MOSKUYA
Year:2007 | Volume:1 | Issue:5|Papers Count:8

The study of reasons and factors and outcomes of political revolutions in 20th century is one of the interesthing discussions which researchers and historians attention is focused on that discussion. 17th October Revolution is one of these revolutions.In this article it is tried to study the reasons of Russia lag in comparision in comparison with West. Outbrak of Russia changes after nullification of servaj system in 1861, how to spread capitalism fomation of pioneer parties, backgrounds of Czarism decline and destiny of the last Russian.

In this article the writer has tried to describe and analyse the most important events of Iran on the edge of the Sasanid state formation in a rational, succinct, clear and critical way. So, he has begun his discussion from Arsacid dynasty weaknesses and strengthes, then has described the reasons of political movements in Pars Provice, has reminded the Sasanid origins, the quality of Ardeshir battles up to the establisdhment a concentrated government throughout the country, and finally has braught to an end his essay by explaining the above mentioned king achievements. Meanwhile, he has studied the issue of knowing Zoroastrianism as the state religion and has proposed his hypothesis in this regard too.

The importance and value of women in Iran's history is a significant matter. As the Shia became the official religion of the country in Safavid dynasty, Iranian women were deeply affected by religious restrictions. Though the historians of that time couldn't be in touch with harem's women and couldn't make precise description of them. However the written history of safavid's tells us about women's special appearance and hijab and the fact that their lives were hidden behind curtains. In that period of time Iranian men had a restrictive attitude towards their wives that forbade the women from making any relationships with other men.Based on the tradition of that era, showing women's clothes publicly was not allowed. They believed by seeing a woman's dress one could form an image of her body in their mind. In fact women's appearance was an important issue in Safavid era, and letting the others see face of a man's wife brought an absolute disgrace on him.In spite of all these efforts, women in harem had a special situation in a way that they were called “shadow state” and had a hand in politics and governing the country.After shah Abbas's reign they gained political power and strongly influenced the process of choosing king's successor.

Ali-Gholikhan-e-Shamloo was one of the famous men in safavid period. He was lucky so that the took a wife from Safavid dynasty and was elected as prince of princes of Harat city by Safavid shah Esmail II.After the sudden death of shah Esmail II, Shah Mohammad Khodabandeh gave him the “Allah” and appointed him as regent of Prince Abbas Mirza. Shamloo dynasty attained high-ranking positions because of his existence and influence in Qazvin court. At last, he gave his life in this way during political disputes with his rivals specially Morshed Gholikhan Ostajloo.

Historiography about Iran in ilkhanid Period is by the names of several Iranian bureaucrats such as Atamalek-e-Jovaini, the writer of Tarikh-e-Jahangoshvai, and Rashided-Din Hamadani (of Hamedan), author of Jame'ot-Tavarikh. This two bureaucrat historians with different tendencies and viewpoints, codified two indelible and prominent historical books which you can feel their most variation on the way they have presented on Isma'ilies.This article tries to do an indecision on these varation and factors that effected them in their way to codify Isma'ilies history.

Seljuks were from Turkman's tribe who lived in northern parts of Jeihoon river and they became muslim in Transoxiana ofther expansion of Islam.In the batlle which occured between this tribe and Ghazavid dynasty in Dananghan, they defed Ghazavians and shifted the power and anthority to themselves. Arrival of Tohhrol in to the Nishaboor in 1092 and his accession to the throne was threshold for beginning of Seljuk sovereignty.In this study it is tried to consider the sovereignty of Iraq seljuks by reviewing how to establish Seljuk governance and also how to divide power among themselves. We decide to analyze the explanation and description of Iraq seljuks sovereignty, factors offecting on weakness and at last their decline. Among these several effective factors, we emphazie more on role and share of triangle of caliphate system abbasians, Atabakans (title of former chancellors) and kharazmshahians specially role of Atabakan, They believed that religion and governance should be separated from each other, They also believed that Abbassides caliphate's and Seljuk king's duty is dealing with religious and spiritual affairs and their duty is leading the policy world, in this study it's also dealth with how third Joghrol confronted to this belief.

The literature of each era is affected by it's political, social, and economical Circumstances and also is the language of it's own nation. With occurance of constitution revolution, new literature formed in Iran which has direct relations with political and social changes and appeared new concepts which never had been before that time. This literature had political entity more than every thing. In the works of writers and poets we can see concepts such as freedom, patriotism, struggl against despotism and colonization, governance based on law, justice and equality. In this article, we try to deal with concepts such as freedom, homeland despotism and colonization in this new born literature, to study how to form these concepts in different historical periods from beginning of threshold to RezaKhan monarchy and also to deal with existing political atmosphere in Iran and how to use these concepts.

Between the tewlve Imams of Twelv_Imam Shi’ite, without any doubt Iman Sadegh has a very unique place and his spiritual and scientific position is accepted by shi'ite and sunite scholars and Sufism patriarchs.Between Alavids and Baktashians in Anatoli, beyond the spiritual and scientific position of this repected Imam, his reputation is most made by a script that they’re related it to him. This script is named Farman (Order) in Turkish: Buyruk-and is one of the main scripts which explains Alavids and Baktashians ethics and beliefs.This relation to Iman sadegh and its fundamental place in Alavids beliefs could be a basic reason the junctue between Anatolian Alavids society and the Twelve- Imam shi'its.This article tries to explain the value and some general Matters of the Farrman (Order).