VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2018 | Volume:12 | Issue:1 (45) |Papers Count:8

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection is a common respiratory infection in growing chickens that mainly plays a role in complexing other respiratory pathogens. For detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in quails of Isfahan province, 60 tracheal samples from 20 quail farms with respiratory signs and 60 tracheal samples from 20 apparently healthy quail farms were collected along with history recording. After DNA extraction from tracheal tissues, the 16srRNA gene from ORT was amplified by ORT specific primers. The electrophoresis of PCR product showed that a 784bp fragment of 16srRNA gene was amplified in 18 samples from quails with respiratory signs (30%) and 4 samples from apparently healthy quails (6. 66%) as positive control. Also 7 of the 20 farms with respiratory signs (35%) and 3 of the apparently healthy farms (15%) were infected by ORT. By considering the results of this study, it can be stated that infection by ORT in quail farms with respiratory signs and in apparently healthy farms is common in Isfahan province and therefore it is necessary to approve the pathogenicity of ORT and apply suitable vaccination against ORT in quail breeder farms to induce immunity in meat type quails.

Magnesium is essential to activate many enzymatic systems by development of metal-enzyme complexes. Thus, its deficiency is especially important in ruminants. The aim of the current study was to investigate the serumic levels of magnesium and its relation to levels of calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, glucose, and total bilirubin in Ghezel ewes of Miandoab city. For this purpose, seasonal blood samples were collected from 100 Ghezel ewes in Miandoab region and the levels of magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, glucose, and total bilirubin evaluated. Results of parameters in different seasons were analyzed and compared by one-way ANOVA. Relation of each parameter with magnesium levels of serum was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. Magnesium levels was higher in autumn and winter than summer and spring and total protein and phosphorus was lower than summer and spring (p<0. 05). Increase in magnesium levels resulted in decrease of calcium, total protein, and phosphorus indicating an indirect and significant relationship (p<0. 05). Bilirubin and albumin levels also had a direct and significant relationship with magnesium levels (p<0. 05) whereby they both increased following magnesium increase. Alterations in magnesium levels of serum in ewes has direct or indirect effects on biochemical parameters of serum. According to the results of this study, it is essential to use standard magnesium supplements in ewes' nutrition. Conflict of interest: None declared.

Parasitic infections cause huge losses to the aquaculture industry by reducing production. Identification of parasites is necessary to prevent infections and parasitic diseases of fish. Theparasitic fauna of fishes in Fahlian River has not been determined yet. This study was carried out to identify parasites in selected cyprinid fish in Fahlian River of Mamasani, Fars Province. For this purpose, 85 cyprinid fish of 3 species including Alburnus mossulensis, Cyprinion macrostomum and Capoeta barroisi persica were caught from 3 stations of Fahlian River in 2014 and examined in terms of visceral parasites. A total of 4 parasitic species were isolated and identified, including 1 digenean trematode (Allocreadium sp. ), 1 cestode (Bothriocephalus sp. ) and 2 nematodes (Rhabochona sp. and Cuculanus sp. ). The highest and lowest percentage of parasitic infestation was related to Allocreadium sp. and Bothriocephalussp. respectively. Also Capoeta barroisi persica and Cyprinion macrostomum demonstrated the highest and the lowest percentage of parasitic infection respectively. There was no significant relationship between infection of fish species and the infected organs. Based on the results of this study, all the studied fish (except Rhabochona sp. which was previously isolated from Cyprinion macrostomum) were introduced as new hosts of Allocreadium sp., Bothriocephalus sp., Rhabochona sp. and Cuculanus sp. in Iran.

Improvement of the immune system response along with increase in performance and growth factors are important goals of the modern poultry industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on improving the small intestinal histomorphology and growth factors in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (Ross 308) were distributed randomly into two groups of 48 with 4 replicates of 12 chicks. In the experimental group, two grams of the test compound was used in water for 42 days. All birds were weighed at the end of each week in order to investigate their growth factors. For histomorphological characterization, two broilers from each replicate were selected and the entire small intestine was removed and sent to the histology lab. The results indicated a significant difference in growth factors between the two groups from the third to the sixth week (p<0. 01). Crypt depth, villi height, thickness of muscular and mucosal layers and the number of goblet cells in different parts of the intestine was significantly different between the two groups (p<0. 01). The results showed that this compound can improve intestinal histomorphology and increase nutrient absorption and efficiency of food and improve growth factors therefore it seems that its use can improve the standard of growth in the poultry industry.

Equine influenza is an acute, infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease with worldwide distribution, high morbidity and low mortality. The disease is caused by H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of genus A of influenza virus in the horse. The most significant clinical signs of equine influenza are fever, coughing and nasal discharge. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Equine influenza in horses of Khuzestan province by ELISA assay. Blood samples were randomly collected from 184 horses from Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Shush, Shushtar, Mahshahr and Abadan cities. Seroprevalence of influenza virus was 7. 07% (95% CI: 3. 97-10. 77). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, sex, history of respiratory disease, history of leaving the province, body condition score, type of use, herd size and geographical location justify 45 percent of fluctuations in infection. History of leaving the province was the only factor with a significant effect on infection (p<0. 05). Relative frequency of positive cases with and without history of leaving the province was 16% and 92% respectively and odds of infection in horses with history of leaving the province was 20. 57 (95% CI: 2. 61-161. 97) in comparison with horses without history of leaving the province and this factor justifies 21. 6% of fluctuations in infection. This survey confirms that influenza virus exists in Khuzestan province and preventive and control measures should be considered by health authorities and horse owners.

Early development of small intestine can cause higher growth rate in hatchlings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of different ratios of DL-methionine to L-lysine on small intestinal histomorphology and immune system organs of day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks. In this experiment, 210 fertile Ross 308 broiler breeder eggs were randomly assigned into 7 experimental groups including 30 individual eggs per group. Treatment groups included: sham control (non-injected), control (1ml distilled water), 40. 5, 45. 5, 50. 5, 55. 5, and 60. 5% DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios which were injected into the amnion at 14 d of incubation. On day 22, hatched chicks were weighed and slaughtered in order to evaluate the characteristics of small intestine and immune system organs. Based on the results of the present experiment, the effects of in ovo injection with different DL-methionine to L-lysine ratios on weight and relative weight of ileum, ileum length, weight and relative weight of small intestine, length and relative length of small intestine were significant (p<0. 01) and elevatory. Also, significant effect (p<0. 05) of treatments was observed on crypt diameter (except for duodenum), crypt depth, villus height, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. On the other hand, immune system organs were not affected by the treatments. The overall results of the present study showed that in ovo injection from 40. 5 to 50. 5% of DL-methionine to L-lysine ratio improved small intestinal growth and histomorphology in broiler chicks.

Theileriosis is an important protozoal disease of domestic animals with a substantial role in reduction of production (milk and meat). The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum homocysteine and cardiac troponin I as biomarkers of cardiovascular damage in sheep affected by theileriosis based on gender and breed in Urmia city. After diagnosis of theileriosis based on clinical and laboratory symptoms, 30 infected sheep were selected (15 Ghezel breed and 15 Makouei breed) with 8 males and 7 females from each breed. Meanwhile, the same number of healthy sheep (based on sex and breed) were selected as healthy group. Thereafter, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein in both groups and the previously mentioned parameters were measured and evaluated statistically. The results showed a significant increase (p≤ 0. 05) in all parameters in diseased sheep in comparison to healthy ones. In terms of gender, significant increase in all parameters were observed in males compared with females and in the case of breed, there was a significant difference between the Makouei breed with healthy sheep and Ghezel with healthy ones (p≤ 0. 05). Overall, it can be concluded that increase of serum homocysteine and cardiac troponin I in sheep with theileriosis, especially in males, could be a warning that careful attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of sheep with theileriosis.

Given that the first step in performing molecular techniques such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction( is having enough high quality DNA, the aim of this study was to compare five different extraction methods of genomic DNA of mycobacteria in order to introduce the best method. For this purpose, pure colonies of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis were used as pathogenic mycobacterium and also a saprophytic strain called Mycobacterium phelei. The quality and quantity of the obtained DNA by each method was calculated, measured and evaluated respectively; based on extracted DNA concentrations (nanograms per microliter) at a wavelength of 260 nm and also optical density (OD) ratio based on the 260/280 wavelength by using the Nanodrop technique. The highest and lowest amounts of mycobacterial genome DNA was extracted using the CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and boiling methods respectively. Comparison of the purity of extracted DNA also indicated that the highest purity was obtained using the CTAB method and the lowest using the boiling method. Also no significant differences were observed regarding the quality of extracted DNA from pathogenic and saprophytic mycobacteria among the evaluated extraction methods. Thus, according to the results of this study it appears that using the CTAB method is the most suitable way to extract genomic DNA for molecular detection of mycobacteria in different samples.