.W. chieko extract. The experimentalgroups1, 2 and 3 in the first day of testing, 0.2 mg / Kg B.W. Also cadmium (0.2 mg/Kg B.W.) and 50, 100 and 200 mg / Kg B.W. chieko extract was injected to the experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups respectively. After 14 days, the mice hearts were bled and the serum levels of their sex hormone were examined. Data was collected by using SPSS software and by one-way variance analytical tests (ANOVA) in significance P<0.05. The testosterone hormone increased significantly, compared to the control and other groups. DHEA hormone had no changes, LH and FSH hormones in fell the Sham group 2 and increased in the experimental groups compared to Sham group 2. This study showed that chieko fruit juice can reduce the harmful effects caused by cadmium.

Sperm quality evalution is a valuable tool to study the reproduction potential of male animals and is important for breeding and preservation of medical species. In this study, 66 Zanjani male snakes were collected from two mountainous and cold habitats, Bostanabad in eastern Azarbaijan and Tarom of Zanjan Province of Iran, in year 2011 to 2012. Morphological characteristics of animals, including body weight, body length from snout to vent, specifications of vas deferen duct and sperm parameters including: concentration, motility, viability of sperm and also the presence and absence of ductal sperm were examined. Results show the morphology of vas deferens in Zanjani viper consists of three parts: proximal, median and distal. The longest values of vas deferen (right and left) lengths in Bostanabad viper was observed in the autumn and the shortest lengths in the spring, whereas these values for Tarom snakes were opposite. The highest mean percentage of sperm concentration in Bostanabad samples was observed in the spring and in Tarom samples was in the autumn. According to the results we can recommend concentration of mature sperms with suitable reproductive parameter are highest in the vas deferen in May, October and November and sperms with highest motility are present in the distal part of the duct in the spring and autumn, and it seems animal is ready for mating.

Spermatogenesis that including complicated and precise process of cell differentiation in mammals, begins in early adulthood and continues throughout the life of reproduction, which resulted in dividing of fundamental cells, and result of dividing meiosis, are haploid spermatids that basically have been chenged in their testicular and epididym because of creating high performance sperm. All of stages of spermatogenesis occur simultaneously, as in pathological conditions, the smallest disruption can lead to infertility. Beginning in terms of survival and spermatogenesis by FSH and testosterone hormones are regulated. Some researchers believe that the testosterone hormone is the main hormone for regulating of spermiogenesis and FSH has a minor role. PMSG has the similar performance to FSH. in this project we will consider the effects of sex hormones PMSG and testosterone on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis. IN VITRO experiments was done in three different groups including a controlt and two experimental groups on the immature male mice that were NMRI descent and duration of tissue culture was considered 4weeks. after passing specified time and doing histology and microscopy studying, Results: the results indicated meaningful increase in number of spermatosist, spermatid, sperm and decrease in A spermatogonia Certoli cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that testicular tissue culture can be a useful experimental model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of proliferation of spermatogonia.

Argyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to high valued protein are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their identification is important in health and disease states. Unlike mammals, fish lack lymph node and also there is not hematopoietic tissue in their bone marrows, and so mainly Hematopoiesis is done in their spleen and kidney. In this study, 6 pieces of Argyrosomus hololepidotus were provided from the Persian Gulf. Some samples from the spleen up to 5mm thickness were prepared and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Then tissue sections were prepared in 5-6 μ and after H& E staining, the structures of the capsule and parenchyma of pronephrose were studied histologically. In order to confirm the results and findings of this staining, silver staining was also used. Microscopic results showed that tissue structure of Argyrosomus hololepidotu s pronephrose was consisted of hematopoietic tissue, lymphoid tissues and kidney tubules. Pronephrose lymphoid tissues are also consisted of reticular supportive tissue and lymphocytic parenchyma cells.

Cryopreservation of embryos at different stages of development, including zygote, early cleavage and blastocyst stage is one of the main sections of in vitro fertilization programs. For better coordination of embryo and endometrium and also higher implantation rate, it is preferable to cryopreserved blastocyst than other stages. During cryopreservation, however, presence of blastocoelic fluid causes serious embryo damage, by ice crystal formation. Therefore in this study, the blastocoelic fluid was removed by a mechanical microneedle procedure and then quality of blastocysts was assessed by cellular and molecular methods. For this purpose, 421 of the NMRI mouse IVF produced blastocysts, randomly divided into three groups. The first group after placing in cryopreservation media, immersed in liquid nitrogen by cryotop and then thawed. The second group after artificial collapse techniques was immediately vitrified-thawed. Then both groups in terms of survival, hatching and gene expression compared with results of the third group (control). Comparison of the results showed that non-significant reduction in survival rate and significant reduction in hatching rate was occurred after vitrification. By puncturing the blastocoelic cavity before vitrification, hatching rate was significantly increased. AlsoEomes and Cdx2expression after the artificial collapse were reduced in compared with vitrification, but this result was closer to control genes expression (p<0.05). According to this study, removal of fluid by mechanical microneedle technique could increase the quality of blastocysts after vitrification.