JOURNAL OF CROP PRODUCTION RESEARCH (ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES IN PLANT SCIENCES)
Year:2015 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:6

Triticale is a synthetic crop developed by crossing between wheat and rye which had shown suitable traits such as high yielding of forage and grains, it performs better under harsh environment in comparison with wheat and barley. In order to study of stability of superior triticale lines, this investigation was conducted at Torogh Mashhad, Karaj and Birjand agricultural research stations in two growing seasons 2010-2012. This study was assigned in one Elite Regional Triticale Yield Trial experiment using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Each experiment were consists of 17 promising lines and cultivars of triticale in addition of two checks of triticale (Juanillo 92 and Sanabad), a total 19 entries. The results of combined analysis showed that the main effects of location (L) and the interaction effect between year and location (Y × L) were significant with at 1% level of probability and the other effects were not significant. The highest and lowest grain yield (7138 and 4460 kg/ha) were obtained from the studied lines at Torogh station and Birjand, respectively. There was no difference between grain yields of genotypes. However highest grain yield of this experiment were assigned to 6, 9 and 11 lines. The grain yield of Juanillo 92 (Check No. 1) and Sanabad (Check No. 2) were 5720 and 5835 kg/ha, respectively. The mean grain yield of 3 lines 6, 11 and 9 were 6143, 6117 and 6064 kg/ha, respectively. The results of rank analysis showed that these 3 promising lines had better means of rank and yield stability in comparison with the other entries. Therefore, based on superiority of grain yield, yield stability and suitable agronomic traits, these 3 promising lines were advanced to the on-farm trials and further cultivar release.

The aim of this research was study the effect of silicon and potassium rates in two planting patterns on lodging parameters and paddy yield of rice. This experiment was carried out as split-split plot in randomized complete blocks design with four replications at Babol, Mazandaran in 2012. Main plots was silicon rates in three levels) 0, 250, 500 and 750 kg Si ha-1) and sub plots was potassium rates in three levels (0, 72.5 and 145 kg K ha-1) and sub sub plots was planting patterns in 2 levels (10×10 cm2 and 20×20 cm2). The results showed that the most plant height, panicle length, 4th internode length and flag leaf length were obtained for control treatment. As, highest 4th internode bending moment was observed in control treatment. The maximum paddy yield (624.6 g.m2) because of increasing panicle length and number of tiller per hill was obtained by application of 500 kg S ha-1. The most flag leaf length (28.89 cm) and harvest index (37.59%) were conducted in 10×10 cm2 planting patterns. But the most plant height and number of tiller per hill were obtained in 20×20 cm2. Therefore, application of 500 kg S ha-1 and 145 kg K ha-1 because of decrease lodging and increase in yield was the best treatment.

This field experiment was done to study the effects of chemical and organic fertilizers on growth, yield and yield components of Tarom rice variety under system of rice intensification (SRI), using completely randomized block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications, during 2011 growing season at Haraz Development and Promotion Research Center. Treatments SRI 1 to SRI 8 consisted of different combinations of organic fertilizers; Bioll555 and Azola compost with urea fertilizer, under system of rice intensification and SRI 9 as traditional rice cultivation system were used. The results showed that the maximum (149.8 cm) and minimum (129.2 cm) plant height were measured in treatments SRI 7 and SRI 2, respectively. In terms of maximum number of tillers, no significant differences were observed between treatments (p>0.05) The maximum (249.0) number of panicles per m 2 was observed in treatment SRI 6. Also the results indicated that the maximum (120.7) and minimum (94.1) number of spikelets per panicle were measured in treatments SRI 8 and SRI 3, respectively. The results also revealed that the highest grain yield (4772.4 kg/ha) was measured in treatment SRI 6 and the lowest rate (3360.0 kg/ha) was gained in treatment SRI 2. Finally, It found that treatment (SRI 6) and (SRI 7) under system of rice intensification could lead to the best yield and yield components of Tarom rice variety.

Agricultural operations has important role on the yield and other characteristics of corn. In order to study the effect of different planting densities on morphological characteristics and forage yield of new silage corn hybrids, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized blocks design with three replications was done on KSC705, KSC704, KSC703 and KSC706 at the Agricultural Research Station of gorgan in the summer of 2014. In this experiment, the plant densities (75000, 85000 and 95000 plants per hectare) were considered as the second factor. Analysis of variance showed that corn hybrids had significant effect on corn fresh yield (p£0.1) and also maize diameter, leaf /stem ratio and fresh forage yield (p£0.5). The maximum fresh forage yield distinguished in hybrid KSC704 (34099.2 Kg/ha). The results indicated that maize diameter and maize length at 1% possibility level and leaf /stem ratio and fresh forage yield at 1% possibility level affected by planting density. The maximum fresh forage yield in density of 75000 plants/ha in (34830/4 Kg/ha) was gained. According to the findings, maximum positive and significant correlation observed between fresh maize yield and fresh forage yield. So hybrid KSC704 with 75000 plant/ha is appropriate and justifiable for forage corn cultivation in Golestan province.

Due to study the effect of competition period on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in conventional and dormant sowing conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication at Joghtay in 2012-2013. Main factor was planting method (Conventional and dormant sowing) and sub plot was weed competition period (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after emergence), Planting date was 24 December 2012 and 23 February 2013 at dormant sowing and conventional condition, respectively. The result of experiment showed that sowing dormant had more weed dry matter and weed density than conventional planting method. With the exception of 1000 seed weight, the other yield components in sowing dormant planting method were higher than conventional. Increasing of weed competition period was decreased linearly yield and yield components. Among yield components, seed per pod and pod per plant showed the highest response to weed competition period. In full competition period (60 days interference after seed emergence) Seed per pod and pod per plant was decreased 98.83% and 60.21% respectively compared to control. Overall, the result showed that in conventional and dormant planting methods, chickpea could tolerate weed competition until 30 and 15 days after emergence, respectively.

This experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Roudehen Research field, in 2010. In this research vermi compost in 5 levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 ton.ha -1 and non application) as first factor and phosphate bio-fertilizer in two levels (Inoculation and non inoculation) as second factor were considered. The results showed that seed inoculation with phosphate bio-fertilizer had significant effect on capitul number, leaf fresh weigh, stem fresh weight, flower weight, total fresh weight per plant, flower dry weight, total dry weight per plant and grain yield. The maximum grain yield was conducted with 20 ton/ha vermi compost, because of increased capitol number, capitol diameter and 1000 grain weight. Also the plant height, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, flower fresh weight, total fresh weight per plant, flower dry weight and total dry weight per plant were highest in this treatment. With inoculation of phosphate bio-fertilizer, because of increase in capitol number and capitol diameter, the highest grain yield were observed. The maximum grain yield (2150.2 kg.ha-1) was obtained at interaction of 20 ton/ha vermi-compost and phosphate bio-fertilizer consumption. Therefore, 20 ton/ha vermi-compost application and phosphate inoculation, because of significant increase in grain yield recommend as the best treatment.