VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2012 | Volume:6 | Issue:3 (23)|Papers Count:8

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic infection disease caused by Mycobacterium bacteria. The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex which is the causative agent of human tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is an important disease of ruminants especially cattle and goats throughout the world and Iran. A part from humans and ruminants, tuberculosis also infects companion and wild animals; therefore its control is difficult. Dogs and cats are susceptible to human, bovine and avian tuberculosis bacteria and transmission of disease from dogs and cats to humans and livestock is easily accomplished. Domestic birds like the canary are also susceptible to the aforementioned bacteria and therefore have an important role in the hygienic control of humans and livestock. A part from the role of livestock and companion animals in the transmission of tuberculosis, the spread of immunosuppressive diseases like AIDS which is increasing rapidly in our country, have a major role in the outbreak of human tuberculosis. The causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) is an important source of infection and disease transmission to humans therefore the control and eradication of tuberculosis in bovine population has always been out of the priorities of the relevant tuberculosis like the Veterinary organization of our country.

This research was conducted to determine some blood serumic electrolytes and enzymes in apparently healthy mules living in temperate geographical conditions of northwestern Iran and the effect of age and sex on these parameters. The studied animals (51 males and 48 females) which ranged in age from 4 to 12 yaers, were divided into three similar age groups. The serumic values of sodium (mmol/L), potassium (mmol/L), chloride (mg/L), phosphorous (mg/L), and activities of AST (IU/L), ALT (IU/L), ALP (IU/L), GGT (IU/L) and CPK (IU/L) were 137.55±6.02, 4.06±0.55, 104.01±3.46, 2.69±0.35, 409.95±44.82, 17.96±2.25, 510.83±70.24, 31.27±4.52 and 295.56±38.76 respectively. Gender had no significant effect on the studied parameters (p>0.05). There were significant differences between different age groups (p<0.05) in the value of sodium and activities of AST, ALT, ALP, CPK and GGT. Results from this study could help to improve the interpretation of laboratory data of mules.

This study was conducted on 10 male Iranian Ghezel sheep. To ensure the health of livestock and deworming treatment, sheep were kept without any intervention and on a normal and high quality diet for a month. Then onion was added to the animal's diet gradually, and after a week sheep were fed only with onions. Animals were fed with onions for 10 weeks, regular and weekly blood sampling was done during this period. Clinical findings included anemia, paleness of mucus membranes, tachycardia, weakness, lethargy and death in some cases. Red blood cell counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased from week 1, reaching to a significant low on week 3 (p<0.01). The Heinz body counts were increased dramatically from week 1 peaking on week 5 (p<0.001). A slight increase in hematological indices occurred after week 8; however 2 sheep died due to severe anemia. Results from this study indicated that feeding sheep with excess onions should be done cautiously to minimize the harmful effects caused by hemolytic anemia.

This research was conducted to determine the effects of Heat stress on some Blood Parameters, serum Biochemical values and humoral immunity in broiler chicks. Eighty day old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of control and treatment. Both groups were kept under the same management, nutrition, density, ventilation and vaccination conditions. The only difference between the two groups was treatment of the last week of the breeding period (days 36-42). Which were 24 0C in the control group and 33 0C in the treatment group. At the end of the breeding period (days 42), blood samples were taken from the brachial vein of all broiler. To determine the blood parameters, part of the samples were collected in anticoagulant containing capillary tubes (1mg/ml, EDTA) and were determined immediately. The Haematocrit, Leucocyte counts and differential Leucocyte counts were determined immediately. The other portions of the brachial blood were used to determine blood PH and following centrifuging and separation of the sera, some biochemichal parameters such as Total protein and Glocose were evaluated by colorimetric method with specific kits. To determine the effect of heat stress on Humoral immiunity, serum samples were tested with HI (Haemagglutination Inhibition) method to to clarify antibody production in response to Newcastles disease vaccine. The results of this study showed that Haematocrit, Lymphocyte percentage and Total protein were significantly decreased (p<0.05), but serum levels of Glucose, blood PH, Heterophil percentage H/L and ratio was significantly increased in the treatment group (p<0.05). Evaluation of the Monocyte and Eosinophil percentage did not reveal statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). Results of Newcastle HI test showed that HI titers were significantly decreased in treatment group (p<0.05). As a result, broiler chicks subjected to heat stress are susceptible to Newcastles disease and subsequent secondary infections due to suppression of the immune system.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary copper supplementation on the concentration of this element in equine serum, hair and hoof. Forty stallions were divided in two groups of control and treatment each consisting of 20 horses. Copper sulfate was supplied in the diet of the treatment group for 2 months. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein of all horses on days 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 and the sera were separated. Samples from hair and hoof were also collected. The concentration of copper in these samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. In the control group, mean serumic concentration of copper diet not show any significant changes from day 0 to 60 but in the treatment group there were significant differences between different sampling days (p=0.000). Mean copper concentration on the hair of the control group did not show a significant difference between different sampling days but in the treatment group a non-significant increase was observed (p=0.056). There was no significant difference in mean copper concentration of hoof in both treatment groups (p=0.055, p=0.481). There was a significant correlation between mean concentration of copper in the serum and hair and hoof at most sampling times. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of copper for 2 months leads to its significant serumic increase and non-significant increase in hair and hoof of horses and considering the protective effects of copper on skin and also hoof, its dietary supplementation is recommended in sports horses.

Ascites is defined as an accumulation of excessive amounts of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity. Ascites is a metabolic disorder with multi-factorial predisposing factors. Increased mortality is often observed in broilers with rapid growth in the form of ascites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrolytes of serum and ascitic fluid in broilers ascites syndrome. In this study, a total of 72 ascitic and 72 healthy broilers, over 4 week of age, collected from Chahar mahal va bakhtiyari province were studied. Samples were collected from the blood and ascitic fluid to determine the electrolytes. The data were analyzed using the t-test and SPSS and statistical software. The results indicated a significantly higher Sodium and potassium (p£0.05) lower chlorine and calcium content in the blood of diseased broilers in comparison with the healthy broilers but there were no significant difference in magnesium and phosphorus level. Sodium, potassium and phosphorus levels of the ascitic fluid was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the blood values of these parameters in diseased broilers chlorine and calcium of the ascitic fluid was significantly higher (p<0.05). There was a no significant alternation in magnesium values between the ascitic fluid and blood. Considering that the broilers of both groups were kept under the same retention and nutritional conditions, it is suspected that the retention of Sodium and potassium in the blood of diseased broilers may be related to the presence of bicarbonate ion to maintain acid-base status of the body.

One of the most important principles of cattle breeding is rearing and feeding of replacement calves. In this clinical survey three groups, consisting of 12-13 months old heifers, inseminated heifers up to 45 days of gestation and 4-5 months pregnant heifers suffering from nutritional problems which exhibited clinical signs of decreased growth rate, general debility, poor coat growth and discoloration and infertility were selected for pooled blood sampling and analysis of vitamin A, E and selenium, copper, zinc and manganese values. There was clear deficiency of vitamin E and manganese while selenium deficiency was slight correlating with clinical signs. It is suspected that improper and mouldy feeds presented to these non-lactating groups resulted in primary and secondary deficiencies of mentioned elements and finally have led to poor growth rate and fertility insufficiency in affected animals.

Leptin hormone is secreted from the white adipocytes of adipose tissue and its levels increase with the increase in size of the adipose tissue. One of the most important actions of this hormone is the regulation of body metabolism by consuming adipose tissue and production of energy. The objective of this study was determination of Leptin and BHB, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in healthy Holstein cows and cows with Sub clinical Ketosis and the determination of the prevalence of Sub clinical Ketosis, using BHB level in blood serum as the gold standard. In this survey 7 dairy farms were chosen in Shahriar, (Tehran province), Samples were taken from 100 cows at two periods: 1) last week of pregnancy (dry period), 2) The same cows at 2 months after parturition. Serum samples were harvested and leptin levels were measured using DBC ELISA kit, Canada, BHB levels were measured using RANBUT kits and glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured by commercial kits (ziest chem) and spectrophotometer. In this study, the prevalence of Sub clinical Ketosis, using the 1.2, 1.4, 1.7 mmol BHB, as the cut point was calculated as 18%, 14% and 4% respectively. Leptin levels decreased significantly after parturition in healthy cows and those affected by subclinical ketosis. There was a significant correlation between leptin and glucose (r=0.53) and BHB and glucose (r=-0.27) in pre parturient group of cows. In the group of cows 2 month after parturition, there was a significant correlation between leptin and glucose (r=0.65), BHB and triglyceride (r=0.97) and BHB and glucose (r=-0.64). In the group affected by subclinical ketosis, a significant correlation was observed between leptin and glucose (r=0.72), BHB and glucose (r=-0.38), BHB and triglyceride (r=0.85) and BHB and cholesterol (r=0.64).