JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Behavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interaction on inhibitory avoidance response was investigated.Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Also, two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the ventral tegmental area. A step-through inhibitory avoidance task was used for memory assessment in male Wistar rats. The drug injected 5 min before testing and the step-through latency was measured with a stopwatch as inhibitory avoidance memory.The results showed that intra-VTA pretest administration of scopolamine (3 and 4 μg/rat) and NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (1 and 2 μg/rat) impair memory retention. Interestingly, co-administration of an ineffective dose of MK801 (0.5 μg/rat) with ineffective doses of scopolamine (1 and 2 μg/rat) significantly decreased the inhibitory avoidance memory. Although pretest intra-VTA injections of NMDA (0.001 and 0.01 μg/rat) had no effect by itself, but its co-administration with scopolamine (4 μg/rat) prevented the decreasing effect of scopolamine on inhibitory avoidance memory retention.Our data may indicate that muscarinic and NMDA receptors in the VTA may be involved in the mechanism(s) modulating inhibitory avoidance memory retention through the VTA dopaminergic projections.

Introduction: Fumaria parviflura belongs to the Fumariacea family. Medicinal properties of Fumaria derived from green fork-like leaves and violet flowers that the antioxidant effects of these items has been recently noticed. Cholorambocil (CHL) is an effective substance of the leukeran that is used against the human neoplasm disease. It is demonstrated that CHL in specific dosage has severe destructive effects on the testis tissue.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect site of CHL in testis tissue and protective role of the Fumaria aqueous extract, against .Materials and Methods: Wistar male rats divided into 3 groups: control, control2 , experimental 1,2,3,4 (n=7). The control group received distilled water, the c0ntrol2 group received distilled 10 mg/kg w.b. CHL , the experimental groups1, received distilled 150 mg/kg w.b Fumaria aqueos extract and the experimental groups 2,3,4 received 150,250,350 mg/kg w.b CHL and 150, 250 ,350 mg/kg w.b Fumaria aqueous extract and 10mg/kg.wb CHL through oral gavage respectively. After 15 days rats were anesthesized and blood test performed. Rats sacrificed and the Testis were removed. the volume and weight of the testis were measured and the tissues were fixed. The preparation of Tissue sectioning accomplished by H&E staining. Sertoli and spermatogenic cells counted with light microscope.Results and Discussion: Statistical analyzes showed that CHL has significantly reduced cell groups specially primary spermatocyte and Fumaria aqueous extract has significantly restrained this effect.

In recent years, different methods have been employed to prevent pregnancy with ultimate aim of controlling human population. Treatment of some disease by alternative medicine as opposed to the traditional medicine associated with unwanted side effects has been found helpful. Use of FoeniculumVulgare mill has been identified as tranquilizer, anti spasm, elimination of digestive difficulties and reduction of male’s sexual hormones. Therefore, this investigation was mainly conducted to measure the possible effect of this Herbal's extract on male's hormones production. In this research, several rates were divided into four experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups were injected with 35, 70, 140 and 280 mg/Kg of this herbal extract and the control group received only salin. The results showed that there is no meaningful differences between experimental groups and control group in testis weight , testis volum, epididim and vasadeferens duct weight and no differences was observed between experimental groups and control group in number of spermatogonia and spermatocyte. On the contrary , There is a decreas significantly in number of spermatid and sperm in experimental groups that had received 140 and 280 mg/ Kg doses.

The bedriaga plate-tailed gecko, Teratoscincus bedriagai, belonging to the family Gekkonidae; because of limited populations a few studies have been done about them in Iran. In this study, which has been done during 2007-2009 in south deserts of Damghan in Semnan province; 50 specimens were collected at midnight hours of spring and summer. Study region has highly saline soil with desert and steps plants. Present study was conducted on the basis of morphological, morphometrical and meristics characters of Teratoscincus bedriagai. Results of study of specimens including 21 males and 29 females showed that males ranged from 41.7 to 71.7 mm; females ranged from 40.7 to 73.8 mm; HHW: 64.9-113.4; EED: 37.1-80; supralabials and infralabials: 8-12; scales across head: 30-38; scales along head: 60-67; less than 60 scales around midbody; supra caudal plates: 10-12; lateral fringe scales on 4th toe: 19-25; infranasal always presents and postmentals are not distinct.

This study was done in 2008. The materials of the study were collected during spring, summer, fall and late winter. Only two specimens were collected from Malekan city. Morphologic, morphometric and meristic characteristics have shown that these specimens are Cyrtopodion scabrum. Furthermore, in this study the Cyrtopodion scabrum was collected from East Azarbayjan province for the first time ,however, its distribution map wasn't included in East Azarbayjan province.

A large number of amphibians were collected and identified from river and ranway is from April to March 2008­_2009 all of hem belong to the order Anura including 4 species Pelophylax ridibunda ridibunda and Rana camerani from he family Ranidae and Pseudepidalae viridis viridis from he family Bufinidae and 1 specimen tree frog from the family Hylidae. the tree frog is reported for the first time in area.in this research 40 adult specimens were ecologically studied in terms of morphology and behavior. also was used to valid species summary for this region site with many samples is scattered vnmuvdar.the best identification factor between frogs and toads is the presence of paratoid glands on the back of head in toad. and of the all species there in males pineal body and intensified sound.64 percent of collected specimens are P.ridibunda ridibunda and18 percent are Rana camerani and15percent are. Pseudepidalae viridis viridis and 3 percent are Hyla savignyi.

Incidence of food –borne diseases caused by marine product has been increased in recent years. the aim of this study is to evaluate the late of contamination to listeria monocytogenes and E.coli o157H7. In fishes of Khorasan Razavi before marketing.Forty fish samples were taken from 10hatchery then alimentary tract of fishes were cultured in related medias. Isolation of listeria monocytogenes was done by cold- Enrichment method for seven days in 4oc in L.E.B. and suspected colonies transferred in to oxford agar .first identification of this bacteria was done by morphological and biochemical rests. Among suspiuons colonies, 5% were positive for listeria monocytogenes. Isolation of E. coli O157H7 in this regard first the digestion of the fisher were taken out in aseptic condition and after mixing that with brian heart infusion broth wich is a general rich environment after 24 hours selected rich environment of E.Coli , M.Cbroth ,being added , after growth of colony related to E.Coli , from E.M.B typic colony ,peptone water ,B.G broth , T.S.I being added. among suspicions colonies 75% rate of colony suspicious samples of E. coli infection were positive Gypsy and none to serotype O157H7 observe . These rates of contamination might refer to high pollution of pisiculture pools and low temperature in Khorasan Razavi province.

According to the importance of hematology science, this paper in order to determination of factors and the blood first index such as Hb, RBC, WBC, HCT and distinguished percentage of white blood cells(Neutrophils, Lymphocytes and Eosinophils) in Sturgeon fish propagation and rearing complex of Dr shahid Beheshti(sadde Sangar) in five species of Sturgeon fish includes Acipenser persicus, Acipenser stellatus, Acipenser nudiventris, Acipenser ruthenus, Huso huso ( 25 numbers totally) of ages 2-3 years old has done in 1387. After taking blood of each fish, the blood specimens were evaluated to determine the hematological factors in laboratory.The statistical analysis revealed that Huso huso has significant variation with other species in Hb, HCT, WBC, RBC, Lymphocytes and Eosinophils(68/74, 1/3, 696000, 236700, 82/6, 11/8). For Lymphocytes , also, there wasn’t any significant variation between Acipenser ruthenus, Acipenser persicus and Acipenser nudiventris.